The use of biogas as an alternative fuel for electricity managed by generators has been studied. This project will discuss the biogas production technology from domestic waste, especially human manure; it contains three chapters to explain the process of biogas production systems and the potential of biogas production.
B IOGAS C ONCEPT OF B IOGAS E NERGY
Sources of Energy
Sources of Energy
Conventional Sources of Energy
This energy is in the form of solar radiation, which enables the production of solar energy. We have used energy from the sun to provide power for many years, in the form of solar calculators and other small, low-energy devices.
ADVANTAGES
Unconventional energy sources used for electrical energy on a smaller scale, which comes from renewable energy sources. Solar energy relies on man-made devices such as solar panels or solar cells to provide a source of clean and cheap renewable energy.
DISADVANTAGES
Solar energy is vital to life on Earth; it helps grow our food, light our days, influence weather patterns, provide heat and can be used to generate solar energy. Wind is also used to turn large millstones to grind wheat or corn, just as a water wheel is powered by water power.
Biomass
When these carbohydrates are burned, they turn into carbon dioxide and water and release the sun's energy they contain. As long as the biomass is produced sustainably - with as much used as it is grown - the battery will last indefinitely.
Bio-gas
Biomass energy: all organic materials that can be burned and used as a fuel source. Biomass is a renewable energy source because the energy it contains comes from the sun. Through the process of photosynthesis, chlorophyll in plants captures the sun's energy by converting carbon dioxide from the air and water from the soil into carbohydrates, complex compounds consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
Hydropower
For example, it can be converted into liquid fuel, or boiled in a process called ―gasification‖ to produce combustible gases. And certain crops such as switchgrass and willow trees are particularly suitable as "energy crops", plants that are grown specifically for energy generation.
Geothermal energy
- Basic Concept of Biogas
- Use of Biogas
- Characteristic and Composition of Biogas
- Biogas energy sources
- Emerging End Uses of Biogas
- Benefits of Biogas Technology
- Summery
Biogas production involves the biological fermentation of organic materials – agricultural waste, manure and industrial wastewater, municipal solid waste – in an oxygen-poor environment to produce methane, carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Fortunately, the same innovation expands the potential ways in which biogas energy can be used (Figure ll).
Chapter02
Electrical Energy Production from Biogas
- Energy conversion technologies of Biogas
- Conversion technologies
Gasification
The discussion below provides some examples of factors to consider when balancing one technology against another. If the only goal is to reduce waste, incineration of raw waste may be a good option, provided it is dry enough, air pollution is controlled, and there is a way to dispose of the ash. One of the disadvantages of burning raw waste for disposal is that it is a very inefficient use of energy.
One disadvantage of composting is that some of the nutrients in the raw waste - especially nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium - turn into a gas, evaporate and are lost to the atmosphere, or they leach out through the soil. If you want to do more with raw waste than compost or just get rid of it - that is, if you want to use the energy of the raw waste material to produce fuel or other products - you will make additional investments in capital, materials and labor. Unlike compost, the digestion process preserves and improves the nutritional value of the original raw material.
With biogasification, raw waste can be digested and returned to the environment in the form of fertilizer and fuel, without degrading the environment. In summary, comparing one biomass conversion technology to another should be based on the end products you want from the technology, the end product user, how much you are willing to spend, relative economies of scale, skill levels, feedstock availability waste money, environmental impact, and many other factors.
Pyrolysis
Distillation of raw waste produces, for example, sugar and alcohol; controlled burning produces heat for, say, a boiler. Pyrolysis produces biofuels such as coal and crude oil; and gasification produces other biofuels, such as low- and medium-energy gas (often called producer gas). These four technologies differ primarily in their equipment requirements (i.e., depending on the technology, the hardware can be as simple as a cooker or retort or as complex as a distillation plant), in their techniques (i.e., some techniques are more complex than others, which resulting in higher product yields) and costs.
Combustion
Direct Combustion
Internal Combustion Systems
Conversion of biogas to electricity
Organic Rankin Cycle (ORC)
Reciprocating engines (ICE)
Microturbines
- Types of Biogas Plants
- Digester Types
- Biogas mechanics
- The Bio-Gas Process
- Bio-electricity from Biogas
- Biogas from Kitchen Waste
- Biogas from poultry Litter and Cow Dung
- Summary
- Proposal for biogas energy plant from waste & human manure in ban- shee housing society
- Electricity requirement In Banasree Housing Society
The electrical efficiency of the power units is 30% with 80% efficiency in the total CHP system. About 20% of the thermal energy from the associated CHP generation was available for the ORC process[7]. The gas pressure is obtained by the elasticity of the balloon and by extra weights placed on the balloon.
A variant of the balloon device is the channel digester, which is usually covered with plastic sheeting and a shade (see Figure 2E). A fixed dome device consists of a digester with a fixed, stationary gas holder mounted on top of the digester. The disadvantages are mainly frequent problems with the gas tightness of the masonry gas storage tank, where even a small crack in the upper wall can cause a large loss of biogas.
The by-product of this plant is used as organic fertilizer for his land and the rest of the manure is sold to other farmers. Grameen Shakti (GS) one of the largest and fastest growing renewable energy companies in Bangladesh.
Load calculation a house
Total Load Calculation in Banasree Housing Society
- Waste & Manure Collection in Banasree Housing Society
- Electricity Produced In Banasree Housing Society from Biogas
- Sizing the digester
- Basic layout of a biogas plant
- Block Diagram of Biogas plant at Banasree Housing Society
- Design of the plant
- Banasree housing society Biogas Energy Plant
Where, C = Biogas yield per kg solid excreta m = Total mass of the solid excreta input [8]. The size of the plant was mainly determined by the number of beneficiaries who signed up for the project.
Cost Analysis of a Biogas Power Plant
Summery
Need for electricity in Banasree housing society and how much we have produced electrical energy using biogas technology. For the project's biogas technology: proper use in waste management to produce electrical energy.
4. Existing Experience in Different Countries
Germany
Developing and Newly Industrialized Countries
Most of the plants installed through these programs are designed for households, hospitals and farmers, who mainly use the gas directly as fuel for cooking and lighting. The steel mold is applied to build the concrete digester of the Chinese hydraulic biogas plant. Then the rotten substrate from the reactor pushed into the filled pipe, but often into the pool of the counterwork.
The volume of countergas must be enormous so that the suppressed putrefactions can be digested at the high gas volume; in practice the gas pressure is not constant. The volume of the counterpoise must be enormous, so that the repressive rot can be digested at the large volume of gas; the gas pressure is not constant in practice. With regard to energy efficiency, the emphasis of the program is mainly on supporting the implementation of the Energy Savings Act.
Twenty-eight state-designated agencies and another seven at the union territory level have been established and are now receiving support for the implementation of the Energy Conservation Act. The financial contribution of the by-products, such as biofertilizer and the gas supplied to some cooking burners in the area, is of course significant.
East Africa, Tanzania and Kenya
PSDA project, Kenya With the support of the GTZ project PSDA, two small biogas power plants were also installed. The original purpose of the plant in Keekonyokie was to provide electricity for a cold store. The first HPTC plants in Africa appear to have used diesel engines, replacing up to 80% of the diesel with biogas.
Most projects are on hold until suitable feed-in tariffs are available for the national grid. In case of exclusive use of electricity from the house, feasibility studies show that the plants can operate economically only if there is a profitable use for CHPS thermal energy production. Major support for the development of the Kenyan biogas sector was previously provided through GTZ's bilateral Program for Private Sector Development in Agriculture (PSDA).
PDP) on behalf of the German Ministry of Economics and Technology within the framework of the 'Renewable Made in Germany' initiative. The PPP lessons have now been integrated into the various follow-up activities of this program and the information presented below has been compiled in the context of the PDP.
Brazil
- Environmental Issues of Biogas Resources
- Environment Impacts of Bio-Resources
- Environmental friendly solution
- ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
- Advantages and disadvantages of biogas
- Summery
- Economics of Biogas Energy
- Economic Analysis
- Socio economic issues
- Summary
- Finding
Biogas production from human waste and manure can help in waste management. For this reason, the use of biogas reduces CO2 emissions and helps to avoid an increase in CO2. Methane is a heavier greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, and capturing biogas as fuel prevents the release of methane into the atmosphere.
The ideal plant should be as low as possible in terms of production costs per unit volume of biogas for both the user and society. To show that the amount of biogas produced is worth using as renewable energy for houses in Banasree housing society. Some of the benefits and costs of biogas plants are not limited to users.
In the case of the biogas plants studied, no detailed economic analysis has been carried out due to the fact that most of the factors mentioned above add value in the benefit stream. Waste, human manure and other types of biogas are widely used as fuel in the private sector and residential construction, mainly because they are cheaper than other fuels.
Conclusion
It is estimated that the production of 1 MW of renewable energy corresponds approximately to reducing 0.65 tonnes of CO2 emissions. Biogas technology is new in Bangladesh, so many studies and practical studies need to be done to improve it, and then try to apply other uses of biogas to produce electrical energy.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND BEST PRACTICES FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS)
![Table 1.3 Biogas Plant size & construction cost [27]:](https://thumb-ap.123doks.com/thumbv2/filepdfnet/10794001.0/41.892.109.788.267.561/table-biogas-plant-size-amp-construction-cost-27.webp)
