DEPARTMENT OF AGROFORESTRY

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Course Curricula and Syllabus for PhD Degree Department of Agroforestry

Bangladesh Agricultural University Mymensingh

April-September Semester

A: Compulsory Courses (9 Credits)

Course Code Course Title Credit

AF 601 AF 603 AF 605

Principles and Practices of Agroforestry Agroforestry Species

Participatory Forestry and Rural Development

3 3 3 B: Elective Courses (3 Credits to be taken)

AF 613 AF 615

Soil Conservation in Agroforestry Medicinal Plants in Agroforestry

3 3 October-March Semester

A: Compulsory Courses (9 Credits)

Course Code Course Title Credit

AF 607 AF 609 AF 611

Agroforestry Components and Interactions Impact Assessment Procedure in Agroforestry Advanced Research Methodology in Agroforestry

3 3 3 B: Elective Courses (3 Credits to be taken)

AF 617 AF 619

Silvicultural Management in Agroforestry

Conservation of Environment through Agroforestry

3 3 Others

Seminar (two) 4

Research Reports (End of first and third year) 4

Research 23

Dissertation evaluation 15

Dissertation defense 6

GRAND TOTAL 76

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 601 Course Title: Principles and Practices of Agroforestry Credit: 3

Course Contents:

Introduction: Concept, characteristics, attributes, history and benefits of agroforestry, present status of forests resources in Bangladesh; scope and prospect agroforestry in Bangladesh.

Categorize agroforestry practices: Components and structures of agroforestry systems, their classification and interlinkages with other farming systems.

Agroforestry systems and Practices: Traditional and other relevant agroforestry systems and technologies, Agrisilvicultural systems, Silvopastural systems, Agrosilvopastural systems, Aqua-forestry and other Agroforestry systems.

Agroforestry systems practiced in Bangladesh.

Agroforestry systems practiced in other tropical countries: India, China, Indonesia, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Philippines.

Agroforestry systems in Temperate region: Agrosilvicultural uses of windbreaks &

shelterbelts, silvopastoral system in woodland, livestock grazing in managed plantation, current temperate-zone agroforestry systems and intercropping under hardwood species.

Evaluation of Agroforestry systems: Methodology for evaluating Agroforestry systems, Productivity evaluation, Sustainability evaluation, and Adoptability evaluation.

References:

Mosquera-Losada, M.R., Prabhu, R. 2019. Agroforestry for sustainable agriculture. Burleigh dodds Science publishing limited, ISBN-13: 9781786762207.

Parthiban, K.T., Jude, R. Sudhagar, C. Cinthia Fernandaz and K.K. Suresh (eds.). 2017.

Agroforestry Strategies for climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation. Jaya publishing house.

Chaturvedi, O.P. and A. Venkatesh (eds.). 2009. Agroforestry: Natural Resources Sustainability, Livelihood and Climate Moderation. Satish Serial publishing house.

Daizy Rani Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli, Shibu Jose and Harminder Pal Singh (eds.). 2007.

Ecological Basis of Agroforestry. CRC Press.

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Huxley, P.A. 1999. Tropical Agroforestry. Blackwell Sciences.

Louise E. Buck, James P. Lassoie, and Erick and C.M. Fernandes. 1998. Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. CRC Press.

Haque, M.A. (ed.) 1996. Agroforestry in Bangladesh. VFFP, BAU, Mymensingh and SDC, Dhaka.

Jha, L.K. 1995. Advances in Agroforestry. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

Nair, P.K.R. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Mellink, W; Y.S. Rao and K.G. Mac Dicken (eds), 1991. Agroforestry in Asia and the Pacific. RAPA, FAO and Winrock International, Bangkok, Thailand.

Zabala, N.Q. 1990. Development of Professional Education in the Forestry Sector. IFCU, Chittagong and FAO, Rome, Italy

Zhaohua, Z; C. Mantang; W. Shiji and J. Youxu (eds.), 1991. Agroforestry Systems in China.

The Chines Academy of Forestry and IDRC, Canada.

Nair, P.K.R. 1987. Agroforestry Systems Inventory. Agroforestry Systems 5: 301-317.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 603 Course Title: Agroforestry Species Credits: 3

Introduction: Concepts of agroforestry species. Guidelines in the selection of agroforestry species.

Woody Perennials in Agroforestry: Classification, characteristic and role in various agroforestry systems development.

Multipurpose Trees & Shrubs (MPTS) in Agroforestry: Concept, biology and ecology of indigenous and exotic multipurpose trees; selection of MPTS and other woody perennials for different agroforestry systems in different agro-ecological zones of Bangladesh.

Agroforestry Species Management: Silvan features study, different management activities- root spread, canopy growth, litter fall and phenophases of agroforestry different species.

Improvement of Agroforestry species: Improvement of varieties through selection procedure, introduction of adaptable exotic species, their production & distribution, tree improvement through vegetative propagation and grafting techniques.

References:

Sinha, S.K. 2013. A text Book of Plant Taxonomy. Anmol Publication. Pvt. Ltd.

Tod F. Stuessy. 2009. Plant Taxonomy: The Systematic Evaluation of Comparative Data, Second edition. Columbia University Press.

Hasanuzzaman, S.M., Tshitila, S. Maiti, B.R. Kaini, Z. Ahmed and D.S.A. Wijesundara (eds.). 2006. Guide on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of SAARC Countries. SAIC, BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh.

Louise E. Buck, James P. Lassoie, and Erick and C.M. Fernandes. 1998. Agroforestry in Sustainable Agricultural Systems. CRC Press.

Bandyopadhyay, A. K. 1997. A text Book Agroforestry with Applications. UBS Publishers Distributors Ltd. New Delhi, India.

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Khan, M.S. and M. K. Alam. 1996. Homestead flora of Bangladesh. BRAC, IDRC, SDC, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Jha, L. K. 1995. Advances in Agroforestry. APH publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

MacDicken. K. G. 1994. Selection and Management of Nitrogen-Fixing Trees. Morriltion, Arkansas: Winkrock International, and Bankok : FAO.

Nair, P. K. R. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Julian Evans. 1992. Plantation forestry in the tropics. Oxford University press.

Das, D. K. 1990. List of Bangladesh Village Tree Species. Forest Research Institute, Chittagong.

Huq, A. M. 1986. Plant Names of Bangladesh. Bangladesh National Herbarium, 220, Green Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 605 Course Title: Participatory Forestry and Rural Development Credits: 3

Introduction: Concept, benefit, objectives of participatory forestry; global and regional history of participatory forestry; overview of participatory forestry programs in South Asia;

prospect of participatory forestry in Bangladesh.

Stakeholder Analysis: Stakeholders in people-oriented forestry programs; analysis of macro-micro levels stakeholders; leadership in participatory forestry; stakeholders’ power, influence and interest in participatory forestry; role of women in participatory forestry.

Governance: Enabling environment for participatory forestry; participatory forestry polices; rules and regulations of participatory forestry in Bangladesh; decentralization and devolution of power in participatory forestry; governance structure of participatory forestry in Bangladesh; women empowerment in participatory forestry.

Management: Participatory, joint and co-management approaches in participatory forestry;

community-based management in participatory forestry; planning, designing, monitoring and evaluation of participatory forestry programs.

Rural Development: the notion of community and community development; goals and strategies; conceptual framework and competing theories; role of community leaders in participatory forestry; participation; property rights in participatory forestry; linkage between participatory forestry and community development; common property resources and collective action in community development.

Economics of Participatory Forestry: Analysis of cost-benefit of an ideal participatory forestry program; net present value, annual fixed and variable costs, annual equivalent value and internal rate of return in participatory forestry programs; calculation of cost-benefit and net income in a typical participatory forestry program.

References:

▪ Islam, K. K. and Hyakumura, K. 2018. Political economy of participatory forestry in Bangladesh. In: Alam, K. (ed.), Bangladesh: Economic, Political and Social Issues. Nova Science Publishers, USA. pp.47-65.

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▪ Ghosh, S. K. and Singh, R. 2015. Social forestry and forest management. Global Vision Publishing House, New Delhi, India.

▪ Divya, M.P. and K.T. Parthiban (eds.). 2014. Social Forestry and Agroforestry. Satish Serial publishing house.

▪ Islam, K.K. and Sato Noriko. 2013. People oriented forest management in Bangladesh.

LAP Lambert Academic Publishing, Germany.

▪ Fox, J., Bushley, B.R., Miles, W. B. and Quazi, S. A. (eds.). 2008. Connecting communities and conservation: Collaborative management in protected areas in Bangladesh. Published by East-West Center and Bangladesh Forest Department.

▪ Arnold, J. E. M. 2001. Forest and People: 25 Years of community forestry. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Publication, United Nation, Rome, Italy.

▪ Tiwari, K.M. and Singh, R. V. 1990. Social forestry plantation. Oxford and IBH publication Co. Ltd., New Delhi, India.

▪ Manno, V.C. 1986. Community forestry handbook. Field document no. 1, Asian Development Bank (ADB) community forestry project (UNDP/FAO/BFD/81/018) publication.

▪ Rao, M.S. 1979. Introduction to social forestry. Oxford and IBH Publishing Company Limited, London, UK.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 607 Course Title: Agroforestry Components and Interactions Credits: 3

Course Contents:

• Introduction and concepts of agroforestry components.

• Concept, nature, types and processes of component interactions.

• Principles of resource capture and utilization of light, water and nutrients; Efficient use of growth resources for maximizing the overall productivity.

• Ecological interactions between Agroforestry components, competition between the components for growth resources.

• Microclimate modification in Agroforestry.

• Methods for quantification of total yield, components yield, tree-crop interactions effect and Land Equivalent Ratio (LER)

• Analytical approach to productivity and management of mixed cropping of annual and woody perennial species, water balance of mixed tree–crop systems.

• Tree-Soil-Crop interaction on slopes.

• Root distribution of trees and crops: Competition and / or complementary.

References:

Ong, C.K. C.R. Black and J. Wilson (eds.) 2015. Tree-crop interactions: agroforestry in a changing climate. CABI International.

Nuberg, I., B. George, R. Reid (eds.). 2009. Agroforestry for Natural Resource Management.

Csiro Publishing.

Chaturvedi, O.P. and A. Ventatesh (eds.). 2009. Agroforestry: Natural Resources Sustainability, Livelihood and Climate Moderation. Satish Serial publishing house.

Ong, C.K. and P.A. Huxley. 1999. Tree-crop Interaction: A Physiological Approach. CABI Publishing.

Huxley, P.A. 1999. Tropical Agroforestry. Blackwell Sciences.

Alam, M.K.; F.U. Farid and S.M.R. Amin (eds.). 1997. Agroforestry: Bangladesh Perspective. APAN, NAWG and BARC.

Nair, P.K.R. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry, Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Vandermeer. J. 1989. The Ecology of Intercropping.

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Department of Agroforestry Bangladesh Agricultural University

Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 609 Course Title: Impact Assessment Procedure in Agroforestry Credits: 3

Impact assessment in relation to Agroforestry: Agroforestry and environmental impact assessment (IA) and their process, scope, Advantages and disadvantages of IA. The functions and use of IA, sustainability and dimension in IA. Actos, resources and constraints in agroforestry IA.

Agroforestry impact assessment intervention: Importance and process of agroforestry adoption, Implication of strategies and interventions in Agroforestry. Planning and monitoring of agroforestry interventions, scaling issues in agroforestry, steps in monitoring and planning, Selection of impact indicators, development and applications of impact monitoring methods, Impact assessment.

Data collection and surveys in farm and village level: Formal data collection and analysis, designing survey forms, budget analysis, farming systems analysis and farmer participatory research. On-site and off-site impact assessment approaches, limiting factors in crop and tress production affected by soil, wind and water erosion. Different cost- benefit analysis of agroforestry production systems, multicriteria analysis (MCA) in agroforestry, indicators and criteria in MCA.

Strategies and policies: Achieving local impacts and building social capital, incentives in agroforestry management, achieving wide-scale impacts and scaling up, scaling-up sustainable agroforestry production system in Bangladesh and globally.

References

Franzel, S and Denning, G.L. 2003. Scaling-up the benefits of agroforestry research: lessons learned and research challenges. Development in Practices, London.

Ribot, J. C. 2002. Democratic decentralization of natural resources: institutionalizing popular participation. Washington DC.

Barrow, C. J. 1995. Developing the environment: problems and management. Lomgman Scientific and Technical Publication, Science.

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Janssen, R and Herwijnen, M. 1993. Definite: a multi-objectives decision support for environmental management. Kluwer Academic Publication, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

Kooten, G.C. 1993. Land resource economics and sustainable development: economic policies and the common good. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver.

Colombo, A. G. 1992. Environmental Impact Assessment, Kluwer Academic Publication, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.

Berkes F. 1989. Common Property Resources: Ecology and community based sustainable development. Belhaven Press, London.

Blaikie, P and Book field, H. 1987. Land degradation and Society. Methuen Press, London.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 611 Course Title: Advanced Research Methodology in Agroforestry Credits: 3

• General discussions on research issues in Agroforestry; principles of field experiment in Agroforestry.

• Differences between field crop and agroforestry experimentation.

• Problem identification, developing program of research with written study plan.

• Correlation and Regression analysis for agroforestry experiment.

• Basic experimental designs: CRD, RCBD, LSD and Split-plot; Designing and management of Agroforestry experiment; Special designs for Agroforestry experiments,

• Implementation of Agroforestry research

• Methods of data collection.

• Data analysis: Orientation to computer system for data analysis with computer package program.

• Interpretation of research results for report/thesis writing.

References:

Avery, M.E.; M.G.R. Cannell and C. Ong (eds.). 1990. Biophysical Research for Asian Agroforestry. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Burch, W.R. (ed.), 1990 Applications of Social Science: Theory and Methods to Agroforestry Research. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Raintree, J.B. 1986. D & D user’s manual: an introduction to Agroforestry diagnosis and design. ICRAF, Nairobi.

Huxley, P.A. (ed.), 1986. A manual of methodology for the exploration of multipurpose trees (MPTs). ICRAF, Nairobi.

Bentley, W.R. 1985. Agroforestry: a strategy for research and action in India. Ford Foundation New Delhi.

Gomez, K.A. and Gomez, A.A. 1984. Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. 2nd Edition. John voiley and Sons, New York.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 613 Course Title: Soil Conservation in Agroforestry Credits: 3

• Concept of soil conservation, role of agroforestry in soil conservation and sustainability.

• Agroforestry practices for soil erosion control.

• Agroforestry for maintenance of soil fertility and productivity: soil fertility and degradation, effect of trees on soil, trees and shrubs for soil improvement.

• Concept and role NFTs in soil conservation, microsymbionts and nutrient recycling in Agroforestry system.

• Soil-Agroforestry related hypothesis and its application in soil conservation.

• Soil conservation and management of upland soils (hilly areas) of Bangladesh.

References:

Chaturvedi, O.P. and A. Venkatesh (eds.). 2009. Agroforestry: Natural Resources Sustainability, Livelihood and Climate Moderation. Satish Serial publishing house.

Young, A. 2000. Agroforestry for Soil Management, 2^nd Edition. CABI Publishing.

Singh, P., Pathok, P.P.S. and Roy, M.M. (eds.) 1999. Agroforestry for Sustainable Land Use.

Oxford and IBH publishing.

Young, A. 1989. Agroforestry for Soil Conservation. CABI Publishing and ICRAF, Nairobi.

Lal. R. (ed.). 1988. Soil erosion Research Methods. Soil and Water conservation Society of North America. Ankeny, IOWA, USA.

Moldenhauer, W.C. and N. W. Hudson (eds.). 1988. Conservation Farming on Steep lands.

Soil and water conservation Society of North America, Ankeny, IOWA, USA.

Greenland, D.J. and R. Lal (eds.). 1977. Soil Conservation and Management in the Humid Tropics. Wiley, Chichester, UK.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 615 Course Title: Medicinal Plants in Agroforestry Credits: 3

• Introduction to common medicinal plants, their role in herbal medical science.

• Morph-physiological characteristics, propagation and growth of medicinal plants commonly found in Bangladesh.

• General introduction on useful parts of selected medicinal plants used in treating common diseases.

• Selection and improvement of medicinal plants regarding its medicinal value.

• Accommodation, production and conservation of medicinal plants in different Agroforestry systems.

• Medicinal plants in the development of herbal industry.

References:

Hasanuzzaman, S.M., Tshitila, S. Maiti, B.R. Kaini, Z. Ahmed and D.S.A. Wijesundara (eds.). 2006. Guide on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of SAARC Countries. SAIC, BARC Complex, Farmgate, Dhaka-1215, Bangladesh.

Alam, M.K., F.U. Ahmed and S.M.R. Amin (eds.). 1997. Agroforestry: Bangladesh Perspective. APAN, NAWG and BRAC.

Jha, L.K. 1995. Advance in Agroforestry. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

Wagner, H and N.R. Farnsworth (eds.). Economic and Medicinal Plant Research. Academic Press Limited. U.K.

Ayensu, E.S. 1985. The Healing Plants. Unasylva.

Dastur, J.F. 1977. Medicinal Plants of India and Pakistan. D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co Pvt. Ltd., India.

Baquar, S.R. and M. Tasnif. Medicinal Plants of Southern West Pakistan, Central Laboratories, Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Karachi, Pakistan.

Ahluwalia, K.S. 1962. British Pharmaceuticals Codex Plants and Their Indian Substitutes.

Ministry of Health, Govt. of India.

Batter, E., J.F. Caius and K.S. Mhaskar. Indian Medicinal Plants. Periodical Experts, D-42.

Vivek Vihar; New Delhi.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 617 Course Title: Silvicultural Management in Agroforestry Credits: 3

Introduction: Concepts and basic principles of silviculture, need for silvicultural practices in Agroforestry.

Silvicultural systems: Clear felling system, uniform system, group system, irregular shelter wood system, strip system, wedge system and selection system.

Regeneration and nursery operation: Natural and artificial regeneration of tree species, forest nursery and its management in agroforestry.

Forest management in Bangladesh: Concepts of Bangladesh forest, silvicultural management in forestland agroforestry with particular reference to hill forest, mangrove forest, sal forest and homestead forest.

Tree management technologies in Agroforestry: Plantation, establishment & replacement techniques, tending operation and protection of planting stocks, training and pruning for desired canopy structures, root & shoot management techniques under different Agroforestry systems.

Measurement of trees and forest: Measuring of diameter and girth, height, tree stem form, volume biomass, age and growth.

References:

Montagnini, F. and Mark S Ashton (eds.). 2010. The Silvicultural Basis for Agroforestry Systems. CRC Press.

Mayhew, J and A.C. Newton. 1998. The silviculture of Mahogony. CABI publishing.

Alam, M.K.; F.U. Ahmed and S.M.R. Amin (eds.), 1997. Agroforestry: Bangladesh perspective. APAN, NAWG and RARC.

Srivastava, M.B. 1997. Introduction to Forestry. Vikas Publ. House, Bangalore, India.

Jha, L. K. 1995. Advance in Agroforestry. APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi.

Philip, M.S., 1994. Measuring Trees and Forests. 2^nd Edition. CABI Publishing.

Dwivedi, A.P. 1992. Agroforestry: Principles and Practices. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co.

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Matthew. J.K.; C.L. Bruce and D.O. Chaduick. 1992. The Ecology and Silviculture of Mixed- species Forests. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Savill, P.S. 1991. The silviculture of Trees used in British Forestry. CABI Publishing.

Zabala, N.Q. 1991. Silvicultural Systems. IFCU, Chittagong and FAO, Rome, Italy.

Zabala, N.Q. 1990. Principles and Practice of Silviculture. IFCU, Chittagong and FAO, Rome Italy.

Shepherd, K.R. 1986. Plantation Silvicuture. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Duryea, M.L. and T.D. Landis. 1984. Forestry Nursery Manual: Production of Bareroot Seedling. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Prakash, R. and L.S. Khanna. 1983. Theory and Practice of Silvicultural Systems.

International Book Distributions. Dehra Dun, Indian.

Pirone, P.P. 1978. Tree Maintenance. Oxford Univ. Press. New York.

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Mymensingh

Course Code: AF 619 Course Title: Conservation of Environment through Agroforestry Credits: 3

• Concepts, principles and objectives of environmental conservation and management.

Introduction to climate science and climate change: component of climate changes, climate variabilities, factors contributing to climate change, climate intensification, climate changes impact on natural and human systems, climate change impacts on agriculture, food security and human health.

• Nature and major component of environment: physical, chemical, biological, and meteorological environment.

• Environmental issues: Deforestation & desertification, CO2 and other greenhouse gas emission, global warming, sea level rise, ozone layer depletion, acid rain etc.

• Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): Principles and methods of EIA, EIA guides prescribed by FAO, EIA on natural and plantation forests.

• Environmental policies: National Environmental policy 1992, National conservation strategy 1992, National environmental Management Action Plan (NEMAP) 1995, Chronology of major environmental initiatives, environmental conservation Act 1995.

• Mitigation and adaptation of climate change: environmental protection and biodiversity management through agroforestry, agroforestry and ecosystems services, agroforestry as greenhouse gas emission mitigation, carbon sequestration and enhance resilience.

References:

Parthiban, K.T., Jude, R. Sudhagar, C. Cinthia Fernandaz and K.K. Suresh (eds.). 2017.

Agroforestry Strategies for climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation. Jaya publishing house.

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Innes, J.L. and H.A. Hasan (eds.). 2000. Air pollution and the Forests of Developing and Rapidly Industrializing Countries. CABI Publishing.

Angelsen, A. and D. Kaimowitz. 1999. Agricultural Technologies and Tropical Deforestation. CABI Publishing.

Miller. G.T. 1999. Environmental Science. Longman Group Ltd. England.

Timothy O’Riodran, 1995. Environmental Science for Environmental Management.

Longman Group Ltd. England.

Nair, P.K.R. 1993. An Introduction to Agroforestry. Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Trivedi, R.N. 1993. A Text Book of Environmental Sciences. Anmol Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.