The author is very pleased to take this opportunity to express his heartfelt thanks and gratitude to all his respected teachers from the Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram for their valuable teaching and continuous encouragement during the study period. A study on the livelihood strategy of shrimp larval collectors was conducted in Ukhiya upazila of Cox'sbazar district. A survey was conducted in Rezu khal of Ukhiya upazila through an open and closed questionnaire from February to September 2021.
A small percentage of larvae collectors could only draw (22 percent), while the majority (64 percent) were illiterate. About 8% of families had the highest income of Tk. and only 2% of families had an income of Tk.20,000 above that. About 80% of collectors used fishing as a secondary source of off-season income.
Physical capital
Type Own Khas Leased- in
Total House area
Drinking water source: □ Own tubewell □ Shared tubewell
Medical facilities: □ Upazila health complex
20. Household distance from facilitate hospital
Cost(tk) If no, rent/
Natural Capital 23. Season
Hilsha Other
Name of shift
Hauling number
No. of shrimp
No. of other
Total no
Evening
Night
Total/day
Price of collected PL
Types of PL Price/PL Destination
Shrimp PL □ Depot □ Discarded
Time of PL collection/day: □Once □Twice □Thrice □ More
Average operation time/haul
Other PL (Name)
Depot □ Discarded D.Financial Capital
Expenditure/month Food Other(Cloth, medicine,
Types of livestock you have
Do you have alternative livelihood beside PL collection?
Yes □No
If yes, what is that? Name Income/month Fishing
If you are a fulltime fisherman besides collecting
Have you receive any govt. assistance in fishing work?
Social capital
- From whom you learn PL collection? □ Family □ Neighbor □ NGO □ None
- Any types of help from NGOs? □ Yes □NO If yes, what kinds of help they do?
- Are you a member of Co-operative society?
- Major Constrains of your life
INTRODUCTION
Assortment of larval shrimp has provided employment opportunities to a large number of unemployed and underemployed individuals on the coast (Angell, 1990; Islam and Wahab, 2005). Worldwide, more than 1 million individuals are connected for only part of a typical workday or week. collecting larvae from wild sources (World Bank, 2002). Then, the collection of larvae in nature expected a famous picture because it is naturally harmful (Primavera, 1998; Islam et al., 1999). It is expected that 400,000 individuals, many women and children, are associated with shrimp larvae, seeking their occupation in the coastal zone of Bangladesh (USAID, 2006).
Some months of the year by taking after the larvae they can contribute a significant part of their annual salary (Ahmed, 2005; Hoq, 2007). In September 2000, due to the unintended fishing of postlarvae with high bycatch rates (for example, non-target species taken unexpectedly), the Department of Fisheries (DOF) enforced a ban on the assortment of wild larvae ( DOF, 2002). As a result of the limited access of shrimp fry, this ban has not been fully implemented, which forces a demand for the volume and value of shrimp products.
Furthermore, the absence of optional calls for distressed individuals that participated in post-larvae is one of the most important requirements to implement the ban (Alam et al., 2005). Still, a limitation is held up by the power to limit the lack of biodiversity. There is no major report on the occupation study of neighborhood networks associated with the range of shrimp post hatchlings from the Rezu khal estuary.
Peak harvesting time for shrimp larvae is mid-March to May in Cox's Bazar. This study will help to comprehensively understand the larval shrimp fishery and its propositions for the survival of the coastal poor. It also explores the occupational constraints observed by mail anglers with business outcomes following a fishing process ban.
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
All farmers in this area were highly vulnerable to cyclones, floods and diseases, as well as salt water pollution from untreated water sources and market and price instability, all of which limited economic development. In terms of health and sanitation, about 79 percent of the fishermen were affected by various ailments such as rumotic fever, dysentery, jaundice, malnutrition, stomach, diarrhea and fever, while the remaining 21% were not affected. They couldn't consult with doctors about it. According to the survey, 20% of fishermen used kacha hygienically and 66 percent sought treatment from local doctors, and 40 percent of fishermen's monthly income amounted to ten thousand five hundred Taka.
Most of the fishermen (56.00 percent) were between the ages of 31 and 40, with 88 percent of them Muslim. The average family size in the fishing community was 5-6 individuals, with the medium family being most common (70 percent) among fishermen (84.00 percent). Fishing was the main occupation of almost 80% of fishermen, with agricultural and daily labor activities accounting for the remaining 10%.
About 12% of the fishermen could only write their names, while the remaining 80%, 8% and 0% of the fishermen were illiterate at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels respectively. About 70% of the fishermen received health care from village doctors, 24% from the upazila health complex and 6% from MBBS doctors. About 74% of the fishermen used katcha latrines, 10% used semi-pucca latrines, and 16% had no access to sanitation facilities.
In the southwestern region of Bangladesh, most of the fishermen involved (45 percent) were between the ages of 16 and 30, and most of them were Hindu (62 percent). Furthermore, it was reported that 78 percent of fishermen were treated by village doctors (who have little medical knowledge and are mostly jokes), while only 20 percent. It was found that 61 percent of the houses were kacha (mud and thatch construction), 37 percent were semi-pucca (tin construction), and only 2% were pucca (brick construction) about 23% of the fishermen had access to electricity electric. , while the remaining 77%.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
RESULTS
- Human capital
- Family type: In the study it was found that 68 percent of families were nuclear and 32 percent of larval collectors families were extended (Fig 4.3)
- Educational status: Most of the people who gather larvae were illiterate (64%)
- Physical capital
- Cooking energy: From the present study, it was found that 76% used wood for cooking purposes while only 24% used cylinder gas (Table 4.2)
- Medical resources: Health care facilities for PL collectors were inadequate in the research region and 74 percent of families that caught larvae were found to be following
- PL collecting gear: The present study revealed that 76% have their own net and only 24% rent the net for collecting larvae (Fig 4.10)
- Fry collecting period and duration: December to June was the primary fry collection season. The price was higher at the start of the season than it had been in
Life status of the shrimp post-larvae collectors at Rezu Khal: 50 shrimp post-larvae collectors were all interviewed about different parts of their daily lives. All houses with PL collectors used tube wells to obtain their drinking water, with 64 percent using their own tube well, 16 percent using a shared tube well and the remaining 20 percent using their neighbors' tube wells (Fig. 4.7). 92 percent of toilets in the study region were kacha, compared to 2 percent modern latrines with water locks and 6 percent using other latrines (Figure 4.8).
The price was higher at the start of the season than it had been during the collection season. The price was higher at the start of the season than it had been in previous months, although the main season for collecting shrimp PL was from March to May. Larva collectors typically go out twice a day, generally from 04.00 to 10.00 and at 15.00 to 17.00 and average operating time 10-15 min./pull.
Larvae collectors said that the price of PL was insufficient to improve their socio-economic circumstances.
DISCUSSION
One of the most important aspects of any community is the provision of clean and safe drinking water. According to the data, 64 percent of households with PL collection had their own pipes, 16 percent of families had shared pipes and 20 percent used pipes from their neighbors. According to Islam et al. (2015), 7 percent of households in the Sundarban region collect enough rainwater for drinking purposes, compared to 27 percent who use swimming pool water, 44 percent who use filter water or PSF, and 22 percent who use tube spring water, and 27 percent who have swimming pool water used.
The hygienic conditions of the PL collectors turned out to be average and not particularly developed. According to Hasan et al., percent of households in Cox's Bazar did not have a latrine, 33.3 percent had a bamboo or kancha latrine and only 18.3 percent had a sanitary latrine. Due to the lack of natural gas, it was found that 76 percent of PL gatherers in the study area relied on wood for cooking.
It was found that 74 percent of PL collector households rely on village doctors who have no understanding or expertise in medicine, 2% rely on kobiraz and 24% receive health care at the upazila health complex in the study area. According to Islam et al. (2015) the main fry collection season in the Sundarban region is from December to June, which corresponds to the findings that the peak season for post-larval shrimp stocking is from March to May. At the beginning of the season, more juvenile shrimp were found than in previous months, and the price was similarly higher.
According to the findings, 84 percent of people learn from their family and 16 percent from their neighbors. Because women often engage in PL collection because they have no other viable option, the majority of families had two earners (DOF and DFID, 2002). Fishing was the alternative occupation of 80 percent of the PL collectors in the research area.
CONCLUSION
It is essential to improve their socio-economic condition such as financial support and the increase of fund facilities, raising the way of life, hygienic and health condition, housing situation, children's study, destruction of water facilities, etc.
RECOMMENDATION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
She graduated from Faculty of Fisheries, Noakhali Science & Technology University (NSTU), Noakhali, Bangladesh in 2017. She looks forward to conducting research in her area of interest and has great enthusiasm to develop her skills and expertise in sustainable management of various water bodies. She is also keen to contribute her intensive observations to drawing the contours of several new aquaculture management systems in the near future.
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Commissioned by the association of the World Bank, DANIDA, USAID, FAO, DFID with the cooperation of the Bangladesh Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock and the Department of Fisheries, Dhaka, 172pp.
