It is encouraging news for the developing countries that more than 60% of the total world trade goes to their economies (Ghosh et al., 2003). Although Bangladesh has great resources but remains in a marginal position (Mostafizur et. al., 2009) and therefore majority of the shops of aquarium fish are located in Dhaka city (Galib, 2010a). But in Bangladesh, the culture of aquarium fish was started in 1980 at Kataban in Dhaka (Mostafizur et al., 2009).
Most of the aquarium fish shops are located in the capital city (Dhaka) and other important cities (for example, Rajshahi, Khulna and so on) of Bangladesh (Mostafizur et al., 2009). About 12 exotic and a few indigenous aquarium fishes are found in Rajshahi city (Mohsin et al., 2007). It has been found to be determined in fresh and polluted waters (Ahmed et al., 1985).
Larving fish have been used occasionally in mosquito control in several countries for several years (Ahmed et al., 1985). Thus, fish responses to different background colors differ significantly depending on fish species and life stage (Papoutsoglou et al., 2005). Previous studies have investigated the effect of background colors on the tension and growth responses of cyprinid carp (Papoutsoglou et al., 2000; Ebrahimi, 2011).
Furthermore, in the ornamental fish sector, several fish species such as goldfish have been studied to show the effects of background color (Eslamloo et al., 2013).
Some Pictures
Tank preparation
Experimental setup
Feeding
Regular Monitoring
Sampling
Measuring weight and length of fish
Preparation of sample for laboratory analysis
Carotenoid content analysis by spectrophotometer
Chapter-4: Results
- Effects of Background Color on Fish Weight
- Effects of Background Color on Fish Length
- Effects of Background Color on Weight Gain
- Effects of Background Color on Length Gain
Fish weight gain was calculated after 15 days (Appendix 3) by subtracting the current sampling weight from the fish weight at the immediate previous sampling (Figure 3). Fish growth was calculated after 15 days (Appendix 4) by subtracting the current sampling length from the fish length at the immediate previous sampling (Figure 4).
Treatments
- Growth Performance of Guppy Fish
- Effects of Background Color on Coloration of Guppy Fish
- Effects of Background Color on Survival Rate of Guppy Fish
- Effect of Background Color on Breeding Performance of Guppy Fish
When analyzing the carotenoid content of the T1 (clear) aquarium, the fish in the T4 (green) aquarium gave more carotenoids than the others (Appendix 9). Breeding efficiency was evaluated based on the number of gilts produced and the time required for farrowing. Among the different colored backgrounds, the experimental fish in the transparent tank had good breeding success (Table-5).
Chapter-5: Discussion
- Effects of background color on fish weight
- Effects of background color on fish length
- Effects of Background color on the growth performance
- Effects of background color on fish coloration
- Effects of background color on survival rate of fish
- Effects of background color on fish breeding
The growth performance of Barfin flounder (Verasper moseri), Eurasian bass (Perca fluviatilis) and sea bream (Diplodus sargus) increased by rearing in transparent tanks (Amiya et al., 2005; Karakatsouli et al., 2007; Strand et al. . , 2007). The significant increase in growth performance of fish raised on a transparent background may be partly due to the high contrast between food and background color and consequently the improvement in food visibility in light tanks, as suggested in other studies (Jentoft et al. al., 2006; Strand et al., 2007). Background color effects on height are similar to the effects on weight and this experiment showed significantly different height values for different treatments (p<0.05).
In this study, mean body weight, length, SGR, weight gain and length were negatively affected by the red background. However, from the study of Opiyo et al. 2014), a higher value of final body weight and SGR was recorded for O. After the completion of the research, the highest content of carotenoids was found in the fish of the transparent tank (mg/g).
In addition, melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) levels in the brain and pituitary hormone were higher in the white tank fish (Amiya et al., 2008). Similar observations were recorded for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) reared on black and white backgrounds, where MCH levels were observed to be remarkably expanded in the pituitary gland of the fish reared on white backgrounds ( Green et al., 1991; Höglund et al., 2002). Similarly, in the study of Yasir and Qin (2009), the red background did not regulate fish color and brightness.
The percentage of survival fish reared in transparent tank recorded the highest value of survival (88.89%), while the fish population reared in red tank showed the lowest percentage survival of 66.67%. From this it is clear that stress stimuli acting on different background colors can be the cause of fish death. The color and orientation of prey, the color of a tank affects the ability of fish larvae to detect, capture and consume food items, which can affect feeding efficiency and survival (Duray et al., 1996; . Martinez-Cardenas and Purser, 2007; McLean et al. ., 2008).
In Nile tilapia, a light blue to blue background can significantly improve survival rates, while the use of a red background should be avoided (McLean et al., 2008). In this study, the reproductive rate of guppies was high in the transparent tank and took less time to reproduce than in the other treatments. The guppy has been reported to produce broods at approximately four-week intervals (Ahmed et al., 1985).
Chapter-6: Conclusions
Chapter-7: Recommendation and Future Perspectives
- Length gain (current sampling length- immediate previous sampling fish length) data of the fishes XTreatme
- Average weight (gm.) data of fishes XTreatme
- Average length (cm) data of fishes X Treatme
- Data of average weight gain (current sampling weight- immediate previous sampling weight) per treatment per sampling
- Data of average length gain (current sampling length- immediate previous sampling fish length) per treatment per sampling X Treatme
- Data of coloration of fish during sampling X Sampling number,
Effects of tank color on melanin-concentrating hormone levels in the brain, pituitary gland, and plasma of the boar fin bone as revealed by a newly developed time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. Effects of colored light and tank color on growth indices and some physiological parameters of juvenile beluga (Huso huso). The effect of environmental color on the growth, metabolism, physiology and skin pigmentation of the carnivorous freshwater catfish, Lophiosilurus alexandri.
Conservation and Management of Ornamental Fish Resources in the Rio Negro River Basin, Amazonia, Brazil - The Piaba Project. Effect of background color and rotifer density on rotifer intake, growth and survival of grouper (Epinephelus suillus) larvae. Effects of rearing tank background color on the growth of common carp, Cyprinus carpio fry.
Effects of background color on survival and growth performance in convict cichlids (Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum) in Aquaculture Europe. Effects of background color on growth performance, skin pigmentation, physiological state and innate immune responses of goldfish, Carassius auratus. Behavioral and neuroendocrine effects of environmental background color and social interaction in Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus).
Effects of vessel wall color and upstream water flow on growth and survival of Eurasian perch larvae (Perca fluviatilis). Effects of light spectrum on growth and physiological status of goldbreast (Sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) reared under recirculating system conditions. Effects of ambient colors on color preference and growth of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum).
Effect of tank color on Artemia intake, growth and survival in cultured early juvenile seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis). Combined effects of stocking density and background color on growth performance and survival of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) reared in aquaria. Effects of background color on growth performance and physiological responses of scaly carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) reared in a closed recirculating system.
Effects of tank color and light intensity on feed intake, growth rate and energy expenditure of young Eurasian perch, Perca fluviatilis L. Effects of rearing conditions on the skin color and stress response of red pig, Pagrus pagrus.
