কোর্স কোড: SSC 1659

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv

†Kvm© †KvW: SSC 1659

†m‡KÛvwi ¯‹zj mvwU©wd‡KU †cÖvMÖvg (GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg)

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv

†Kvm© †KvW :

SSC-1659

†m‡KÛvwi ¯‹zj mvwU©wd‡KU †cÖvMÖvg (GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg)

cÖ‡YZv

cÖ‡dmi W. †gv. gvneyei ingvb

BwZnvm wefvM, ivRkvnx wek¦we`¨ vjq

cÖ‡dmi W. AvkdvK †nv‡mb

BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

cÖ‡dmi W. myjZvbv wbMvi †PŠayix

BwZnvm wefvM ( Aet), XvKv K‡jR

m„Rbkxj As‡ki † jL K

cÖ‡dmi mvwenv Bmjvg

BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv K‡jR

m¤úv` K

cÖ‡dmi W. gybZvmxi gvgyb

BwZnvm wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq

evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv

†Kvm© †KvW :

SS C-1659

GmGmwm †cÖvMÖvg

cÖ_g cÖKvk : AvM÷, 2016

cÖ”Q`

KvRx mvBdzÏxb AveŸvm

Kfvi MÖvwdKm

Ave`yj gv‡jK

Kw¤úDUvi K‡¤úvR

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evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

ISBN 978-984-34-3123-03

cÖKvkbvq

cÖKvkbv, gy`ªY I weZiY wefvM evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq MvRxcyi-1705

gy`ªY

evsjvevRvi †cÖm GÛ cvewj‡Kkb 53 bs b_© eªæK nj †ivW, XvKv-11

wb‡e`b

RvZxq wkÿvbxwZ 2010-Gi Av‡jv‡K evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vj‡qi gva¨wgK ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv bvgK eBwU iwPZ| eBwU ¯^-wkLb Z_v gwWDjvi c×wZ‡Z LyeB mnR K‡i †jLv n‡q‡Q| GB ¯Í‡ii wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ BwZnvm welqwU mnR‡eva¨ I AvKl©Yxq K‡i †Zvjvi Rb¨ welqe¯‘i m‡½ mswkøó ¸iæZ¡c~Y© gvbwPÎ, Av‡jvKwPÎ, wPÎ I WªBs ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| eBwU iPbvq cÖvÁ †jLKMY BwZnv‡mi cÖvgvY¨ `wj‡ji Dci wbf©i K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv eBwU †Kv‡m©i Pvwn`v Abyhvqx h‡ZvUv m¤¢e ms‡ÿc Kivi †Póv K‡iwQ|

ZviciI cvVµ‡gi Kvi‡Y Av‡iv mswÿß Kiv †Mj bv| Avgiv †P‡qwQjvg, G ch©v‡q QvÎ- QvÎx‡`i fvivµvšÍ bv Ki‡Z| Z‡e G Kvi‡Y, cÖ‡qvRbxq Z_¨ ev` hvqwb| D”PZi K¬v‡k QvÎiv Av‡iv we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e G welq¸‡jv m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡e|

Avkv Kwi eBwU ¯^-wkLb c×wZi wkÿv_©x‡`i LyeB DcKv‡i Avm‡e| GB BwZnvm cv‡V gyw³hy‡×i †PZbvq D¾xweZ n‡q AwR©Z Ávb wkÿv_©xiv wb‡R‡`i Rxebgvb Dbœqb I †`kMovi Kv‡R jvMv‡e| eBwUi †jLK, wiwfDqvi, mgš^qK Ges I‡cb ¯‹z‡ji wWb I KZ©„cÿmn mswkøó mKj‡K ab¨ev` RvbvB|

eBwU hv‡`i Rb¨ †jLv Zviv DcK…Z n‡j Avgv‡`i kÖg mv_©K n‡q‡Q e‡j g‡b Ki‡ev|

cÖ‡dmi W. gybZvmxi gvgyb

BwZnvm wefvM

XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq, XvKv|

2016/1423

m~wPcÎ

cÖ‡dmi W. myjZvbv wbMvi †PŠayix (BDwbU-1,2)

BDwbU 1: BwZnv‡mi msÁv, welqe¯‘ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ... 1-3

cvV 1.1: BwZnv‡mi msÁv, welqe¯‘ I cÖ‡qvRbxqZv ...1

BDwbU 2: wek¦mf¨Zv ...4-20 cvV 2.1: wgkixq mf¨Zv ...4

cvV 2.2: †g‡mvc‡Ugxq mf¨Zv... 8

cvV 2.3: wmÜz mf¨Zv ...10

cvV 2.4: Pxb mf¨Zv ...14

cvV 2.5: wMÖK mf¨Zv ...18

cÖ‡dmi W. AvkdvK †nv‡mb (BDwbU-3, 4, 5, 6, 7) BDwbU 3: evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK ˆewkó¨ I Gi cÖfve... 21-27 cvV 3.1: evsjv‡`‡ki †fŠ‡MvwjK Ae¯’vb I cwiwPwZ ...21

cvV 3.2: evsjv‡`‡ki f~-cÖK…wZ Ges Gi cÖfve... 25

BDwbU 4: cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc` I ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm... 28-41 cvV 4.1: cÖvPxb evsjvi Rbc`... 28

cvV 4.2: cÖvPxb evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm... 32

cvV 4.3: evsjvq cvj es‡ki kvmb ... 34

cvV 4.4: evsjvq †mb es‡ki kvmb ... 38

BDwbU 5: cÖvPxb evsjvi RxebPh©v...42-49 cvV 5.1: cÖvPxb evsjvi mgvR I A_©bxwZ... 42

cvV 5.2: cÖvPxb evsjvi ag© I ms¯‹…wZ ... 46

BDwbU 6: ga¨hy‡M evsjvi ivR‰bwZK BwZnvm ...50-65 cvV 6.1: eLwZqvi wLjwR I evsjvq ZzwK© kvmb ... 50

cvV 6.2: Bwjqvm kvn&& I evsjvq ¯^vaxb myjZvwb kvmb ... 55

cvV 6.3: †nv‡mb kvnx es‡ki Aax‡b evsjv ... 58

cvV 6.4: evsjvq gyNj kvmb I evi fzuBqv ...61

BDwbU 7: ga¨hy‡M evsjvi RxebPh©v ...66-72 cvV 7.1: ga¨hy‡M evsjvi mgvR I A_©bxwZ ... 66

cvV 7.2: ga¨hy‡M evsjvi ag© I ms¯‹…wZ... 70

cÖ‡dmi W. myjZvbv wbMvi †PŠayix (BDwbU-8, 9, 10, 11, 12) BDwbU 8: evsjvq BD‡ivcxq‡`i AvMgb ... 73-84 cvV 8.1: evsjvq BD‡ivcxq‡`i AvMgb ... 73

cvV 8.2: evsjvq Bs‡iR‡`i ÿgZv `Lj ... 76

cvV 8.3: wPi¯’vqx e‡›`ve¯Í...81 BDwbU 9: evsjvq Bs‡iR kvm‡bi cÖfve ...85-91

cvV 9.1: A_©‰bwZK †kvlY I `ywf©ÿ ... 85

cvV 9.2: evsjvq Bs‡iR‡`i ms¯‹vi I AvaywbK †hvMv‡hvM e¨e¯’vi cÖeZ©b ... 89

BDwbU 10: evsjvq K…lK we‡`ªvn ... 92-101 cvV 10.1: dwKi-mbœvmx we‡`ªvn...92

cvV 10.2: wZZzgx‡ii msMÖvg ... 95

cvV 10.3: bxj we‡`ªvn... 97

cvV 10.4: div‡qwR Av‡›`vjb ... 99

BDwbU 11: evsjvq behyM ... 102-111 cvV 11.1: beRvMiY I ivRv ivg‡gvnb ivq ...102

cvV 11.2: wW‡ivwRI I Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi... 105

cvV 11.3: bIqve Ave`yj jwZd I ˆmq` Avgxi Avjx... 108

cvV 11.4: †eMg †iv‡Kqv ...110

BDwbU 12: Bs‡iR kvmb Avg‡j evsjvi ¯^vaxKvi Av‡›`vjb ... 112-133 cvV 12.1: 1857 wLª÷v‡ãi ¯^vaxbZv msMÖvg...112

cvV 12.2: fviZxq ivR‰bwZK `j MVb...116

cvV 12.3: e½f½ I ¯^‡`kx Av‡›`vjb ...119

cvV 12.4: wLjvdZ, Amn‡hvM I mk¯¿ cÖwZ‡iva Av‡›`vjb...122

cvV 12.5: jv‡nvi cÖ¯Íve ...126

cvV 12.6: weªwUk kvm‡bi Aemvb ...129

cÖ‡dmi W. †gv. gvneyei ingvb (BDwbU-13, 14) BDwbU 13: fvlv Av‡›`vjb I evOvwji AvZ¥cwiPq cÖwZôv, 1948-1969...134-167 cvV 13.1: fvlv Av‡›`vjb : cUf~wg, NUbv cÖevn I cÖfve ... 134

cvV 13.2: hy³d«›U MVb I 1954 mv‡ji wbe©vPb...142

cvV 13.3: mvgwiK kvmb I AvBqyexq ˆ¯^ivPvi ... 148

cvV 13.4: Qq`dv Av‡›`vjb... 157

cvV 13.5: AvMiZjv gvgjv I e½eÜz †kL gywReyi ingvb ...162

cvV 13.6: 1969 mv‡ji MYAfz¨Ìvb...165

BDwbU 14: 1970 Gi wbe©vPb I hyw³hy× ...168-204 cvV 14.1: 1970 mv‡ji wbe©vPb... 168

cvV 14.2: Amn‡hvM Av‡›`vjb : gvP© 1971...172

cvV 14.3: e½eÜz KZ©„K ¯^vaxbZv †NvlYv ... 177

cvV 14.4: ¯^vaxbZvi †NvlYvcÎ t gywRebM‡i MYcÖRvZš¿x evsjv‡`k miKvi... 179

cvV 14.5: †emvgwiK I mvgwiK cÖwZ‡iva Ges 11wU †m±‡i hy×... 185

cvV 14.6: †R‡bvmvBW ev MYnZ¨v, bvix wbh©vZb I 1971-Gi kiYv_©x ... 188

cvV 14.7: gyw³hy‡× wewfbœ msMVb I e¨w³i f~wgKv ...192

cvV 14.8: gyw³hy× I wek¦ RbgZ... 197

cvV 14.9: ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡ki AvZ¥cÖKvk I weRq w`em ...199

cvV 14.10: e½eÜzi ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©b I miKvi MVb ...201

†Kvm©eB AbymiY Kivi wb‡`©kbv

†Kvm© cwiwPwZ

(Course Overview)

†Kv‡m©i bvg : evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨Zv †Kvm© †KvW :

S S C-16 5 9 RvZxq wk¶vbxwZ-2010 Gi j¶¨ I D‡Ïk¨‡K mvg‡b †i‡L evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq GmGmwm †cÖvMÖv‡gi bZzb wm‡jev‡mi Av‡jv‡K `~iwk¶Y c×wZi wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨ ¯^-wkLb cvVmvgMÖx wn‡m‡e Ôevsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm I wek¦mf¨ZvÕ eBwU iwPZ n‡q‡Q|

`~iwk¶Y c×wZi g~j K_vB nj ¯^wbf©i cvV e¨e¯’vcbv| G c×wZi gva¨‡g wkÿv_x© wbR `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡Ri myweavg‡Zv mg‡q †kLvi Kv‡R wb‡qvwRZ nb| cvVmvgMÖx Dc¯’vcbvi G c×wZ gWz¨jvi c×wZ bv‡g cwiwPZ| GwU GKBmv‡_

cvV¨cy¯ÍK I wk¶‡Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| G‡Z wkÿv_©xiv wk¶‡Ki mivmwi mnvqZv Qvov wb‡RB cov‡kvbv Ki‡Z cv‡ib| G Kvi‡YB eBwUi welqe¯‘ hZ`~i m¤¢e wb‡R c‡o †evSvi Dc‡hvMx K‡i iPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| †Kvm© eBwUi fveMZ HK¨ iÿv K‡i cv‡Vi welqe¯‘‡K KZ¸‡jv BDwb‡U fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avevi BDwbU¸‡jv‡K KZ¸‡jv cv‡V fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q| cÖwZ BDwb‡Ui ïiæ‡Z f~wgKv †`qv n‡q‡Q| ¯^Zš¿ G BDwbU¸‡jv co‡j we‡kl †Kvb& w`K¸‡jv Rvbv hv‡e Zv BDwb‡Ui D‡Ï‡k¨ ejv Av‡Q| BDwbUwU KZ mg‡q †kl Ki‡Z n‡e Zv BDwb‡Ui ïiæ‡Z D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q Ges BDwb‡U KZ¸‡jv cvV Av‡Q ZvI D‡jøL Kiv Av‡Q| Avevi, cÖwZwU cv‡Vi ïiæ‡Z H cv‡Vi wkLbdj/D‡Ïk¨ hy³ Kiv n‡q‡Q, hv‡Z wk¶v_©x wkLbdj Abyhvqx Ávb AwR©Z n‡jv Kx bv Zv hvPvB Ki‡Z cv‡ib|

wkÿv_©x‡K cÖwZwU g~jcvV Aek¨B ey‡S-ey‡S co‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU cv‡Vi †k‡l H cv‡Vi mvims‡ÿc †`qv Av‡Q|

GQvov wkÿv_©xi ¯^-g~j¨vq‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ cÖwZwU cv‡Vi †k‡l cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡b Ges BDwb‡Ui †k‡l P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡b eû wbe©vPwb cÖkœ I m„Rbkxj cÖkœ †`qv n‡q‡Q|

Aa¨q‡bi †ÿ‡Î wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ wb‡`©kbv

wk¶v_x©iv hv‡Z GB eB c‡o AwaKZi mydj jvf Ki‡Z cv‡ib †mRb¨ wb‡P wKQy wb‡`©kbv Zz‡j aiv n‡jv :

 BDwb‡Ui wk‡ivbvg, f‚wgKv I D‡Ïk¨ c‡o m¤¢ve¨ welqe¯‘ Kx n‡Z cv‡i †m m¤ú‡K© aviYv Kiæb|

 cv‡Vi me¸‡jv ÔD‡Ïk¨Õ c‡o GB cvV †_‡K Kx Kx wkL‡Z cvi‡eb Zv †R‡b wbb|

 Gici g~jcvV fv‡jvfv‡e Aa¨qb Kiæb| Aa¨q‡bi ci wkLbdj¸‡jv AwR©Z nj Kx bv Zv fv‡jvfv‡e hvPvB Kiæb| hw` wkLbdj AwR©Z bv nq Zvn‡j welqe¯‘ cybivq Aa¨qb Kiæb| †Kv_vI wPÎ _vK‡j wP‡Îi mv‡_ welqe¯‘ wgwj‡q co–b|

 †Kvb BDwb‡Ui welqe¯‘ Aa¨q‡bi mgq †h welq¸‡jv A‡cÿvK…Z KwVb/`y‡e©va¨ g‡b n‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ K‡i Avcbvi †bvU LvZvq wjwce× Kiæb Ges KwVb welq¸‡jv mgvav‡bi Rb¨ welqe¯‘ cybivq Aa¨qb Kiæb|

 cÖwZwU BDwb‡Ui welq¸‡jv fv‡jvfv‡e †evSvi †ÿ‡Î Abykxj‡bi Rb¨ cÖwZwU BDwb‡Ui cÖwZwU cv‡V wkÿv_x©‡`i Rb¨ wkÿv_©xi KvR (A¨vKwUwfwU) ms‡hvRb Kiv i‡q‡Q| BDwb‡Ui welqe¯‘ fv‡jvfv‡e Aa¨qb K‡i A¨vKwUwfwU¸‡jv m¤úbœ Kiæb|

 Aa¨q‡bi †k‡l cv‡VvËi g~j¨vq‡bi mgm¨v¸‡jv wb‡R wb‡R mgvavb Kivi †Póv Kiæb| eB-Gi †k‡l

†`Iqv DËigvjvi mv‡_ Avcbvi DËi wgwj‡q †`Lyb| me¸‡jv cÖ‡kœi DËi mwVK bv n‡j GB cvVwU AveviI fv‡jv K‡i coyb Ges mgm¨vi mwVK mgvav‡bi †Póv Kiæb| P~ovšÍ g~j¨vq‡bi †ÿ‡Î GKB c×wZ AbymiY Kiæb| cÖ‡qvR‡b mncvwV‡`i mv‡_ mgm¨vi welq¸‡jv wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiæb, †`L‡eb mgvav‡bi c_ mnR n‡q †M‡Q|

 I‡cb ¯‹z‡ji GB eBwU QvovI ¯’vbxq ÷vwW †m›Uv‡i Avcbvi Rb¨ wUD‡Uvwiqvj K¬v‡mi e¨e¯’v i‡q‡Q|

Avcwb cÖ_‡gB Avcbvi wel‡q KZwU wUD‡Uvwiqvj K¬vm cv‡eb Zv Avcbvi ÷vwW †m›Uvi †_‡K †R‡b wbb Ges Avcbvi ÷vwW †m›Uv‡ii cÖwZwU wUD‡Uvwiqvj K¬v‡m AskMÖnY Kiæb|

 wUD‡Uvwiqvj mvwf©m‡K Kvh©‡cv‡hvMx Ki‡Z Avcbvi cvV¨cy¯ÍKwUi mKj BDwbU‡K KZwU As‡k fvM K‡i wbb| cÖ‡Z¨K wUD‡Uvwiqvj K¬v‡m hvIqvi Av‡M Avcbvi fvMK…Z AskwU fv‡jvfv‡e Aa¨qb Kiæb| †Kv‡bv BDwb‡Ui welqe¯‘ Aa¨q‡bi mgq †h welq¸‡jv A‡cÿvK…Z KwVb/`y‡e©va¨ g‡b n‡q‡Q Zv wPwýZ K‡i Avcbvi †bvU LvZvq wjwce× Kiæb Ges KwVb welq¸‡jv mgvav‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvR‡b wUDU‡ii (wkÿ‡Ki) mvnvh¨ wbb| GKB c×wZ AbymiY K‡i me¸‡jv cvV Aa¨qb †kl Kiæb|

gvwR©b AvBKb

( Margin Icons)

†Kvm©wU Aa¨qb Kivi c~‡e© †Kvm©wU‡Z ch©vqµ‡g †h mg¯Í AvBKb/cÖZxK e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q †m m¤ú‡K© Avcbv‡K cÖ_‡gB cwiwPZ n‡Z n‡e| G‡Z cy‡iv †Kvm© gwWDj Gi †Kvb&wU wkLbdj, †Kvb&wU welqe¯‘/g~jcvV, †Kvb&wU cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb, †Kvb&wU P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb BZ¨vw` m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB AewnZ n‡Z cvi‡eb| wb‡¤œ GB cvV¨cy¯Í‡K e¨eüZ wewfbœ AvBKb ev cÖZxK¸‡jv †`Lv‡bv n‡jv|

†Kvm©e B Abymi ‡Yi wb‡`©kbv

†Kvm© /BDwbU

mgvwßi mgq D‡Ïk¨ welqe¯ ‘/g~jc vV wkÿv_©xi KvR mvims‡ÿc

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqb P~ovšÍ g~j¨vqb DËigvjv wfwWI ev †`Lv AwWI e v †k vbv mvnvh¨ /cÖ‡qvR ‡b

†Kvm© mgvwßi mgq †Kvm©wU mgvwßi m‡e©v”P 90 w`b mgq jvM‡e

G wel‡qi AwWI I wfwWI †cÖvMÖvg h_vµ‡g evsjv‡`k †eZvi I evsjv‡`k †Uwjwfk‡b cÖPvwiZ n‡e| †cÖvMÖv‡gi wmwWDj msMÖn K‡i Zv ïb‡Z cv‡eb|

AwWI/wfwWI

mvnvh¨ ev mnvqZvi Rb¨ civgk© wbbÑ

Avcbvi ÷vwW †m›Uv‡ii †Kvm© wUDUi A_ev,

†Kvm© wkÿK I‡cb ¯‹zj

evsjv‡`k Dš§y³ wek¦we`¨vjq, MvRxcyi-1705|

mvnvh¨/

cÖ‡qvR‡b