in partial fulfillment of the Bachelor of Science in Mechanical Engineering degree.

The project was carried out in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the graduated mechanical engineer of the year 2022 and was confirmed in terms of style and content. Compressed air coming through the pipes into the cylinder pushes out the piston, and the power is transferred to the punch through a link. The resulting workpiece has the required dimensions and can be assembled with the offset supplied in the die. The die used in this is fixed, allowing a die of the desired shape to be used as needed.

A die is located on the opposite side of the workpiece and helps localize the shear forces for a cleaner edge by supporting the material around the perimeter of the hole. Because there is a small gap between the punch and the die to prevent the punch from sticking, less force is required to form the hole. The required clearance is determined by the thickness of the material, thicker materials require more clearance, although the clearance is always less than the thickness of the workpiece.

After the punch is retracted, the punch press drives the punch through the workpiece, creating a hole with a diameter equal to the punch, or slightly smaller. The air is compressed in an air compressor and the flow medium is transferred to the pneumatic system of the compressor installation. Although machines are one of the most expensive investments you make for your business, they will quickly pay for themselves thanks to the increased productivity they can deliver.

These machines often use program logic controllers, which are considered the heart and brains of the machine's automation.

Benefits of Pneumatics

COMPRESSED AIR

One of the elements that determines the life of a compressor is the cleanliness of the suction air. Suction air that is warm and moist will cause more condensation to form in the compressed air. Displacement compressors are commonly used in compressed air systems and have proven to be very effective in supplying air for pneumatic control applications.

When a large amount of air is required at low discharge pressures, turbo compressors are used. They are rarely seen in pneumatic service because they cannot achieve the pressure required for pneumatic control applications unless designed in multi-stage designs.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Introduction PNEUMATICS
Reliability
Storage
Safety
Advantages
Limitations
METHODOLOGY

Objective
Line Diagram
Working Principle
List of The Components We Used
Structure & Innovation
Considerations in Design
Material Selection Procedure

❶ When compressed gas is stored, it can be used to power machinery when the power goes out. ❶ The control valve, which applies a specified load reliably and with minimal effort, is the most notable advantage of the pneumatic system. ❷ Various materials ranging from thin foils to metal plates can be pierced to create desired shapes.

❶❶ The operation is quite fluid and we can achieve more output with less work in this system. ❶❷ This technique can be used to make markings in industrial materials, such as a company's name, address or product number. The main goal of this project is to develop and manufacture a simple and portable punching machine that eliminates the need for expert labor.

The lever must be adjusted so that the required air under pressure reaches the solenoid valve. By providing a one-way air supply, the compressed air pushes the pneumatic cylinder down, causing the piston to travel down. Due to a slight time delay, the solenoid valve changes the air flow in the opposite direction.

Due to the change in the direction of the air flow, the piston of the pneumatic cylinder swings up at this time. The goal of design is to construct a strategy to meet a specific requirement or correct a problem. If the strategy leads to the construction of physical reality, the product must be functional, safe, reliable, competitive, usable, manufacturable and marketable.

The strength required of an element in a system can sometimes be a determining factor in the geometry and dimension of an element. When we say "design consideration," we're talking about a feature that affects the design of an element or, in some cases, the entire system. An engineer should be able to create a clear picture of all the features necessary for this product to successfully perform its intended function, without any prior knowledge of the material or manufacturing technique.

Fig 3.2 : Line Diagram of Pneumatic Punching Machine

There are three key areas where these requirements will fail

Complete Project Picture

PNEUMATICS CONTROLLING COMPONENTS

Pneumatic Cylinder

23 Linear motion is defined as moving along a straight path, such as an apple falling from a tree or the closing of a sliding door.

We'll be using two different types of cylinders

Single Acting Pneumatic Cylinder

The piston rod is pushed out of the cylinder by compressed air in a pressure cylinder (stroke or extension). The piston rod is pulled inside the cylinder by compressed air in a pull cylinder (stroke or retraction). The retraction mechanism is achieved by an external force or gravity in less frequent variants of single-acting cylinders.

Single-acting cylinders have a simple design and are cheaper because they use less air. Clamping, punching and positioning are all examples of applications where force is applied in a single direction.

Fig 4.2: Single Acting Pneumatics Cylinder

Double Acting Pneumatics Cylinder

The 26 piston and rod combination is moved by compressed air in both directions, it moves faster and more precisely. Double-acting cylinders, on the other hand, use more compressed air and are more expensive. In the event of sudden pressure or power loss, the location of the piston cannot be identified.

Pneumatics Cylinder Piston

In most cases, a piston is constructed by of

The piston moves forward when the high pressure air is rotated from the right side of the cylinder. The piston moves backwards when high pressure acts on the piston from the left side of the cylinder. The machine's efficiency and economy depend primarily on the function of the piston.

It must operate with minimum friction in the cylinder and must be able to withstand the high compressor force developed in the cylinder and also the shock load during operation.

The piston should have the following characteristics

Pneumatics Cylinder Piston Rod
Pneumatics Cylinder Cover Plates
Directional Control Valve
Working Principle of A Directional Control Valve
Pipes & Fittings
Seal’s & Pipe Connector
Frame/Structure
Nuts & Bolts
Air Compressor Machine

The coupling connects the other end of the piston rod to the other piston rod. It must not bend and must be able to withstand shock loads from the grinding force. The piston moves inside the cylinder's lower cover plate, where the rod seal is attached.

As the rod moves back and forth through the cylinder, the sealing mechanisms prevent air loss from the bottom. To get the applied pressure from the compressor and act on the gear, the cylinder must be closed. The cover plates at both ends of the cylinder then seal the cylinder and prevent air leakage.

There is an inlet port on the top cover plate and exhaust ports on the bottom cover plate. The cylinder cover plate protects the cylinder from dust and other particles while maintaining the same compressor pressure. During the return stroke the piston hits the top plate and at the end of the forward stroke it hits the bottom plate.

They are the most common components in pneumatic systems, and they can be used to control, for example, a cylinder, a larger industrial valve or air tools. The lever is pushed forward, causing air to flow into one side of the cylinder, causing the piston rod to expand. The lever is pushed back, allowing air to flow into the cylinder from the opposite side, causing the piston rod to return to its original position.

The flow rate, pipe diameter, pipe length and geometry all affect how two different pipes connect the operational valve to the working cylinder pressure drop through and the air line. Because pressure drop via bends and fittings is specific to the internal geometry involved, it can only be measured by empirical tests. Rigid pipes, on the other hand, are less manipulated when using bends with arrangements that require variable air flow, which may be fluctuating or pulsating.

The temperature of the air or gas increases dramatically during the compression process, making it necessary to cool the gas, especially when the compression is large enough.