Consider the multiinput, multioutput, multirate structure as shown in Fig. i) Mention the basic differences between the multi-rate structure shown in the figure and that of the QMF filter. ii). What two modifications are required in the bank-decimator filter module to perform the wavelet operation. For the following system draw the SFG (Signal Flow Graph) and find the total. transfer function using Mason's rule.
For the following system design, a compensator so that the system can operate with a settling time of 2 seconds at 25% overshoot and zero steady state error for the ramp input. For an uncompensated system, a second-order approximation applies. and steady-state error for an uncompensated system. 5(a), derive an expression for the error E(s)=R(s)-C(s) in terms of R(s) and D(s) to find the steady state error.
Note that in the low frequency range the magnitude is log 20 dB. a) Using the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, determine how many closed-loop poles lie in the right half or left half of the s-plane or on the jw axis for the system shown in the figure. Sketch the Nyquist diagram and from the diagram find the range of gain k for stability using the Nyquist stability criterion. Note the figure shown in Fig. ii) The peak value of the closed-loop magnitude response Mp = ~. b) Using a constant, find the closed-loop frequency response of a negative-feedback unity-loop control system with an open-loop transfer function G(s).
Why are these measures not suitable for evaluating the performances of real-time systems. a) Calculate the feasibility for the operation of driving a car from one place to another.
SECTION-B
Construct the state assignment table and draw a suitable circuit that implements the FSA using D flip-flops.
EEE 495
There are FOUR questions in this section. a) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric power plants. What factors should be taken into account when choosing a suitable location for hydroelectric power plants. Show the main or component parts of a nuclear reactor. a) Discuss the advantages of IC motor based power generation.
There are FOUR questions in this section. a) Define the term demand factor, group diversity factor, load factor and capacity factor. 34;The load factor measures only the variation and gives no indication of the exact shape of the load" - explain.
EEE 475
Accept that all donors waste their money. electrons in the GaAs region. i) Find the first two eigenenergies using air function approximation. ii) If all electrons enter the first subband of the triangular quantum well, calculate the position of the Fermi level at 300 K. a) State how velocity saturation effect at high electric field is accounted for in the I-V characteristics of MESFET.
EEE 455
Calculate the maximum core diameter of a single-mode fiber with a core refractive index of 1.48 and relative refractive index difference of 1%. Further determine the solid angle of acceptance in air for the fiber and the critical angle of. incidence at the core-cladding interface within the fiber. a) Find the cutoff condition of a mode in a fiber and define normalized. What is the physical significance of the dispersion parameter. cause chromatic dispersion in fibers uniformly with the required graph.
Explain the operation of an arrayed waveguide grating (A WG) device as a multiplexer. c) Why fiber connections are more difficult to achieve than fiber connections.
EEE 435
The average optical power of the input to the photodetector is 250 l-t W. The load resistance of. preamplifier is 50 ohm at an operating temperature of 27Β°C. i) Responsiveness of photodiode (ii) Output noise current (iii). For a three-phase full-bridge rectifier, show that the dc output voltage is given by (15). where, Vm is the per-phase peak voltage considering a sinusoidal supply. The current flow in the solenoid is 30 A dc with negligible ripple. ii) average current through each diode,.
For a full-bridge controlled three-phase rectifier an expression for the dc output is derived. voltage as a function of ignition angle a. b).
EEE 473
The diffusion capacitance at the source or drain of a unit NMOS transistor is also C. The unit NMOS transistor can be assumed to have effective resistance R. a). For the following figure, calculate the diffusion parasitic capacitance of transistor 1, Cdb1, when the drain is at 0 V and at VDD= 1.8 V.
EEE 453
Explain the operation of the circuit. a) (i) Show the circuit diagram of a 2 x 2 SRAM array using a 6-transistor memory cell as the basic storage cell. Clearly demonstrate row selection, column selection, pre-charging and signal detection in your circuit. ii) Explain how READ and WRITE operations are performed, taking a cell of the second row and first column as an example. iii) Explain how a sense amplifier reduces the READ time of a cell. Show two possible system bus architectures so that the operation of adding two operands stored in a register and storing the result back into the register can be computed in no more than two clock cycles. a) Using a structured design approach, develop bus arbitration logic for an n-line bus so that access is granted to the line with the highest priority.
If the priority is given in ascending order (row N has the highest priority), draw the circuit and paste the basic sheet cell diagram. In the image shown below, transistor 1 is stuck and open (01). Find all two test pattern vectors that will detect the error. Each student will need to get 4 Smith cards. a) Starting with the voltage and current wave equations, derive an analytical expression for the input impedance of an ideal transmission line of length h having a characteristic impedance Zo and terminated by a mismatched load ZL of internal reflection coefficient p, Zo and phase constant p . b) Starting with the analytical expression for the input impedance, derive the expression for the input impedance of a 2.75'A long transmission line with a characteristic impedance Zo terminated by a load impedance ZL.
A microwave generator operating at 2.0 GHz is fed into a 20 cm long transmission line with a characteristic impedance of 50 ohms filled with a didectric Er = 1.5. At the plane in the middle of the line, the input impedance, viewed toward the load, is 40-j40 ohms. i) Find the distance in cm 15t Vmin from the plane to the load. ii) Find the distance in cm from the plane to the load of position 15t where the input impedance becomes the complex conjugate of the input impedance of the plane 15t. a) With the necessary diagrams and sketches, briefly explain how you can obtain (i) the size and coefficient of the reflection angle from the knowledge of the input impedance at the point of the microwave transmission time, (ii) the input impedance of a short-circuit transmission line of length 1 with the help of the Smith transmission line diagram and characteristic impedance Zoo. A lossless transmission line filled with dielectric Er = 1.5 has a characteristic .t. impedance of 75 ohms and is terminated with a mismatched load.
The VSWR on the line is 3 and the minimum voltage of 15 t is 2 cm from the load. The distance between two zeros of the standing wave pattern is 5 cm when the load is replaced by a short circuit. A microwave generator operating at 3GHz feeds into a 25 cm long transmission line with characteristic impedance 50 ohm filled with a dielectric of Er = 1.5.
At a level in the middle of the line, the input impedance facing the load is 50 - j75 ohms.
EEE 433
For TEIO mode propagation, calculate the width dimension of the waveguide if the cutoff frequency for this waveguide is 12 GHz. Calculate (i) the cutoff wavelength of this guide, (ii) the phase velocity of the wave through this guide at 18 GHz, and (iii) the impedance of the wave at 18 GHz. a) Derive analytical expressions for the electric and magnetic field components and the radiation resistance of a single-wavelength straight dipole antenna. Also calculate the current required to produce the same amount of total power radiated by a 3.75 cm long dipole antenna operating at 4 GHz. a) Derive expressions for the width of the radii of a finite and a broad array.
The Complete Smith Chart
Black Magic Design
With neat sketches, the construction and operation of the following machines are explained (35). a) Linear induction motor (LIM) (b) Induction and line pump (c) Shaded pole motor. Can fuel cells be considered a b) Explain the working of following fuel cells with neat diagrams and suitable. i) Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (ii) Molten carbonate fuel cell. iii) Solid oxide fuel cell.
EEE 471
If the wafer is in a dry oxygen atmosphere, how much will the oxide grow. the symbols have their usual meaning and proper units.].
EEE 451
