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Morphometric Variation of Hilsha Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) from Different Aquatic Population of Bangladesh
Barun Kanti Roy
Roll No.: 0118/06 Registration No.: 0587
Session: 2018-2019
A thesis submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Marine Bio-resource Science
Department of Marine Bioresource Science Faculty of Fisheries
Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
JUNE 2019
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Authorization
I hereby declare that I am the sole author of the thesis. I also authorize the Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU) to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize the CVASU to reproduce the thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research.
I, the undersigned, and author of this work, declare that the electronic copy of this thesis provided to the CVASU Library, is an accurate copy of the print thesis submitted, within the limits of the technology available.
(Barun Kanti Roy)
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Morphometric Variation of Hilsha Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) from Different Aquatic Population of Bangladesh
Barun Kanti Roy
Roll No.: 0118/06 Registration No.: 0587
Session: 2018-2019
This is to certify that we have examined the above Master’s thesis and have found that is complete and satisfactory in all respects, and that all revisions required by
the thesis examination committee have been made.
--- --- (Avijit Talukder)
Supervisor
(Sk. Istiaque Ahmed) Co-supervisor
--- (Avijit Talukder)
Chairman of the Examination Committee
Department of Marine Bioresource Science Faculty of Fisheries
Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram 4225, Bangladesh
JUNE 2019
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Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Almighty God who blessed me with courage, strength and patience to complete my research work. Besides, I am also grateful to “Department of Marine Bio- resource Science” of “Faculty of Fisheries” at “Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University”, as I have got enough support from them throughout my study.
Then I would like to express my heartiest gratitude and sincere appreciation to my honorable supervisor Avijit Talukder, Assistant Professor and Head, Department of Marine Bio-resource Science, CVASU for his guidance, scholastic advice, useful comment and supervision.
Heartfelt thanks to my co-supervisor Sk. Istiaque Ahmed, Assistant Professor, Department of the Fisheries Resources Management for his special guideline.
I am greatly indebted and very glad to express my sincere appreciation and profound respect to my honorable teacher Dr. Md Asaduzzaman, Assistant Professor, Department of Marine Bio-resource Science, CVASU for his valuable advice, guidance, suggestions and inspiration during the research work.
I sincerely express deepest sense of gratitude and indebtedness to our honorable Vice- chancellor Prof. Dr. Goutam Buddha Das and Prof. Dr. Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan, Dean, Faculty of Fisheries, CVASU for their supportive administrative co- ordination to fulfill my research.
I am also acknowledging the Lab Assistant, Technicians and supporting staffs of Oceanography lab, faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University for their help.
Finally, I am forever indebted to my beloved parents for their patience and encouragement. I am also thankful to all my classmates for their friendly co-operation.
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Table of Content
Chapter Name Topic Page No.
Title Page Authorization Signatures Page Acknowledgements Table of Contents List of Tables List of Figures List of Appendices
Abbreviations and Symbols Abstract
I II III IV V-VI
VII VIII IX
X XI
Chapter One Introduction 1-2
1.1 Objectives of the research 2
Chapter Two Review of Literature 3-6
Chapter Three Materials and Methods 7-11
3.1 Collection of samples
3.2 Measurement of morphometric characteristics 3.3 Statistical analysis
7 8-10 10-11
Chapter Four Results 12-20
4.1 Analysis of Morphometric and Landmark Distance Measurements
4.2 Analysis of R-statistical Packages 4.3 Wilks’ Lambda Test
4.4 Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) 4.5 Original and Cross Validated Count 4.6 Sample Centroids Analysis
4.7 Biplot Analysis
4.8 Contribution of Morphometric Variables
12 13 13-14 14-15 15-16 16 17-18 18-19
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4.9 Dendrogram Based Analysis 19-20
Chapter Five Discussion 21-24
Conclusion
Recommendations and Future Perspectives References
Appendices
Brief Biography of the Author
25 26 27-34 35-43 44
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List of Tables
Table No. Title Page No.
Table 01 Collection of Hilsha fish samples from the major migratory routes including sea, estuary and different rivers of Bangladesh
7
Table 02 General morphometric characters and their descriptions used for the analysis
9-10
Table 03 The mean ± SD of the standardized six morphometric measurements and twenty-two truss distances (in cm) of different Hilsha shad population
12
Table 04 Eigenvalues, percentage of variance and percentage of cumulative variance of morphometric measurements and truss distances of Hilsha shad populations based on the canonical discriminant function analysis by R-statistical packages
13
Table 05 Wilks’ lambda test of different morphometric measurements and truss distances for verifying differences among different populations of Hilsha shad
14
Table 06 Pooled within-group correlations between discriminating variables and standardized canonical discriminant functions of different morphometric measurements and truss distances of Hilsha shad populations based on discriminant function analysis
14
Table 07 Percentage of specimens classified in each group and after cross-validation for different morphometric measurement and truss distances of Hilsha shad population based on the discriminant function analysis
15
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List of Figures
Figure No. Title Page No.
Figure 01 Map of Bangladesh showing sampling sites of Hilsha shad 08
Figure 02 Morphometric characters and locations of the 12 landmarks points used for the shape analysis of anadromous Hilsha shad stock variations
09
Figure 03 Sample centroids of the discriminant function scores based on the seven morphometric measurement (A), twenty-two truss distances (B) and combining seven morphometric measurements and twenty-two truss distances (C) of different Hilsha shad population
16
Figure 04 Biplot of the first two principle components of the morphometric variables and different Hilsha shad population for seven morphometric measurement (A, B), twenty-two truss distances (C, D) and combining seven morphometric measurements and twenty-two truss distances (E, F) by principal component analysis using R-statistical package
17
Figure 05 List of the major morphometric variables contributed to the first principal component (left image) and second principal component (right image) of different Hilsha shad population
19
Figure 06 Dendrogram based on seven morphometric measurements and twenty-two landmark distances of the different anadromous Hilsha shad population
20
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LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix No.
Title Page
No.
Appendix I Comparative studies on T. ilisha collected from six (06) different habitats for morphometric characters and truss measurements
35-36
Appendix II Comparison among the population based on morphometric characters and their contribution in differences
37-43
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Abbreviations and Symbols
Abbreviations G SD
: :
Full Gram Standard Deviation
% : Percentage
Cm : Centimeter
SPSS DM
: :
Statistical Package for Social Science Dimension
GDP : Gross Domestic Product
DoF : Department of Fisheries
FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization
° : Degree
PCA : Principal Component Analysis
PC : Principal Component
DFA : Discriminant Function Analysis
DF : Discriminant Function
sp. : Species
> : Greater than
<
et al.
: :
Smaller than Associates
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Abstract
The morphometric character plays an important role in management of Hilsha shad in the aquatic habitat of Bangladesh. Fish samples were collected from 6 regions as Kuakata (Sea), Meghna Estuary (ME), Meghna River (MR), Lower Padma River (LPR), Upper Padma River (UPR), Upper Jamuna River (UJR) of Bangladesh. Landmark-based morphometric characters were examined to evaluate the population status and variation among these six regions. The observed characters suggest that there are morphologic differences among the Hilsha fish due to their geographical distribution, availability of food, difference in various water quality parameters, and also for their variation in habitats. The discriminant functions analysis (DFA) showed an overlapped in all the stocks of T. ilisha. Discriminant functions 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 accounted for 47.3%, 24.6%, 12.7%, 9.1% and 6.3% of the variation which indicates variation among the stocks. The principal component 1 to 5 accounted for 27.16%, 20.08%, 13.17%, 8.136% and 6.616%
of variation. Wilk’s Lambda test also indicates highly significant characteristics among stock. The discriminant function analysis showed that 93.05% original grouped populations correctly classify their populations whereas in the cross-validation test exhibited 86.23% correctly classify their populations. Discriminant function scores of sample centroids; MR was isolated in truss distance and combination of all morphometric characters. The Biplot analysis showed that the maximum diversified populations were UPR, Sea and MR and much variation has seen in HL and D3-9 for morphometric and truss distances. For the first and second principal component maximum contribution in variance were in D2-9, D3-9 and HL. Dendogram analysis also displayed that the individual Hilsha population of ME was the greater homogeneity with LPR and UJR and UPR and MR showed the higher heterogeneity. In future this research finding will be help policy makers to initiate future policy and researchers for the management and conservation of Hilsha population. Nevertheless this research requires further effort in particular, the integration of molecular methods which may help to realize on the taxonomy of Hilsha.
Key words: Biplot, dendrogram, discriminant function, morphometric measurements, Tenualosa ilisha, truss distance.
