We hereby declare that this project was carried out by us under the supervision of Md. The main objective of this project is to produce a low cost fire control system.
List of Tables
Page No
Chapter-1 Introduction
- Background
- Organization of the Project
- Experimental Setup
- FLAME DETECTOR INSTALLATION
- GAS DETECTOR INSTALLATION
- Major Components
- Circuit Diagram
The optimal mounting height of the detector depends on the height of the most likely point of fire ignition. Obstacles such as girders, beams, supports, hoists, air conditioners and other solid objects can disrupt the gas flow to the detector.
Chapter-2
Arduino Uno
- Introduction
- Arduino Pin Diagram
- Five Steps to Program an Arduino
- Few of Basic Arduino functions are
- How to Design your own Arduino?
- Working Principle
Are: Provides a reference to analog inputs. Reset: Resets the microcontroller when it is low. Place the female headers on the board and connect them to the appropriate pins on the chip.
Chapter-3
16*2 LCD Display
- Introduction
- Working principle
- Advantage of LCD Display
- Pin Diagram
- Pin Description
- Features
This combination of colored light with the grayscale image of the crystal (formed as electric current flows through the crystal) forms the colored image. The principle behind LCDs is that when an electric current is applied to the liquid crystal molecule, the molecule tends to untwist. This causes the angle of light passing through the molecule of the polarized glass and also causes a change in the angle of the upper polarizing filter.
As a result, some light is allowed to pass through the polarized glass through a specific area of the LCD. An electrode surface is made of indium tin oxide that is held on top and a polarized glass with a polarizing film is also added to the bottom of the device. The entire area of the LCD must be surrounded by a common electrode and above it must be the liquid crystal material.
Next comes the second piece of glass with an electrode in the shape of a rectangle at the bottom and another polarizing film at the top. When there is no power, the light passes through the front of the LCD screen and is reflected and reflected by the mirror. When the electrode is connected to a battery, the resulting current will cause the liquid crystals between the common-plane electrode and the electrode to become loose in the shape of a rectangle.
Chapter – 4
Grove Flame Sensor
- Introduction
- Description
- Interface Description (4-wire)
- Specifications
- Circuit Diagram
- How to Test
- When exposed to the fire of an ignited lighter
Connect the VCC pin of your module to the 5V pin of your Arduino.
Chapter-5
Carbon- Monoxide Sensor (MQ-7)
Introduction
Description
MQ-7 GAS SENSOR 5.3: Features
- APPLICATION : They are used in gas detecting equipment for carbon monoxide (CO) in family and industry or car
- SPECIFICATIONS : A. Standard work condition
- Basic Circuit Diagram
- Load Resistor
- Read the Datasheet
- Burn – In
- Characteristics of MQ-7 CO Gas sensor
- Analyzing PPM of Gases
If only one specific gas is being measured, the load resistance can be calibrated by applying a known concentration of that gas. If the sensor is used to measure any gas (as in an air quality detector), the load resistance can be set to a value of approximately 1V output with clean air. Choosing a good value for the load resistance is only valid after the burn-in time.
If the pins are connected incorrectly, the sensor can be damaged, or it can be broken immediately. Some data sheets use the term "preheat", but this is the time to burn in the sensor. The burn-in is achieved by applying normal power to the sensor (to the heater and connected to the 'A' and 'B' pins, and with a load resistor).
Parts per million by volume is a common way to express a concentration in the gas phase. 1 ppm solute = 10-6 kg solute / 1 kg solution = 1 mg solute / 1 kg solution There is a very convenient way to perform this calculation in dilute solutions of water. The sensor can be used to detect various gases containing CO, is inexpensive and suitable for various applications.
Chapter-6 Buzzer
Introduction
Advantages & Disadvantage
Advantage
How Electromechanical Buzzers Function?
Chapter-7 Resistor
- Introduction
- Based on Conductive properties of Resistor: Based on the conductive properties of a resistor resistors can be classified as
- Linear Resistor
- Non Linear Resistor:Non-Linear Resistor are those types of resistors in which the Current passed through it is not exactly directly proportional to the Potential Difference applied to it
A linear resistor is the type of resistor whose resistance remains constant with increase in the potential difference or voltage applied to it, or the resistance or current carried through the resistor does not change when the applied voltage changes. Non-Linear Resistor: Non-linear resistors are the types of resistors where the current passed through it is not exactly directly proportional to the potential difference applied across it. These types of resistors have non-linear V-I characteristics and do not strictly follow Ohm's law.
Each color is a different number and you can either memorize these numbers or just use the table in the next step OR there are many resistor calculators you can use. Use the tool on the left to find out the color bands for the value. An electronic color code is used to indicate values or ratings of electronic components, usually resistors, but also capacitors, inductors, and others.
The electronic color code was developed in the early 1920s by the Radio Manufacturers Association (now part of the Electronic Industries Alliance[1] (EIA)), and published as EIA-RS-279. Where passive components come in surface mount packages, their values will be identified by printed alphanumeric codes instead of a color code. BandBis is the second significant figure (some precision resistors have a third significant figure, and thus five bands).
Chapter-8 Variable Resistor
Introduction
The schematic for the variable resistor has remained the same for quite some time and can be seen in the illustration on the upper right. As you can see, it looks somewhat like a typical resistor, but there is an arrow coming out of one side that points to the center of the resistor.
What is variable register?
As the resistance increases in a variable resistor, the amount of current allowed to flow in a circuit decreases. The second component, called the wiper or brush, is used to set the resistance and is often controlled by a button or slide switch.
FIXED TYPE
Circuit Diagram
Working of variable register
The track is usually made of a mixture of ceramic and metal or may also be made of carbon. The circuit breaker will have an operating shaft which can be easily moved in an axial direction with one of its ends moving from the body of the variable resistance switch. The switch mechanism is used for the electrical contact and non-contact on/off operation of the switch.
There are variable resistors with switching mechanism of annular cross section that are used for control of equipment. More components are added to this type of variable resistor to make them compatible with complicated electronic circuits. It is also connected to a variable resistance circuit and also to a fixed resistance circuit [bleed resistance] to produce a change in the applied voltage.
Since the position of a slider cannot be seen or confirmed according to the adjustment of resistance, a stop mechanism is usually included to prevent the hazards caused by over-rotation.
Chapter-9 Program
- Introduction
- Instructions
- Calculation and programming
- Simulation
It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and a list of instructions (called statements) that tell the computer what to do with the variables. Low-level languages are closer to the language used by a computer, while high-level languages are closer to human language. An instruction set, or instruction set architecture (ISA), is the part of computer architecture related to programming, including the native data types.
ISA includes the specification of the set of arguments (machine language) and native instructions executed by a particular processor. At the lowest level, each instruction is a sequence of 0s and 1s that describe the physical operation the computer is to perform (such as "Add") and, depending on the type of instruction, a specification of special memory areas called registers that can contain data that will be used in the execution of instructions, or the location of data in the computer's memory. In high-level languages, the result of a language statement (after the program is compiled) is several processor instructions.
In assembly language, a macro instruction is one that, during processing by the assembler program, is expanded to become multiple instructions (based on a previously coded macro definition). As we know that the microcontroller function is based on programming interface, so if we use it according to our application must follow its language, so prepared our programming language with C. Simulation software is based on the process of modeling a real phenomenon with a set of mathematical formulas.
Chapter-10
Component Data Sheet
Data Sheet
Chapter-11
Advantages and Disadvantage
Advantage & Disadvantage of Flame Detector
Disadvantage
Advantage & Disadvantage of Natural Gas
Residential Use: Natural gas can be piped into homes for heating and cooking and to run a variety of appliances. Vehicle fuel: Natural gas can be used as fuel for vehicles (cars, trucks, aircraft engines).
Burns Cleaner : Natural gas burns cleaner without leaving any smell, ash or smoke
Disadvantage of Natural Gas
Expensive Installation : The infrastructure for natural gas production and distribution is fairly expensive. This includes separate plumbing systems and specialized tanks
Transportation inefficiencies: Natural gas, when used as a vehicle fuel, provides less mileage than gasoline.
Chapter-12 Conclusion
- Character
- Application
- Gas Detector
- Flame Detector
- conclusion
- Recommendation : If this project is manufactured commercially then the price will be reduced
One of the by-products of most forms of combustion is the gas Carbon Monoxide (CO). Carbon monoxide fire detectors are generally suitable for a wide range of applications where the use of traditional fixed point heat or smoke detectors may be impractical due to the presence of misleading phenomena. Carbon monoxide fire detectors consist of an electronic circuit and an electrochemical cell that produces a small electric current in the presence of carbon monoxide.
When the concentration of carbon monoxide increases, the current produced by the cell also increases, which in turn generates an alarm signal. Carbon monoxide fire detectors have a relatively short lifespan (5-10 years) and must be maintained strictly in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations for optimal performance. One of the methods to improve the performance of flame detectors and reduce the effect of misleading phenomena and false alarms is to combine both ultraviolet and infrared technologies in one system and two or three separate wavelengths in the infrared spectrum.
Multi-Sensor Fire Detectors Over the past 20 years there has been a dramatic improvement in the ability of manufacturers to incorporate two or more of the technologies discussed in this article. This combination of technologies has occurred; (1) improve the performance of an existing fire detection method; and (2) in some cases to reduce or eliminate the effect of misleading phenomena that cause false alarms. Combining multiple sensors using smart algorithms that can suppress short-term spurious phenomena. Successful completion of the project report, a special mention goes to those who directly or indirectly helped the work.
Chapter-13 Reference
