We would like to thank BRIG GEN SHAIKH MUHAMMAD RIZWAN ALI for giving us the opportunity to study the different forms of renewable energy. The fact that natural energy resources are intermittent and accumulators are expensive has led to the utilization of so-called hybrid renewable energy systems.
Motivation
In this paper, a PV-wind hybrid system is presented that can supply electricity to a private house, farm house or a small company or an apartment, with electrical power depending on the site's needs. The purpose of this study is to introduce the local PV-wind hybrid system's working principle by reviewing one case where the system is connected to the grid.[5].
Objective
Having said that, it should be informed that solar wind hybrid energy is the fastest growing energy source with a growth rate of 25 35% per year during the last decade all over the world [6, 7]. A proper prophesied plan is needed which will not only emphasize the importance of using renewable energy but also show its attention on the application and implementation of energy in every energy related sector.
Project Description
Solar Energy
Solar Systems
Photovoltaic Technologies
Basic Components of Solar Power
When designing a solar energy system, all these factors must be considered when choosing the battery size. Deep-cycle batteries are designed to be repeatedly discharged to 80 percent of their capacity, making them a good choice for solar power systems.
Photovoltaic Effects and Equivalent Circuit
Until recently, the average turbine size of the wind installation was 300 KW. Where v is the wind speed, K is the shape parameter and C is the scale parameter of the distribution. In other words, it is necessary to support these two systems with each other to maintain the continuity of energy production in the system.
In the realized system, a portion of the required energy for an ordinary house is obtained from electricity obtained from wind and solar power. The kinetic energy of the wind is converted to the mechanical energy in the rotor. The characteristics of the PV module (PM 065, Solen Energy Corporation) in the system are given in the Table.
The development of renewable energy is one of the important strategies adopted as part of the Fuel Diversification Program. Renewable energy development has been identified as one of the drivers of Bangladesh's Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan. The most obvious thing here is that 62% of the generation comes from the solar power system and the other 32% comes from wind turbines.
Under the supervision of the thesis supervisor, we started with the theory part of the course. The small solar hybrid power system for urban areas is a very good project that can be used in many places in the urban areas. Use in urban areas for home electricity supply and for permanent zero-power buildings where renewable energy is the only energy source.
Photovoltaic Solar Modules
Batteries
The main problem to overcome with any PV system is that the sun does not shine with the same intensity everywhere. Autonomy – by meeting load requirements at all times, including at night, during cloudy periods or during winter when PV input is low or absent. Peak current capability – by supplying currents higher than the PV generator can supply, if necessary, especially to start motors or other inductive equipment.
Deep cycle batteries are designed to deliver a typically lower current for the size of the battery, but they are able to withstand numerous deep discharges without damage. The most common type of battery found in PV systems are the lead-acid batteries because their initial cost is lower and they are readily available everywhere. Batteries are rated in Ampere-hours (Ah) and the size depends on the required energy consumption.
Charge Controllers
Solar Inverter
Wind Power
Component of Wind Energy Project
Wind Power Modeling
Power Content of the Wind
Hybrid solar-wind applications are implemented in the field, where year-round energy will be consumed without any chance of interruption. It is possible to have any combination of energy sources to meet the energy demand in hybrid systems, such as diesel, solar and wind. In summer, when the sun's rays are strong enough, the wind speed is relatively small.
In winter, when the sunny days are relatively shorter, the wind speed is high on the contrast. Depending on the environmental conditions, the energy required for the system can be supplied either separately from the wind or solar systems or by using these two sources simultaneously, see figure 4. The wind turbine in the system consists of tower, alternator, speed converters (gearbox ), propeller.
The rotor shaft speed, 1/18, is accelerated in the reduction gear and then transferred to alternator. The electricity coming from the alternator can be transferred directly to DC receivers as well as it can be stored in the batteries.
Introduction
Taking this into account, the government has prepared the master plan called "Energy System Master Plan 2010" to develop a sustainable energy balanced energy system in the country. Under the new generation expansion plan, a significant portion will be generated from liquid and coal-based sources.
Solar Resources
The entire area of Bangladesh has been covered by independent NREL estimates using the CSR (Climatological Solar Radiation) model which used information on cloud cover, water vapor, trace gases and aerosols during 1985-91 and produced a 40× 40 km. resolution map. Their annual map has been adjusted to the Dhaka pyranometer data and NREL's tuned GHI (Global Horizontal Insolation) map is shown below.
Wind Resources
Development of Renewable Energy in Bangladesh
Today, hydropower accounts for the largest share of electricity generated from renewable sources, as global capacity reaches 1,000 GW. BCSIR, LGED, Bangladesh Center for Advanced Studies, German Development Cooperation (GIZ) and Renewable Energy Resource Center of Dhaka University have assessed wind resource, to some extent, in a few sites. Due to high research and development costs of renewable energy, it continues to lag behind conventional energy.
For example, the cost of solar PV panels has fallen by more than 60% in the last three years. The International Energy Agency projects that electricity production from renewable energy could surpass natural gas by 2015 and possibly coal by 2035. However, due to the lack of a clear knowledge base on renewable energy and the benefits of of them, many people, even some energy professionals, are skeptical. regarding the perspective of renewable energy.
They mostly exaggerate the price of renewable energy and are of the opinion that renewable energy technologies are not mature enough to become viable options. Reliable information and best practices can overturn doubts and show that renewable energy is the promising and sustainable energy option for Bangladesh, while the newly established SREDA can play a vital role in nurturing the same.
Introduction
Features with Advantages and Limitation
Simulation and Its Result
- Creating a Project
- Solar Resources Setting
- Wind Resources Setting
- PV Inputs
- Wind Turbine Inputs
- Choosing Battery Details
- Primary Load Details
- Results (Sensitivity and Optimization)
- Overall Result
- Discussion on Performance of the Hybrid Power System
Then the components should be connected as shown in the picture as the system to be designed. After adding the components needed to have a 650W solar wind hybrid project, every detail of the solar and solar and wind resources must be known. In Figure 6.3, the data retrieved from the homer energy website on December 8, 2014 is set as baseline data.
Anemometer height is 50m and in figure 6.7 the variability of wind speed in different months is shown below in the profile of wind. The physical wind turbine planned in the 50m height (above MIST administrative building) and we could not get data. In figure 6.8, the curve clearly shows that 5 m/s wind speed makes it possible to get a minimum of 530 Watt (maximum power output).
In Figure 6.14, we see that HOMER only selects the PV power solution for power supply without wind power. In Figure 6.15, the optimization result shows us how the cost and electricity production varies for the system with wind and no wind generation. In Fig 6.17, the cash flow shows how many years the investment will continue to support.
Figure 6.22 shows that the output of the converter, when the output energy of the converter is 109 KWh/year, the input is 122 KWh/year.
Introduction
Design Overview of the System
Practical Project and Its Limitations
The need for power generation in our current context compelled us to work on this thesis subject. We used this data in HOMER software and got the framework of project model. According to the data, load, software model and available resources, we modeled our project.
But for this project, we needed practical data about the area, which was difficult to collect. Since the seasonal changes are very pronounced, there was a lack of solar and wind energy for the implementation of the project. For wind data, we had difficulty collecting coastal area data, which meant we could only work in urban areas.
From August 14th to the end of November 14th, we failed to get this torque in the position above 50m.
Sustainability of the System
Multipurpose Use of the System
Use in rural areas where people still need electricity but it is not connected to the electricity grid.
Reasons behind its Unavailability
Recommendation
Access to electricity also has a substantial impact on economic development by increasing productivity and economic growth, as well as local employment. Diesel-based power systems will sooner or later become a barrier to rural areas due to their operating costs, high maintenance requirements, their acoustic and environmentally polluted nature, and the geographic difficulties of delivering the fuel to remote areas. Retrofitting a hybrid propulsion system into the existing diesel-based plants will significantly minimize delivery and transportation problems and will drastically reduce maintenance and emissions, providing a cost-effective and more suitable solution for rural areas.
Hybrid systems have proven to be the best option for providing high-quality energy services to communities in urban areas at the lowest cost and with the greatest social and environmental benefits. Although there is some growing private sector involvement in rural electrification, there is still a great need for governments and the donor community to provide not only initial seed funding, but also the appropriate infrastructure and energy models and some sort of ongoing engagement. Kumar, “PV Hybrid System for Rural Electrification in Thailand,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Science Direct, Vol.
Uzunoglu, and M.S Alam, “Dynamic Modeling, Design and Simulation of a Wind/Fuel Cell/Ultra-Capacitop Based Hybrid Power Generation System,” Journal of Power Sources-Science Direct, vol. Nayar, "Design, economic analysis and environmental conditions of mini-grid hybrid power system with reverse osmosis desalination plant for remote areas."
