Abul Bashar and also thanks the head of the university, department of electrical engineering and electronics, professor dr. A key problem with waste management is that the waste bin in public places is filled well in advance before the next cleaning process begins. The conditions are worst in slum areas due to the high population density.
Continuous data regarding litter levels is available to staff through the display of the litter bin. A real prototype of the proposed smart waste management system in a small-scale bin was designed and obtained satisfactory results.
Motivation
When there are detected personnel within a 30 cm radius of the waste bin, the lid opens if the waste bin is not full and the rest of the time it remains closed. The trash bin also sends a message to the relevant authority to collect the waste when the bin is 100% full.
Problem Statement
Our system provides a real-time indicator of the level of trash in the dumpster at any given moment. Using this data, we can then optimize waste collection routes and ultimately reduce fuel consumption. The IR obstacle sensor is used to detect whether the trash can is filled with trash or not.
Here the IR obstacle sensor is installed on the side of the bin and measures the level of waste from the top of the bin. We can set a threshold based on the size of the recycle bin. If the level will be higher than this threshold, it means that the bin is full of garbage and we will print “Basket is Full” message on the message and if the distance will be less than this threshold, then we will print “Basket is Full” empty".
Methodology
Rationale of the Study
Objective
Expected Output
THEORY OF THE PROJECT
Introduction
Theory
Microcontroller
- Arduino UNO
Arduino Uno is one of the microcontroller boards manufactured by Arduino and it is a microcontroller board based on Atmel's ATmega328P microcontroller. Uno" means one in Italian, and the Uno board is the latest in the line of USB (Universal Serial Bus) Arduino boards, which are the reference model for the Arduino platform. Reprinted from Arduino Board Uno Figure 1 shows the Arduino Uno Board made by Arduino in Italy.
In addition to pin 0 and 1, a software serial library allows serial communication on any of the Uno's digital pins. Reprinted from the ATMega328 Datasheet, the internal architecture of the microcontroller is shown in Fig 2.3.3 (02). The central processing unit (CPU) is the brain of the microcontroller which controls the execution of the program.
As mentioned in section 2.1.2, the CPU is the brain of the microcontroller which controls the execution of the program. The principle of executing instructions in the program memory is the one-level pipeline. The status register is updated to reflect information about the result of the operation after an arithmetic operation.
The boot program section and the application program section are the two main sections of the program flash memory. Stack stores the return address of the program counter during interrupts and subroutine calls, which is allocated in the general data SRAM. The size of the stack is limited by the total size and use of SRAM.
Specifications
The arithmetic and logical operations between the registers or between the constant and a register are supported by the ALU. The data SRAM is accessible through five different addressing modes supported in the AVR architecture, while the stack pointer is read/write accessible in the I/O space.
Features
Microcontroller IC ATmega328p
- Power supply, inputs and outputs
- Digital inputs and outputs
- Analog inputs
- IR Obstacle Sensor
- Smoke Sensor
- GSM Module
- Receive, send or delete SMS messages in a SIM
- Read, add, search phonebook entries of the SIM
- Make, Receive, or reject a voice call
- Optical Dust Sensor
- Communication system
- Transformer
- Diode
- Full wave rectifier
- Buck Converter Module
Stephen – Boltzmann law states that "at all wavelengths, the total energy emitted by a black body is proportional to the fourth power of the absolute temperature". According to Wien's Displacement Law, "the radiation curve of a black body for different temperatures will reach its peak at a wavelength inversely proportional to the temperature". Optical components are used to focus the infrared radiation or to limit the spectral response.
Optical lenses made of quartz, germanium and silicon are used to focus the infrared radiation. All devices have their own advantages and disadvantages, but we will focus on that particular device that best suits our requirements. In the SIM800L, the signal transmission time of different devices is 0.5 seconds interval, so that the workload of the SIM chip can be greatly reduced and more sleeping time can be saved for the GSM module.
GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) is a digital mobile phone system widely used in Europe and other parts of the world. The Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) is the architecture used for mobile communications in most countries. GSM/GPRS MODEM is a class of wireless MODEM devices intended for computer communication with the GSM and GPRS network.
The processor/controller/computer can send various AT commands supported by MODEM to interact with GSM and GPRS mobile network. In Bluetooth 2.0, the signal transmission time of different devices is within 0.5 second interval, so the workload of the bluetooth chip can be greatly reduced and more idle time can be saved for bluetooth. A varying current in one coil of a transformer produces a varying magnetic flux, which then induces a varying electromotive force in another coil wound around the same core.
Electrical energy can be transferred between the two coils, without any metal connection between the two circuits. In basic buck converter operation, the current in an inductor is controlled by two switches.
DESIGN & FABRICATION
- Introduction
- Idea and Methodology
- Block and Circuit Diagram
- Hardware Design
- Working with Arduino Software
The project is designed in two parts, these are the software part and another is the hardware design. In this project we have used some basic components like IR (Inferred Ray) sensor as density detector, LED and microcontroller. As a microcontroller here we have used Arduino Nano Board which is perfect for building a new project or making something in robotics or something that is smart to use.
To use Arduino, we need to use Arduino software, which is free for all users and can be downloaded from http://www.arduino.cc. The Arduino Nano board is the perfect choice for a more efficient and easier project. The output of this circuit is connected to the yellow, green and red light of the traffic signal.
First, download and install the Arduino IDE for Mac, Linux, or Windows from arduino.cc. Assemble your board via USB, launch the Arduino app, and select Arduino Uno from the board's tools menu. This allows the Arduino Plank to reach many users and also helps it achieve.. a) Translate: Before the programming "code" can be sent to the board, it must be converted into instructions that the board can understand.
A smart microcontroller unit called Arduino nano can be programmed using Arduino software. First, select “Arduino Uno from the Tools menu, Board (depending on the microcontroller on your board). The IC used as an ATmega328 on the Arduino Uno is pre-written with a bootloader that allows you to load new code into it without using an external hardware programmer ARDUINO's open source environment makes it easy to write code and upload it to the I/O board .
Serial communication
Project picture
Summary
RESULT & DISCUSSION
- Introduction
- Results
- Advantage
- Limitations of This Project
- Costing
- Discussion
Price of electronics is not stable for a developing country like Bangladesh because Bangladesh never produces electronic parts but import from other developed countries and during import price depends on the stock of foreign currency. For social it will help with health and hygiene, for business as we try to make it affordable for as many as possible. The proposed smart waste management system is mainly developed to make the Dhaka city a better place to live in; however, it can be integrated with other cities' waste management plans.
Since the existing waste management technique in Dhaka city is not automated or software based, the government can adopt the proposed waste management system. By introducing the proposed waste management system, the government can take the first step to make Dhaka a better place to live. It is a built-in waste management system for efficient collection of waste in South Korea.
They found that the municipal waste classification system is an effective way to solve the waste management system. Therefore, by using GSM containers and an environmental monitoring system, the efficiency of existing waste management can be increased many times over.
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORKS
Conclusion
Future works
In addition to this, a distinction can be made between dry bins and wet bins, which collect dry plastic waste and biodegradable waste respectively. To improve it further, an automated system can be developed which is able to collect waste in and around the bin, separate it and put it in the respective bins. In our current scope, we use manual decision-making approach to select the next bin to collect, as well as checking the dump levels at each bin first and then proceeding to its location.
But we will consider implementing a learning algorithm to automatically check the dump levels and make decisions for us, such as which way will be optimal for us. Furthermore, we will work for power supply solution using solar panel, developing waste quantity detection system for liquid waste.
Mahamud, Dissipation of waste using dynamic perseption and alarming system: a smart city application, in: International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Communication Technology (ICEEICT), Dhaka, 2015, pp. Pattanshetti, IoT based waste management: an application to smart stad, in: International Conference on Energy, Communication, Data Analytics and Soft Computing (ICECDS), Chennai, 2017, pp. Chaskar, IoT-gebaseerde vaste-afvalbestuurstelsel vir slim stad, in: International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS) ), Madurai, 2017, pp.
Bhattacharyya, Designing a smart dustbin for smarter cities, in: Innovations in Power and Advanced Computing Technologies (iPACT), Vellore, 2017, p.
APPENDIX A
