and Fazla Rabbi, ID No. in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of B.Sc. Department of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Information Science and Technology Daffodil International University. On this occasion, we declare that this project was made by us under the supervision of Mr.
Quad-Copter is the working principle of the aerial vehicle, which can be applied in various applications. A Quad-Copter can achieve vertical flight in a stable manner and be used to monitor or collect data in a specific region, such as loading a mass. Technological progress has reduced the cost and increased the performance of the basic low-power Ardupilot microcontroller, which allowed the general public to develop their own Quad-Copter.
The purpose of this project is to build, modify and improve an existing Quad-Copter kit to obtain stable flight, collect and store GPS data and perform automatic commands such as automatic landing and return to the landing.
CHAPTER 1
Introduction
Frame
The frame is a very important and basic part of the Quad-copter as it is the main infrastructure of this device. There are many more types of quadcopter frames, such as: Plus, True-X, Square, Hybrid-X, Stretched-X, X-Y6A, H, V and custom size, etc. It is a different shape for different species. works, such as H-shaped design to achieve the purpose, Plus design and X-Y6A for normal operation.
We compare the two types of frame plus and the X-Y6A shape because this type of frame is perfect for our work operations. Finally we choose one type of X-Y6A frame, it is the most popular frame and its control system is very good. For this type of frame, the S500 model frame is the most efficient and makes the frame from a lightweight material [1].
It has a high speed DC transfer PCB board to supply DC voltage in the device.
MOTORS
For robotic, automotive and small actuator applications, BLDC motors rated at 48 V or less are preferred for industrial applications and automation systems. Motors rated at 100 V or more are used. A cordless DC motor can be made in different types of physical configuration depending on the stator winding, there are configurations like single phase, two phase, three phase etc. The working principle of a BLDC motor is similar to a general DC motor and flows according to the Lorentz force law.
Electronic Speed Control (ESC)
Electronic speed control (ESC) is an electronic circuit whose purpose is to change the speed of the electric motor, its direction and possibly act as a dynamic brake. The ESC directly connects the motor, battery and flight controller or receiver, and then controls the motor [3]. One esc has at least 2 wires to connect the battery and 6 wires on the opposite side, 3 wires to connect the motor and 3 wires to connect the flight controller or receiver, another 6 pins for programming purpose.
3 wire to connect the motor in this wire to the left and right side motor power supply and clockwise or counter clockwise spin and middle wire to control speed or RPM of the motor. Red is a positive pin and black or gray is a negative pin and yellow or white is a signal pin. Battery connecting two wires Red and black are connected positive and negative to connect the ESC to the battery and this wire must have a silicone cable because this cable transmits high speed power supply to the motor.
This wire is an input signal receiver or flight controller and the output signal is a middle wire to connect to the motor.
Battery
Nicd battery cells having a voltage of 1.2 volts per cell and lipo battery cells having a voltage of 3.7 volts per cell. Lipo battery capacity indicates either the unit of how much power the total battery pack can hold and is shown in units of milliamp hours (mAh). Lipo battery is usually connected in series because we know that series connection adds all the voltage of the cell and creates a large amount of voltage and we also know that series connection is high voltage.
Propeller
This type of component is lightweight, stores a lot of energy and supplies high voltage, for example. Why we chose the 10”/25.4 cm propeller, because our quadcopter also supported propellers up to 10”/25.4 cm. When the motor turns with the propeller behind it, the propeller continuously pushes the air from top to bottom, causing the quadcopter to fly in the air.
Propellers are made from many different types of materials, such as plastic, carbon fiber, fiberglass, wood, etc.
Transmitter & Receiver
We need to use any transmitter 2.4GHz to support our flight controller and to guide the quad-copter and position. A 2.4GHz transmitter sends control signal and 2.4GHz receiver receives signal and preamble signal from the flight controller on the air. A transmitter is a programmable hand control device that we use to remotely control our quad-copter or aerial vehicle.
We will need any trainer or simulator easy to connect trainer or simulator function plug port. It has quad-copter and any aircraft battery power status to show the battery level when we fly the aircraft and show the transmitter battery level and remember the battery power signal. Model submenu: There are three types of functions that control the model memory, MODEL SELECTION, MODEL COPY and MODEL NAME.
Because these functions are related and all basic functions are used on most models, they are listed together in the Model submenu. We can identify each model very easily because each model has a model name, model type and model number. This allows us to use 15 different device controls for one transmitter. It has 12 built-in channels, 1-4 channels for STK-1 to STK4 (AILE, ELEV, THRO, RUDD) channel 9-12 for servo direction and channel 5-8 for mode change and user-defined switch.
We can see the transmitter showing our each switch and channel working or not working in the transmitter and maximum or minimum working level.
Receiver
This is a 12 channel radio receiver, it has 2.4 GHz DSSS and FHSS technology working side by side to reduce signal interference, it is a 12 channel receiver that signals SBUS and PWM. The receiver indicator is blue (purple) with 12 channels output in total and outputs the SBUS and PWM signal synchronously. The actual amount of the PWM signal output channel depends on that of the SBUS signal output used.
Radio Telemetry
When the two modules are connected correctly, the red light in the module will flash and the connection icon will change from red to green.
Flight controller and GPS Module
YAW / RUDDER 5. AUX 1 (Mode Switch)
AUX 2 (optional) 7. AUX 3 (optional)
- Quad-Copter System Assembly without propeller: -
- Connect Mission Planner to APM: -
- Frame Type: -
- Accelerometer Calibration: -
- Compass Calibration: -
- Radio Calibration: -
- Flight Mode: -
- Fail-Safe Mode: -
Open the mission planner and connect the APM to the mission planner using the micro USB cable to the micro USB port to the USB port. First of all, we need to connect the entire component to the Flight Controller without the propeller. The USB cable is connected to the computer and the Micro USB is connected to the flight controller, and go to the mission planner program, select the port and number, then click the connect button.
Download complete and unplug and connect the flight controller and return connect the mission planner to the flight controller. Go to the installation or setup menu, click the Mandatory Hardware tab and select Frame Type to display the frame type setting "X", Y6A" for X type frame. First of all, hold the device or flight controller in the straight places than click "Calibrate Accel " button and now start Accel Calibration and we can ensure that our device places level position according to the image and press any key on the keyboard.
Show the mission planner message again: "Place the vehicle on the LEFT side and press any key." We place the device on the left side according to the picture, another message will be displayed as the same, just follow according to the picture and finally show the calibration is successful and complete the accelerometer calibration. We select the Mission Planner Mag calibration option and click on the live calibration button. This is the easy option for compass calibration. Quick of all we take care of our Quad-Copter without propeller because it is possible to accidentally turn on the device during the radio transmitter controller calibration process and then turn on our flight controller and radio transmitter and we also make sure that the radio transmitter has all buttons and switches on or off position.
Open the mission planner software and go to the Radio Calibration tab and we will see the radio channel, the switch and the "Calibrate Radio" button. Click the “Calibrate Radio” button and the Mission Planner will send a pop-up window “Make sure your transmitter is on, add the receiver, plugged in and plugged in and make sure your engine has no power, no props!!! ". After Go to the Flight Mode tab and we will see the 6 type of flight mode 1 to 6.
There is some flight mode provision in our flight controller for easy to fly our device and we can set individual flight mode according to our wish. Sometimes receiver does not connect to our transmitter or device loss transmitter signal in this situation our flight controller makes a diction to destination.
CHAPTER- 4 4.1 Camera
Video Transmitter and Receiver
This device is perfect for any drone or RC or DJI to send live video from the air to the ground station. The transmitter connects directly to the camera device, the camera sends video and audio signal to the transmitter and the transmitter sends the same signal to the receiver using wireless communication. This wireless communication system is good for flying devices up to 500m with the provided antenna.
Note: The input power of the transmitter varies from 7-12V, however the voltage from TX to the camera is 0.5V, lower than the input power. Red: V output for your camera, usually 0.5V less than the DC input from the 2-pin connector.
Receiver
The receiver receives high quality video and audio signals with a wideband reception frequency of 5725 to 5865 MHz.
5.1 Comparison
- Discussion and Conclusion
We've heard a lot about the challenges of creating and this project when we're going to do a project like this. It was a wonderful learning experience and we will start creating other Quad-copters in the future, which is why we chose this idea.
Appendix
