This level of production results in estimates of cattle's contribution to global warming that may occur in the next 50 to 100 years to be slightly less than 2%. Using the cylinder method of gas production developed by Menke et al. (1979), the inhibition of methane gas production was observed. Methane (CH4) is a colorless, odorless gas formed as a by-product of microbial fermentation of feed in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants.
The contribution of cattle to any global warming that may occur in the next 50 to 100 years has been estimated at a little less than 2%. 2,2-dichloroacetamide (0.5 ppm of the liquid) increased the molar ratio of propionate only in the 50:50 feed concentrate diet Garica et al. (1996) increased. The rumen ecosystem has evolved to remove this hydrogen through growth of Archae that obtain energy for their growth by reducing carbon dioxide to methane and water in the rumen.
Most experiments in this case there was a significant increase in the propionic acid:acetic acid concentration ratio in the rumen when methane production was inhibited Methanogenic bacteria have a correlation with rumen protozoa in the system. The number of protozoa (per milliliter) in the protozoan suspension was three times greater than that of SRF; however, the urease activity of this fraction was half that of SRF. Predation by ciliate protozoa can account for 90% of eubacterial protein turnover in the rumen.
Given the high number of bacteriophages in rumen fluid and the sensitivity of rumen bacteria to phage-induced lysis, it is tempting to suggest that phages play a role in the lysis of archaea in rumen fluid. Newbold et al.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Materials required
Procedure
Day before the incubation
Day of incubation
Collection of rumen fluid
After collecting total gas in the disposable syringe, lime water was introduced into the disposable syringe containing gas until the color change of the water occurred. The change in the color of the water indicates that the total carbon dioxide present in the produced gas has dissolved in the lime water and the rest is methane gas. Some Important Considerations I Followed While Evaluating Gas Immediately after receiving the syringes from the firm, mark the plunger and the corresponding scaled exterior (barrel) with a diamond pencil or permanent waterproof marker (immediately after opening the box that contains the syringe including the plunger and the barrel).
The plunger should be properly lubricated using white vaseline (apply less vaseline for incubations up to 24 hours and more for incubations up to 96 hours). Collect the rumen liquor from both the liquid and the solid phase and handle it properly (use hot containers, flush the containers with carbon dioxide, always keep the rumen liquor under carbon dioxide). Also rinse the medium for at least 10 min after rumen fluid and before filling the syringes (the flow may be reduced at this stage).
While filling the syringes with the medium, keep an eye on the medium (carbon dioxide gas should be poured into the medium and the medium should be stirred) 5. After pouring 30 ml of the medium into the syringe create a slight vacuum by pushing back on the plunger and then open the latch. Make sure all the food particles are incorporated into the medium during agitation (the swirling action can help).
Wash the dispenser with distilled water immediately after filling the syringes, otherwise the dispenser may become stuck and may not be usable. , take a representative sample in an evacuated flask- for gas analysis and push back the piston and record the reading again. 10.When the plunger is pushed back, shake after approximately 30 min to prevent the sample from being taken up with the lower portion of the plunger and out of the incubation medium.
12.While shaking the gas volume readings, use the brown ring marked on the piston and not the bottom of the piston. Hold the syringe in an inverted position and parallel to the eye while recording the gas volume.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Table.3; Amount (ml) of total gas in the microorganism mixed cylinder (T1) and in the microorganism-free cylinder (T0). The microorganism-incubated gas cylinder (T1) has reduced total gas production. The average reduction of total gas production is 35.57%. Table (3). Statistical analysis shows that the average mean production of methane gas is 10.23 with standard deviation 0.38 which is significant at 1%.
For this purpose we have used methane gas reduction test using rumen content and microorganism. The result shows that the proportional reduction of methane gas by the microorganism is 35.57%, which is slightly less than the result of Ishler, (1991); Sniffen et al., (1991) .where he obtained 10% reduction in methane gas production using ionospheres in the diet of ruminants.
In our study, the reduction in methane gas production may be due to competitive inhibition of hydrogen ion production in ruminant metabolism, which is responsible for methane gas production.
CONCLUSION
LIMITATION OR SHORTFALL OF THE EXPERIMENT
Changes in microbial community structure, methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in response to saponin-rich fractions from different plant materials. Inhibition of methanogens by bromochloromethane: effects on microbial communities and rumen fermentation using batch and continuous fermentations. Methane emissions from beef cattle: effects of monensin, sunflower oil, enzymes, yeast and fumaric acid.
Evaluations of different hypervariable regions of archaeal 16S rRNA genes in methanogen profiling by archaea-specific PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Department of General Animal Sciences and Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Chittagong for their help and suggestions during the experiment. Finally, the author wishes to re-examine his deepest gratitude and to all the well-wishers for their immense patience, sacrifice and inspiration, without which the successful completion of the experimental work was absolutely impossible.
Th e Author
INDEX
LIST OF THE CONTENTS
