I hereby declare that this project report has been prepared by me under the supervision of Tanvir Ahmed Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daffodil International University. I also certify that neither this project nor any part of this project has been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. Firstly, I have expressed my gratitude to Almighty Allah for His divine blessing allowing me to complete this project successfully.
I am grateful to my supervisor Tanvir Ahmed Chowdhury, Assistant Professor, Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Daffodil International University. His endless patience, scientific guidance, constant encouragement, energetic supervision, constructive criticism, valuable advice, reading many inferior drafts and correcting them at all stages have made it possible to complete this project. In this project report, I will give a brief explanation about polyester woven fabric types and their characteristics why a stenter finish should be used.
For this research I used ten different types of fabrics such as Polyester Oxford (Plain 1/1), Rib Slipe (Plain), Polyester Twill (Twill 2/2), Polyester Twill (Twill 2/2), TC Herringbone (2/ 1. For the accurate measurement, I have made two tables to understand the relationship between the change in GSM percentage after stentering under different overfeeding percentages and similar changes in fabric width after stentering under different overfeeding % and the change in Ends per inch and Pics per inch after stentering under different overfeed percentage and finally of the shrinkage percentage in warp way and the shrinkage% in weft way after stentering by different overfeed percentage of stenter machine.
Objective
Any fabric can be processed in this machine after/before dyeing, it would be knitted fabric or woven fabric or other fabric. Stenter finishing is used to control shrinkage, GSM, fabric diameter using bottom and top feed system. Some fabrics such as polyester, cotton, CVC, polyester + cotton blend, polyester + viscose blend, Lycra, etc. can be processed in the crimping machine.
The HAIDA stenter machine has eight chambers and each chamber has been developed with a heater, a gas burner and a fan. As the fabric passes through the channels, the heat goes through the holes and the fan distributes the temperature evenly everywhere with the air flow. Know how to control the width and length of the fabric with a certain temperature and speed of the machine.
Stenter machine is a finishing machine widely used to finish woven and knitted fabric stenter. Stenter machine is used for various purposes of woven material that is dry the wet fabric, control GSM, Shrinkage, widely used for fabric width and fabric length control and some chemical finishing.
Specification of stenter machine
Stentering is a finishing process used to control fabric width, fabric length, shrinkage, fabric weight and fabric shade color. Find out the width and length of the fabric before and after pressing and calculate their % change. Water-repellent finish: A water-repellent finish is a surface modification that reduces the penetration of water into the fabric.
And the feed roller that helps feed the fabric through the machine from the pre-treated area. Spreading roller: This roller is used to help spread the fabric and reduce the tendency of the fabric to curl. As the fabric moves through the dip roller into the fabric softener tank, the fabric takes up finishing chemical solution that is pushed out with pad and excess solution is removed.
Softener Tank: Water and other finishing chemicals are taken by prescription into this tank for application to the surface of the fabric. This device recognizes the bend and uses a roller to remove the bend defect from the fabric. From this table, I can explain that the GSM of plain polyester oxfort (1/1) fabric increases by 20.88% when the treated temperature is 180°C and the overload is 3%.
The plain fabric with ribbed slide reduces 3.62% when the temperature is 170°C and overfeed 2% at machine speed of 30.2m/min. From this table, I can explain that the EPI of plain polyester oxfort fabric (1/1) decreases by 9.17% when the processing temperature is 180°C and the overfeed is 3% and the machine speed was 25m/min. The plain fabric with ribbed slide is reduced by 2.04% when the temperature is 170°C and overfeed by 2% at the machine speed of 30.2m/min.
Plain taffeta fabric (1/1) increases by 0% when temperature is 160°C and overfeed 2% at machine speed 35m/min. From this table I can explain that PPI of plain polyester oxford fabric (1/1) increases 5.3% when treated temperature is 180°C and overfeed 3% and machine speed was 25m/min. Plain fabric with rib slip decreases 3.15% when temperature is 170°C and overfeed 2% at machine speed 30.2m/min.
From this table I can explain that EPI of polyester oxford (1/1) plain fabric decreases by 75% when the treated temperature is 180°C and the overfeeding is 3%. Rib-slip plain fabric reduces the 0% when the temperature is 170°C and the overfeed 2% with machine speed 30.2 m/min. Taffeta plain (1/1) fabric increases the 0% when the temperature is 160°C and the overfeed 2% with machine speed 35 m/min.
From this table I can explain that the PPI of polyester Oxford (1/1) plain fabric decreases by 50.12% when the treated temperature is 180°C and the overfeed is 3% and the machine speed is 25 m/min.
Operation of stenter machine
Different parts of a stenter machine
Working procedure of stenter machine
Stentering
Objectives of stentering
Process in stentering………………………………………...7-8
Hard finish: Hard finish makes the fabric stiffer and gives them more body by adding certain chemicals. Machine parts Feeding roller, Spreading roller, Padding, Over-feeding roller, Under-feeding roller, chain arrangement, burner, nozzle, air fan, suction fan and feeding roller. Mixing Tank: This tank is used to mix all the finishing chemicals and prepare for padding mange for application to the fabric surface.
Feed roller: Feed roller is an important roller in this machine which is used to control the GSM goods. I researched ten different woven polyester fabrics with different properties before feeding them into the stenter machine. Measured GSM before and after stenter using a GSM cutter and an electric scale.
In this table I can see the change of GSM (grams per square meter) from before stenting and after stenting of different woven polyester fabrics. In this table I can see the change of (per. PPI Picks inch) from before stenting and after stenting of. In this table I can see the change of (per EPI Ends inch) shrinkage% from before stenting and after.
In this table I (at . I can see the PPI Picks inch change) crimp % before and after stenter of various woven polyester fabrics. After the compression process of different polyester fabrics, I observed that the GSM (20.88%) changes when the flow rate (%) is high, and the GSM changes little (-1.105) when the flow rate (%) is low. After the pressing process of different polyester woven fabrics, I observed that the percentage variation of EPI decreases (-9.17%) with the increase of overfeed (%) and tension, and somewhere the EPI increases (4.91%) with the increase of overfeed. percent.
Calculation of finishing chemical
Different parts name of stenter machine…………………….13-17
