IoT based Car Parking and Monitoring System

This car parking problem is increasing day by day due to the continuous increase in the number of vehicles. A basic Internet of Thing parking spot detection system that connects via the Internet and a physical device. Our basic IOT parking spot detection system uses a sonar sensor to detect a car in a parking lot.

In IOT base car parking lot diction system, each user has a unique ID and password. When they are found, the parking space at the same time that capacity it helps in synchronized parking. This vehicle parking space detection gadget related to the parking area and provides information via the web about the vehicle parking space.

A short time and he wasted a lot of fuel searching for an empty parking space. After overcoming this serious problem, we introduced a basic IOT car parking detection system where it can tell a person whether the parking lot is reachable or not. If the parking space is full, in any other case, find a new parking area rather than looking for a parking space.

It works in accordance with the code system keeps track of variety of vehicles in parking slot or not in parking building.

THEORY OF THE PROJECT

Introduction

Theory

Microcontroller

Arduino UNO

In addition to pin 0 and 1, a software serial library allows serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins. Reprinted from Datasheet of ATMega328, the internal architecture of the microcontroller is shown in Fig 2.3.3 (02). The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the microcontroller that controls the execution of the program.

As mentioned in section 2.1.2, the CPU is the brain of the microcontroller that controls the execution of the program. The status register is updated to reflect information about the result of the operation after an arithmetic operation. The bootloader section and the application program section are the two main sections of the program flash memory.

Stack stores the return address of the program counter during the interrupts and subroutine calls allocated in the common data SRAM. The size of the stack is limited by the total size and usage of the SRAM.

Specifications

The data SRAM is accessible through five different addressing modes supported in the AVR architecture, while the stack pointer is read/write accessible in the I/O space.

Features

Microcontroller IC ATmega328p

Power supply, inputs and outputs

5V: 5V power supply, this voltage can come from the VIN pin and the voltage regulator or from the USB connection.

Digital inputs and outputs

Analog inputs

NodeMCU ESP8266 Microcontroller

The ESP8285 is an ESP8266 with 1 MiB of built-in flash, allowing for single-chip devices that can connect to Wi-Fi.

Advantages of IOT Microcontrollers

Microcontrollers Applications

NodeMCU Arduino Compatible ESP8266

Technical Specs

NodeMCU Wi-Fi ESP8266 Board

Blynk application Fundamentals

Major features

IR Obstacle Sensor

For optical sensing and optical communication, photo-optical technologies are used in the near-infrared region, since light is less complex than RF when implemented as a signal source. The operation of any infrared sensor is governed by three laws: Planck's radiation law, Stephen - Boltzmann's law and Wien's displacement law. Stephen - Boltzmann's law states that "at all wavelengths, the total energy emitted by a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature".

According to Wien's Displacement Law, "the radiation curve of a black body for different temperatures will reach its peak at a wavelength inversely proportional to temperature". The basic concept of an infrared sensor which is used as an obstacle detector is to transmit an infrared signal, this infrared signal is reflected from the surface of an object and the signal is received in the infrared receiver. There are five basic elements used in a typical infrared detection system: an infrared source, a transmission medium, optical components, infrared detectors or receivers, and signal processing.

The three main types of media used for infrared transmission are vacuum, atmosphere and optical fibers. Optical components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral response. Optical lenses made of Quartz, Germanium and Silicon are used to focus the infrared radiation.

Signal processing is performed by amplifiers, since the output of the infrared detector is very small.

Transformer

Diode

Full wave rectifier

LCD Display

Buck Converter Module

DESIGN & FABRICATION

Block and Circuit Diagram

Hardware Design

As a microcontroller here we have used Arduino Nano Board which is perfect for building a new project or making something in robotics or something that is smart to use. To use an Arduino, we need to use the Arduino software, which is free for all users and can be downloaded from http://www.arduino.cc. And a huge collection of examples can be found on their websites, which are also free for everyone.

Then, using a microcontroller, we designed the whole circuit in the breadboard. Arduino Nano board is the perfect choice to make the project more efficient and simple as well. The output of this circuit is connected to the yellow, green and red lights of Traffic Signal.

The system was designed to be simple, and the experimental setup included the prototype model of traffic lights that display light from the four sides of an intersection. The model included traffic lights on each of the four sides; showing red, yellow and green colors.

Working with Arduino Software

The input signal was given through four different switches to control the timing of the four directions. This gives the Arduino Plank reach to many users and also helps it get.. a) Compilation: Before the program "code" is sent to the board, it must be converted into instructions that the board understands. This is for more advanced programming than we will do in this class. i) Sketch editor:.

This shows you what the IDE is currently doing and is also where error messages appear if you make a mistake in writing the program. k) Line. The smart microcontroller device called Arduino nano can be programmed with the Arduino software. First, select "Arduino Uno from the Tools, Board menu (according to the microcontroller of your board). The IC used named as ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno is burned with a boot loader that allows you to upload new code to it without using an external hardware programmer.

The open source ARDUINO environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the I/O board. To configure this programmer with computer we need a USB cable then check the serial port and select the programmer from Aruino-1.6.8 platform such as,.