I also authorize Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scientific research. MARKETING CHANNEL AND VALUE CHAIN ANALYSIS OF BOMBAY DUCK (Harpadon nehereus) AND SEA BAS (Lates calcarifer) IN. I thank the Almighty Allah who enables me to complete the research work and write the thesis successfully for the degree of Master of Science in Marine Bioresource Science under the Department of Marine Bioresource Science, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University.
Istiaque Ahmed, Assistant Professor, Department of Fisheries Resource Management, CVASU for his guidance and invaluable support at all stages of my research. Mohammad Sadequr Rahman Khan, Head of Department of Marine Bioresource Science, for his valuable suggestions and inspiration. Avijit Talukder, Assistant Professor in the Department of Marine Bioresource Science, thanked me for his moral support and cooperation during the research.
I thank all the teachers of the Faculty of Fisheries for their valuable suggestions and support during the research program. I express my deepest sense of gratitude, heartfelt respect of feelings to my beloved relatives and dearest classmates for their enormous sacrifice, blessings love and encouragement.
Abstract
Introduction
In other words, the distribution channel can be defined as the most effective and efficient way in which a product is delivered to the customer's hands. The chosen channel will significantly influence and be influenced by the rest of the marketing mix. Institutions in channels fall into three categories, including producer, user of the product and intermediaries.
Chattogram is a southeastern district of Bangladesh and one of the largest cities in the country. To meet the demand of the population, many fish markets are established at various points in Chattogram district. Various studies on different aspects of fish marketing system of different species have been conducted in different coastal regions of Bangladesh.
However, few studies have been conducted on the marketing channel of Bombay duck and sea bass species in the Chattogram region. Analyze the existing marketing system for Bombay duck and sea bass in Chattogram region.
Review of Literature
Bombay duck
Sea bass
Fish Marketing Channels in Bangladesh
Although wild-caught, the fish are currently farmed in aquaculture systems in Thailand, Indonesia and Australia (Larson, 1999). They also found a percentage of 86.66% of retailers who improved their socio-economic status through fish trading, while 13.33% could not achieve this due to large family, poor education and lack of capital for this business (Aktar et al., 2010). The fish marketing system in the North-West region of Bangladesh, particularly Dinajpur, shows that the average retailer's marketing cost was BDT 3.69/kg and the retailers' net marketing margin for large Indian and exotic carps was BDT 8.42 and 19.17 BDT/kg, respectively (Flowra et al., 2013).
The amount of marine fish and freshwater fish stock was reported in Swarighat, Dhaka to be almost around 20% and 80% respectively, where it was also estimated that almost around 15%. Mainly three important methods used to fix the price in the fish marketing system in Gazipur: open auction, bargaining and whispering. Open auction takes place in the wholesale market among the prospective bidders where the auctioneer usually charges 2-5% of the sale price from the wholesaler (Ahmed et al., 2005).
Marine fish marketing channels: Bombay duck and Ribbon fish in Cox's Bazar region were analyzed where the total marketing margin per kg of fish was BDT 19 which was 29% of the consumer purchase price and accounted for 9%, 6% and 14% in primary, secondary and consumer market respectively in case of Bombay duck and BDT 65 which constituted 28% of consumer purchase price and accounted for 10%, 5% and. Moreover, the total marketing profit per kg of Bombay duck fish was BDT 13, which accounted for BDT 4, 2.5 and 6.5 where the fishermen's share in the selling price was 88%, 82%. The average marketing margin price per quintal of fish for fishermen was BDT 305.56 and for aratrder, paiker and retailers were BDT 334.65, BDT 515.8 and BDT 340.4 respectively were calculated at beel Dakatia in Khulna.
The marketing profit obtained by the marine dried fish exporters is BDT 115.52/kg by exporting five different species of fish and it was found that the marketing profit they make per kg varies with species viz.
Materials and Methods
- Experimental design
- Study area
- Questionnaire preparation
- Field survey
- Observation
- Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)
- Transect walk
- Semi-Structured Interview
- Focus group discussion
- Rapid Market Appraisal (RMA)
- Data analysis
The wholesale markets are found to be located close to the primary market or landing centers. In addition to those local markets, the super shops from that area were also visited to get a clear picture of the marketing margin. A questionnaire was created based on the information needed to identify the marketing channel intermediaries.
The questions were mainly about the distribution and marketing systems for seafood, the buying and selling person, the purchase price, the selling price, the marketing costs, the marketing profit and marketing constraints. To obtain accurate information, the markets were visited three times, two months apart, during the six-month study period. During the survey, fish availability, number of vendors and customers, proper infrastructure, drainage and transportation system, and ice availability were inspected.
The advantage of PRA over other methods is that it enables wider participation from the community, the information collected is likely to be more accurate (Chambers, 1992; Nabasa et al., 1995). A semi-structured interview also known as SSI is a PRA tool that can be used at any time. SSI is guided interviewing, where only some of the questions are predetermined and new questions emerge during the interview.
This tool was used on the fishermen of the primary market about their social and economic status, fish marketing system and constraints they face during marketing. RMA techniques mostly rely on semi-structured interviews with key informants, expert observers of a sub-sector and a minimum number of participants at different stages of the commodity system. All the collected data were used for the calculation of marketing margin, marketing profit and fishermen's share in the consumer purchase price.
Total marketing margins include marketing costs and profit or loss incurred by all intermediaries in the marketing channel. Total marketing profit is the sum of profits made in another step of a marketing chain by the intermediaries, excluding the marketing costs. Some equation was provided for the calculation of marketing margin, marketing profit and fishermen's share in the consumer market by Ahsan et al.
Results
- Marketing channels for Bombay duck
- Marketing channels for Sea bass
- Marketing margin and profit (Bombay duck)
- Marketing margin and profit (Sea bass)
The total sales margin for kg of fish was BDT 30, which was 38% of the consumer purchase price and accounted for 10%, 14% and 15% in the primary, secondary and consumer markets respectively. Total marketing profit per kg of fish was BDT 16, which accounted for BDT 4, 5 and 7 from the primary, secondary and consumer markets respectively. The fishermen's share of the sales price was 86%, 73% and 62% on the primary, secondary and consumer markets respectively (Table 2).
Market margin and profit of various intermediaries involved in domestic marketing of Bombay duck (BDT/kg). The total marketing margin per kilogram of fish was BDT 192, which was 35% of the consumer purchase price and accounted for 10%, 11% and 14% in the primary, secondary and consumer markets, respectively. The total marketing profit per kg of fish was BDT 105, comprising BDT 30, 35 and 40 from the primary, secondary and consumer markets, respectively.
The share of fishermen in the selling price was 87%, 75% and 65% in the primary, secondary and consumer markets (Table 3).
Discussion
But the marketing margin of Bombay duck was slightly higher than sea bass in the present study. This because of the value addition and longer marketing channel of Bombay duck compared to sea bass. Moreover, the marketing margin of some dried marine fish such as Bombay duck, ribbon fish and Jewfish was 28% of the consumer purchase price (Reza, 2002) which represents a similar type of result in the case of marketing margin of Bombay duck of this research.
Another research took place in the marine fish marketing channel in Cox's Bazar region where the marketing margin was between 25-30% (Ahsan, 2016). The above results indicate that most of the longer fish marketing channel has 30% or more than 30% marketing margin, which increases the difference between the production price and the consumers' purchase price. In the case of fishermen sharing in the consumer purchase price, the present study shows that fishermen receive respectively 62% and 65% of the consumer purchase price for Bombay duck and sea bass.
When marketing some marine fish, the average share received by fishermen was 68% of the consumer price (Islam et al., 2006). Sabur and Rahman (1977) found that the average share of fishermen in the consumer price was 60–63%, depending on whether they sold fish on land or at sea. Most of the marketing margin was earned by the assembler and distributor, and the retail margin was only 5-10% of the consumer price.
The findings of both the current and mentioned studies indicate that fishermen typically receive a small portion of the price of the fish. The farmer's share of the consumer price was found to be inversely related to the length of the marketing channel (Parween et al., 1996). On the other hand, some local agents do not invest any capital but act as commission agents for a commission of 3-5% for sending the fish to the market.
Local fishmongers earned 1-5% of revenue from selling fish at wholesale prices. 2010) also identified a similar market chain in Swarighat of Dhaka district. The whole system should be improved by making vigorous efforts with a careful and detailed assessment of the problem. Strengthening the bargaining power of farmers by providing current information on current market conditions, pricing policy, credit facilities and above all association formation is proper supervision.
Conclusion
Category of engagement in fisheries
Experience of work
From where you collect fish? (Sea bass)
Brief Biography
