Table of Contents
Contents Page No
Title Page ⅰ
Authorization ⅱ
Signature Page ⅲ
Acknowledgements ⅳ
List of Publications ⅴ
List of Tables ⅵ
List of Figures ⅶ
List of Abbreviations ⅷ-ⅸ
Abstract ⅹ
Chapter-1: Introduction 1-2
Chapter-2: Rreview of Literature 3-13
2.1 Microalage and Their Potentiality 3
2.2 Growth Phases of Microalgae 4
2.3 Scenedesmus sp. 5-6
2.4 Bold Basal Media 7
2.5 Effect of Different Nutrients on Microalgal Growth and Biochemical Composition
8
2.5.1 Phosphorus 8
2.5.2 Trace Metals 9
2.6 Effect of Nitrogen on Microalgal Growth and Biochemical Composition
10
2.6.1 Proximate Composition 10-11
2.6.2 Cell Growth 12
2.6.3 Pigments 12
2.6.4 Biochemical Properties 13
Chapter-3: Materials and Method 14-22
3.1 Microalga Collection and Culture 14
3.2 Experimental Design 14
3.2.1 Culture Media Preparation 15
3.3 Determination of Growth Curve 16
3.3.1 Determination of Cell Density 16
3.3.2 Determination of Optical Density 16
3.3.3 Determination of Biomass 16-17
3.4 Specific Growth Rate and Cell Doubling Time Estimation 17
3.5 Productivity Estimation 17
3.5.1 Volumetric Productivity 17
3.5.2 Areal Productivity 17-18
3.5.3 Lipid Productivity 18
3.6 Determination of Pigments 18
3.6.1 Determination of Chlorophyll a, b 18
3.6.1.1 Microalgae Extraction 18
3.6.1.2 Determination of Chlorophyll a and b (Dichromatic method)
18-19
3.6.2 Determination of Carotenoid 19
3.6.3 Determination of Phycobiliproteins 19 3.6.3.1 Phycobiliprotein Extraction 19 3.6.3.2 Spectrophotometric Estimation of
Phycobiliproteins
19-20
3.7 Determination of Proximate Composition 20
3.7.1 Protein Determination 20
3.7.2 Lipid Determination 20-21
3.7.3 Carbohydrate Determination 21
3.8 Fatty Acid Analysis 21-22
3.9 Statistical Analysis 22
Chapter-4: Results 23-34
4.1 Growth Curve 23-25
4.2 Pigment 25
4.2.1 Chlorophyll a, b 25-26
4.2.2 Carotenoid 27
4.2.3 Phycobiliprotiens 27-28
4.3 Productivity 29-30
4.4 Proximate Composition 30-31
4.5 Fatty acid Composition 31-34
Chapter-5: Discussion 35-39
5.1 Microalgal Cell Growth 35-36
5.2 Pigment 36-37
5.2.1 Chlorophyll a, b 36
5.2.2 Carotenoid 36-37
5.2.3 Phycobiliproteins 37
5.3 Productivity 37-38
5.4 Proximate Composition 38-39
5.5 Fatty Acid Composition 39
Chapter-6: Conclusions 40
Chapter-7: Recommendation and Future Perspectives 41
References 42-59
Appendices 60-79
Appendix A Media Preparation and Stock Culture of Pure Scenedesmus sp.
60
Appendix B Experiment Set up for Growth Curve Analysis 60 Appendix C Measurement of Cell Density, Optical Density and Dry
Biomass
61
Appendix D Extraction of Chlorophyll 61
Appendix E Microalgae Seed Inoculation and Mass Culture 61 Appendix F Extraction for Carotenoid and Phycobiliprotein
Estimation
62
Appendix G Proximate Composition Analysis 62
Appendix H Fatty Acid Analysis 62
Appendix I One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Cell Density of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
63-64
Appendix J One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Optical Density of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
64-66
Appendix K One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Biomass of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
66-68
Appendix L One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Chlorophyll a of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
68-69
Appendix M One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Chlorophyll b of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
70-71
Appendix N Regression Analysis between Cell Density and Optical Density
71-72
Appendix O Regression Analysis between Cell Density and Biomass 72 Appendix P Regression Analysis between Cell Density and
Chlorophyll a
72-73
Appendix Q Regression Analysis between Cell Density and Chlorophyll b
73
Appendix R One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Carotenoid Content of Scenedesmus sp. under Five Treatments
73
Appendix S One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Phycobiliprotein, Phycocyanin, Allophycocyanin and Phycoerythrin Content of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
74
Appendix T One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Volumetric, Areal and Lipid Productivity, Specific Growth Rate and Cell Doubling Time of Scenedesmus sp. under Five Treatments
75
Appendix U One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Protein, Lipid and Carbohydrate Content of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
75-76
Appendix V One-way Analysis of Variance Examining Fatty Acids of Scenedesmus sp. in Five Treatments
77-79
Brief Bio-Data of the Student 80