Air Pollution Course: The SA Branch of the Society conducted a short course covering the selection, maintenance and evaluation of particulate collection equipment used in air pollution control. Addresses on the topics were given by members of the SA Branch of the Clean Air Society, along with representatives from DCE Vokes Pty Ltd, and Mideco Sales Pty Ltd. Ms. Goodman and Dr Pearman are officers with the Commonwealth of Nations Atmospheric Physics Division and.
This preliminary analysis for heavy metals was done on samples collected during the first week of each month in January (summer), April (autumn), July (winter) and October (spring) since collection began. Wet acid digestion is often a time-consuming process due to the chemical nature of polystyrene, which is difficult to destroy. In dry firing, the temperature is kept at a maximum of 400 °C to prevent the loss of the more volatile elements cadmium, zinc and lead.
Dry ashing procedures have been studied by Ranweiler and Moyers (6) and Kometani et al (7). a) Standard analytical method: The subsamples and different filter blanks from the same area were passed through a procedure adapted from that described by Ranweiler and Moyers (6). The recovery of the various heavy metals using this technique was verified by adding known recovery solutions to another set of blank filters. Heavy metal levels in Microsorban filter blanks were found to be relatively low for all metals, compared to the amounts of metals collected in weekly samples.
The yields were calculated as the average percent yield of each element and the standard deviation of the yield.
AEROALLERGENS AND CHILDHOOD ASTHMA IN MELBOURNE
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION AT THE TERTIARY LEVEL IN NEW ZEALAND AND AUSTRALIA
J. Mainwaring
For those who want to pursue a career in the field of pollution control or waste management, specialization can be done at the bachelor's or master's level and there is much debate as to which is preferable. For example, a conventionally trained engineer will need additional training, either on the job or at a higher institution, to work in the field of pollution control. This could have been avoided if his undergraduate education had been specifically in the field of pollution control.
An example of suitable courses are the courses offered by the Harvard School of Public Health in the United States on various aspects of environmental health. Teaching is shown in the table as examples of the types of courses offered to prospective teachers. The two courses, which operate at Victoria State College in Melbourne and Rusden, run four-year courses in environmental studies.
The environmental input into the training of professionals whose activities have an impact on the environment are not included in the tables, but some examples are given below. The course in Melbourne offers a choice of several specializations, each containing the necessary background material for that field; for example, meteorology in the air pollution control option. Less specific postgraduate courses in interdisciplinary fields are offered by the University of Tasmania, Macquarie University, the University of Adelaide and Monash University.
All four, although similar in purpose, differ in the degree of structuring in the course and therefore in the degree of choice. Strong emphasis is given in both the ecology of natural systems, the interaction of man in the environment and the legal, economic, political and social factors involved in environmental management and the use of resources. The University of Tasmania's integrated course takes a more global view of man's place in the environment.
Undergraduate studies in the wider environmental field are available at Griffith, Murdoch and Macquarie universities. This course is in some respects very similar to pollution control courses already covered by additional contributions in public health, sanitation, microbiology, and urban and regional planning. Finally, there will continue to be a need for specialist programs in environmental fields, particularly those in control and mitigation.
COMMERCIAL GAS MIXTURES
The nature of the stability of the mixture is random and a function of the absorption or reaction with the walls of the cylinder. Assuming that gases behave ideally, the final volume concentration of a gas mixture will be proportional to the partial pressures of the components. The pressure of a gas in a cylinder can be measured using a calibrated manometer of the aneroid or Bourdon tube type.
An initial preparation tolerance of between 5 and 20% of the component value, depending on the concentration level, can be expected for mixtures of this type. Due to their low molecular weight, Hydrogen and Helium mixtures are an extremely poor example of the accuracy of PGS gas mixtures. Before any gas mixture can be used, the contents of the cylinder must be homogenized.
Depending on the relative amounts and densities of the components in the gas mixture in question, different degrees of uniformity will be achieved. Assumptions about the linearity of instruments are avoided; each component of the mixture is compared to a PGS at a concentration as close as possible to the level in question. These mixtures are recommended for applications where the extreme accuracy of the primary gravimetric standard is not required.
The technique used to produce a particular gas mixture will depend on the nature of the mixture and. Both preparation specifications and analytical tolerances usually control mixture costs. Lawther and Milton Feldstein, deputy director of the San Francisco Bay Area Air Pollution Control District.
Another advantage is that there is less danger when operating the Philips electrochemical sulfur dioxide monitor unattended compared to using an explosive gas. The latter two also visited and lectured at various branches of the Society in Australia. Admiral Sharp, the director of the National Society for Clean Air, represented our Society by proxy.
A significant change here is the reduced representation on the Council by the individual branches, as there will now be S branches, compared to three in the early years of the Society. These are included in the station's configuration, eliminating the need for daily manual recalibration of the air quality monitoring instruments.
