This is to certify that this project titled "GSM Based Blind Stick With GPS Tracking System" is being done by the following student under my supervision and this work was carried out by the laboratories of the department of electrical and electronic engineering under the faculty of engineering of affodil international university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of bachelor of sciences in electrical and electronic engineering. the presentation of the work was held on October 2019.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
- Introduction
- Historical Background
- Objective
- Methodology
- Project Outline
- Summary
Since continuous obstacles usually generate noise as they go, blind people develop their sense of hearing to locate them. The user can select the location from the set of destinations stored in the memory and will guide in the correct direction of the stick being used. Ultrasound sensors can be placed on the arm or forehead according to the comfort level of the user.
Even there may be smart wheelchairs that use the same methodology and circuitry implemented on a different hardware. The main objective is to help visually challenged people to navigate with ease using advanced technology and Blind people will walk safely street by stick and suddenly blind people face a problem than to click the stick and her relative will get a sms and easily search her location. In this paper, our main goal is that blind people can walk easily. The system is based on the interruption of ultrasonic sensor and GSM is used as the face its problem as push button click message system and arduino as the master controller has ultrasonic sensor and GSM, GPS module.
In this chapter, the first chapter, we discuss introduction, background of this project, Main purpose of discussing Blind person will probably walk the street for stick, and suddenly blind person faces problems than pressing the baton click, and her family member will get sms. GSM and GPS based project that contributes to the modern society, there are many of our blind people.
OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT
- Introduction
- Ultra Sonic Sensor
- Buzzer
- Arduino Nano
- Global Position System
- Summary
Buzzer is an electronic device. This device sound signal which can be mechanical, electromechanical or piezoelectric. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is a standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile devices such as cell phones and tablets. By the mid-2010s, it had become a global standard for mobile communications, achieving more than 90% market share and operating in more than 193 countries and territories.
The software is tailored to the function of the weather station, monitoring wind speed and wind direction. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. GPS use for tracking satellite to indicate the location of a device specially designed for various purposes. The basic concept is a GPS tracker this process called trilateration to indicate its physical location based on its far from three satellites.
THEORETICAL MODEL
- Introduction
- Defining of ARDUINO
- Arduino Architecture
- Arduino Pin Diagram
- Program an Arduino
- Technical Specification of Arduino Microcontroller
- Technical Specification of General
- Power
- Memory
- Inputs and outputs
- Summary
The Arduino processor basically uses the Harvard architecture, where the program code and program data have a separate memory. The code is stored in the blaze program memory, while the information is stored in the information memory. The Atmega328 has 32 KB of blaze memory for storing code (of which 0.5 KB is used for the bootloader), 2 KB of SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM and runs at a clock speed of 16 MHz.
Digital Inputs: Consists of 14 digital input/output pins, each providing or receiving 40mA current. Some of them have special functions like pins 0 and 1 which act as Rx and Tx respectively for serial communication, pins 2 and 3 which are external interrupts, pins which provide pwm output and pin 13 where the LED is connected. The most important advantage with Arduino is that programs can be loaded directly into the device without requiring a hardware programmer to burn the program.
This is done due to the presence of the 0.5KB of bootloader that allows the program to be burned into the circuit. All we need to do is download the Arduino software and write the code. The Arduino tool window consists of the toolbar with the buttons like verify, upload, new, open, save, serial monitor.
It also consists of a text editor to write the code, a message area that shows feedback like showing the errors, the text console that shows the output and a series of menus like File, Edit, Tools. Any action like verify, open a sketch, save a sketch can be done using the toolbar buttons or using the tool menu. VIN: the input voltage is supplied to the arduino board by using an external source.
The points are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega-8U2 USB-to-TTL serial chip. These pins support SPI correspondence, which is not currently included in the Arduino language.
HARDWARE DEVELOPMENT
- Introduction
- Components
- Center-tapped Transformer
- Specifications
- Resistor
When primary alternating voltage is supplied in the primary coil, magnetic flux is induced and energy is transferred to the output. As we know, the voltage across the coil depends on the number of turns of the primary and secondary coil. Va=Voltage across the first half of the secondary coil Vb=Voltage across the secondary half of the secondary coil Vp=Voltage across the primary coil.
Na= Voltage across first half of secondary coil Nb= Number of turns in first half of secondary coil Nb= Number of turns in second half of secondary coil. Step-down Center tapped Transformer Input voltage: 220V AC at 50Hz Output voltage: 24V, 12V or 0V Output current: 1A. A resistor is an electrical part with two terminals used to limit or control the progression of electrical flow in electronic circuits.
Its motivation is to decrease the current flow as well as lower the voltage levels in its general region or part of the circuit. A resistor is intended to conduct the real load on the frame, which means that it consumes current and dissipates it as heat, thus reducing the power flowing out of it sufficiently with explicit sums.
4.4 .1 Type of resistor
- Fixed resistor
- Variable Resistor
- Capacitor
- Diode
- Voltage Regulator
- GSM SIM MODULE (SIM800L- Overview)
- SIM800L Key Features
- Coding schemes and maximum net data rates over air interface
- Operating Mode
- Functional Diagram
- Pin out Diagram
- Pin Description
- Buzzer
- LCD Display
- Pin statement
- Transistor
- Light Emitting Diode
- Summary
During this charging process, a charging current (i) will flow into the capacitor and oppose any voltage change at a rate equal to the rate of change of the electric charge on the plates. This charging current can be defined as: i = CdV/dt. When the capacitor is "fully charged", the capacitor blocks the flow of more electrons on its plates as they have become saturated. But if we use an alternating current or AC supply, the capacitor will alternately charge.
Anode terminals are positive and cathode terminals are negative. diode biases two types, forward and reverse bias. Diodes are forward biasing flow anode to cathode and reverse biasing not flow current. Voltage regulated ic is the output voltage is fixed. The xx in the 7805 indicates the output voltage it provides.
With a small configuration of virtually all space prerequisites in client applications, for example, PDAs, PDAs and other portable devices. The SIM800L has 88 pin array of LGA package and provides sheets to customers. The GPRS module is prepared for the movement of GPRS information, however no information is sent or received now. For this situation, the use of the control is related to the RS adjustment settings (for example the power control level);
The input power of the external source and the power management unit interrupts the power supply. The AT command “AT+CFUN” can be used to set the module to minimal functionality mode without removing power. LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) is used in all electronics projects to display process status.
There are various other types of LCD screens also available in the market. The reason for choosing LCD over other display component or devices is that it is low cost, easy to program, large number of display characters, etc. Command is a special set of data used to give the internal command to LCD such as Clear screen, move to line 1 character 1, set the cursor etc. Base and collector, three layer pnp or npn and two junction .transistor is used signal amplifier and switch.
This transistor has a high amplification factor. Currently, transistors are widely used in electronic circuits.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
- Introduction
- Block Diagram
- Circuit Diagram
- Working Procedure
- Implementation
- Summary
In this project we used a 12 volt battery as a power source. First, we converted the 220 volt AC supply with a step-down transformer and we got 12 volt voltage (alternating current) in the secondary supply. We used a power switch instead of feeding the voltage we got from the battery to the Arduino nano. We use 2 types of analog pins and data pins. We use Arduino Nano pin D7, D8, D9, D10, D11 for the LCD screen.
Emergency switch using arduino nano analog pin A7.Vibration motor using pin D4.GSM module connection with arduino Tx,Rx pin,GPS module connection another pin D5,D6.Bummer is connection arduino pin D13 gives alarm. The circuit diagram was built and the device completed successfully and accurate output is displayed on the LCD display. According to the program CODE, the device transmits ultrasonic sensor and arduino nano, GSM and GPS system.
Here we can find the block diagram, circuit diagram and output diagram of the project and it is clearly understood. The circuit diagram was built and the device was ultrasonic sensor, Arduino nano, resistor, capacitor and diode, IC etc. According to the program code the device was sending the data displayed on the LCD screen.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
- Result
- Advantage
- Applications
- Cost Estimate
- Discussion
Blind people move to the left or right and reduce no buzzer than walking safely on the road. When the blind people face any problem, the emergency button is pressed and an SMS is automatically sent, so that her family and position can be tracked through the GPS module.
CONCLUSIONS
Conclusion
Future Scopes
Limitations of the Work
APPENDIX
