This confirms that the thesis entitled “Effect of absorber rock on the performance of solar still” is the result of the research carried out by the author under the supervision of Dr. The effectiveness of a solar still can be analyzed from several points. of positions that take different parameters into account. Over time, several changes have been made and research has been done to find the factors that improve solar energy performance.
However, in our experiments initiatives were taken to study the performance of a simple passive solar that still had black rock as the absorbing medium.
Passive solar still
Of the two above, the single-slope solar still is more versatile and efficient than the double-slope solar.
Features of passive solar system
The effects of coal and charcoal on solar still operation are studied by Okeke, Egarievwe and Animalu 1990. Tiwari (2005) presented a thermal analysis of passive and active solar still using the solar fraction concept within the solar still using AUTOCAD 2000 for given solar azimuths and elevations and latitude, longitude of the place. Our experiment was carried out based on a simple construction of a solar still using black rock as an absorber medium.
To serve the same purpose, the aim of this study is to improve the performance of a simple solar boiler. Black colored rocks were used as an absorbing medium and the aim was to study the effect of such an absorbing medium on the performance of a simple solar panel. A solar distillation distills water, uses the sun's heat to evaporate, cool it, and then collect the water. This article attempts to improve the efficiency of a simple model of a solar still.
The effect of such an absorber medium on the productivity of solar equipment is analyzed by comparing the yield of a simple solar still without the use of any absorber medium with the yield of a simple solar rod using rock as absorber medium. The increase in production of pure water explains that the use of such type of absorbing medium has a great effect on the productivity of a solar still system. In this work, the effect of using black colored rock as absorbing medium on the performance of a simple sunlight still during the sunlight period and after sunset is investigated experimentally.
Considering all these properties of stone, a prediction was made that using stone as an absorbing medium will increase the yield of solar heat. During the sunshine hours, the black-colored stone absorbent medium provides more fresh water compared to a solar system that does not use any absorbent medium. In this work, the obtained experimental results help to establish the previously predicted effect of this certain modification on the performance of a simple solar cell.
Consequently, the potential of a solar still system is considerably high. In this paper, the effect of black colored rock absorber medium on the productivity of a simple passive solar energy equipment is analyzed and also the optimum parameters are selected for a cheap and effective design.
Water Impurities
The productivity of the still was quite low, mainly due to heat loss by convective currents in the large air space, and also by loss of latent heat of condensation to the air through the glass cover. The estimated efficiency variation was 3% to 40%, with an average of 19%. The removal of salinity by the installation is almost 100%. This is how we get fresh water in the clouds from the oceans, through solar distillation.
In Bangladesh, a large number of people do not have access to fresh water in the coastal regime.
Common methods to purify water ........................................................................... 7-9
- Granular Activated Carbon adsorption
- Distillation
- Reverse osmosis
- Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD)
- Desalination
- Electrolytic water treatment
Salinity: ............................................................................................................... 10-13
- Ground water salinity
- River satinity
In this circumstance, the dominant livelihood agriculture is severely affected including soil and groundwater degradation, health problems and long-term effect on the ecosystem. The study by the Land Resources Development Institute (SRDI) found that, from 2000 to 2009, saltwater intrusion increased up to 15 km north of the coast and in the dry season reached up to 160 km inland , also entering other inland coastal districts. due to low flows from upstream rivers. Accordingly, this article explored the experience of local people with salt intrusion on the inland coast of the SW region [23].
This scenario of gradual intrusion of salinity in the coastal zone of Bangladesh is very threatening to the primary production system, coastal biodiversity and human health. The total amount of land affected by salinity in Bangladesh was 83.3 million hectares in 1973, which had increased to 102 million hectares in 2000, and the amount has increased to 105.6 million hectares in 2009 and continues to increase (Soil Resources Development Institute (SRDI) , 2010). Recently, the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Seed Survey, funded by USAID, has identified 12 districts of Bangladesh as salinity affected areas through GIS mapping[24].
Now, Bangladesh is facing another environmental and health threat due to rising salinity levels in drinking water supplies (Khan et al, 2008). The main cause of increased salinity levels is saltwater intrusion into the groundwater both in exposed and inland coastal areas. Currently, 2.5 million poor (including 1.4 million extremely poor) in this part of Bangladesh already suffer from a lack of drinking water and irrigation water for agriculture during the dry season.
Studies show that the increasing salinity of river water would adversely affect the livelihoods of 2.9 million poor and 1.7 million extremely poor even in the best-case scenario of the future. In the worst-case future scenario for the salinity intrusion considered, 5.2 million poor and 3.2 million extremely poor people will be adversely affected.
Impact of taking saline water
Solar irradiation in Bangladesh
Rock(Metal slag)property
Salt concentration in sea water
- Water salinity based on dissolved salts
- Brackish water
- potable water
Howe and Tleimat [9] reviewed 20 years of work on solar distillation performed at the Seawater Conversion Laboratory, University of California is also a milestone in solar station studies. From a study using charcoal as absorbent medium gives 15% improvement in productivity worked by Mona M. Abd El Kawib[10] Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt. Therefore, clean water obtained from the solar accumulator can be mixed with feed water before consumption provided that the feed water is free of other impurities.
To find the effect of black colored rock absorber medium during the period when the daylight disappears. Due to certain thermal properties of rock, as mentioned earlier, the absorber medium spreads heat even after the sunlight has disappeared. By observing all the experimental results, it can be predicted that the use of rock absorber medium along with other improvements and modifications can increase the efficiency of solar stills to a significantly higher extent.
10] Non-conventional solar stills with carbon particles as absorbing medium, Mona M. 1972), Some factors influencing the absorption of solar radiation in solar stills. and double-slope solar arrays under Indian and arid zone conditions, solar performance of ribbed and corrugated absorber solar arrays under.
Objective
- Solid works model design
- Specifications of the Solar Still
- Materials of the still
- Glass property
- Experimental investigations
- Equipment used for collecting data
- Pictures of working model
- Experiment Procedure
- Experimental parameters
- Data & Calculation
- Efficiency Calculation
- Irradiation in Dhaka
- Observation
- Total surface area of the still
- Construction cost estimate of solar still
Distillation[16] works by the escape of mobile molecules from the surface of the water into the gases above it. While a certain amount of energy is needed to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water from 0 °C to 100 °C. For example, common table salt does not vaporize until it reaches over 1400 °C, so it remains in brine when the water evaporates.
Gently steaming it away does the same job as boiling, except that in the heat of the sun it will usually be even purer because the breaking bubbles during boiling can contaminate the product water with tiny droplets of liquid water swept along with the steam. Energy passing through a glass cover heats brine or seawater in a pan; this causes the water to evaporate. The steam then rises and condenses on the underside of the lid and runs down into the distillate trough.
The sun's energy in the form of short electromagnetic waves passes through a clear glass surface such as glass. When this light strikes a darkened surface, it changes wavelength and becomes a long wave of heat that is added to the water in a shallow pool beneath the glazing. The vapor condenses on the underside of the cooler glazing and collects in water droplets or water layers.
The combination of gravity and the inclined glass surface allows the water to flow down the cover into the sump where it is directed to storage. A certain depth of water is set and the temperature of the water inlet and the temperature of the dry and wet thermometer are measured. Q = amount of distilled water collected per day (liter/day) 2.26 = latent heat of vaporization of water (MJ/liter).
Top surface + Bottom surface + Right surface + Left surface + Front surface + Back surface.
In October we observed bubbles forming in the water, but the bubbles do not move to the top surface or collapse. It takes at least 5 to 6 hours for condensation to begin, which we see as droplets in the glass wall. This year, due to the long rainy season, we were unable to collect more data for our experiment.
1] Study on a family size solar desalination plant for the coastal region of Bangladesh, a thesis by md. 3] Effect of various absorbent materials on the thermal performance of sunscreens, Salah Abdallah, Mazen M.Abu-Khader, Omar Badran, Desalination, Volume 242, Issues 1–3, June 2009, Pages 128-137. Tiwari, “Thermal modeling of passive and active solar stills for different depths of water using the concept of solar fraction”, Solar Energy.
Tleimat, Twenty years of work on solar distillation at the University of California, Solar Energy. 17] Purification of water Control room and schematics of the water purification plant to Lac de Bret, Switzerland. 23] Effect of Salinity on Food Security in the Context of Inland Coast of Bangladesh, Tanzinia Khanom, Ocean & Coastal Management, Volume 130, October 2016, Pages 205-212.
24] Causes of salinity intrusion in the coastal belt of Bangladesh, Md. Mahmuduzzaman, Zahir Uddin Ahmed, A. K. M. Nuruzzaman, Fazle Rabbi Sadeque Ahmed, International Journal of Plant Research. 25] https://www.ircwash.org/news/introducing-swibangla-project. [26] https://www.thethirdpole.netlimate-change-drives-up-river-salinity-in-bangladesh/).
