The benefit of a dairy farm undeniably depends on the favorable and conceptual execution of the animals. The current study found that calving time was longer than ideal, which may well be due to board factors.
Cost and returns of the Cross-bred dairying
Milk production per cross-bred cows was higher (5.66 liters) than that of nearby cows (2.23 - liters). The normal lactation period for cross-reproducing cows was 304 days, while the comparison figure for close cows was 210 days.
Examination of relative productivity
The results of the investigation showed that cross-reproduced cows per farm were more in number (2.55) than neighborhood cows (0.65). The investigation saw that the small and minimal farmers by keeping 3-4 cross-breed dairy cows rather than native dairy cows could make money by receiving family dairy farming or scaled down dairy farming as a vocation.
CHAPTER–III
- Introduction
- Selection of study areas
- Sample Procedures
- Selection of sample farms for the study
- Study type and information assortment
- Technique for information assortment, time and dependability of information
- Method of Data Collection
- Period of Data Collection
- Measures used to record farm data
- Qualitative measures
- Quantitative Measures
- Measures of farm profitability 3.11.1: Annual farm income
- Annual farm cost/expenses
- Annual farm operating profit
- Annual operating profit/cow
It is not possible to make a survey that covers all the farms of the study areas. For this reason, sampling was conducted to select representative small-scale dairy farms to minimize the time and cost of the study.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Introduction
General profiles of dairying in various dairy farms
- Socio-economic profiles of Small-Scale Dairying Farm Owners
- Oversight and the executive practices of for Small Scale Dairying
- Housing Practices of in dairying
- Feeds and Feeding systems of dairy rearing practices
- Production potentials of dairying system
- Disease occurrences in small scale dairying
- Distribution herd sizes of studied dairy farms
The distinction in educational status, principled calling and reason for cultivating the owners had no great relationship with the size of the ranch anyway. A large portion of ranch owners (70.83%) accept dairy farming as an additional form of income. The ventilation status of most farm houses was found to be good with a window on one or both sides, approximately 39.17%.
Most of the farms around 64.17% are facilitated additional artificial air flow by electric fan with natural air access in the farm houses. Registered farms with the regular operation of mainly home-supplied and partly purchased green grass and dry roughage along with cash-purchased concentrate about 41.67% of the farm owners. Most of the farm owners, approx. 85.00%, were used to feeding practices with their own formulated mixed feeds, and approx. 15.00% farm used ready made concentrate for their cows.
Most farm owners (34.17%) revealed that pregnant cows lie between 25% and 35% of their milk group size. Recurrences of diseases in cows of individual dairy farms are recorded and reviewed against the incidence of basic types of diseases in different classes of homesteads, summarized in Table-6. The beneficial and regenerative properties of the observed dairy cows in relation to the financial profiles are examined for clear thoughts on the cultivation status of the limited range of milking exercises in Table 7.
The results from the above table were traced most of the farms (58.46%) declared that the normal duration of lactation of cows observed according to different classifications of dairy farms was found below the level of 241 to 260 days. Distribution of herd sizes of the studied farms of small scale observed commercial dairy farms which consists of dairy cows, dry cows, heifers, calves, bulls and bulls etc.
Assessment of Cost, Returns and profitability of dairying system
- Costs of dairying at different categories of farms
- Feed Cost of Rearing Dairy Cows
- Labour cost of rearing dairy cows
- Veterinary and medicine charges of rearing dairy cows
- Cost of capital of Rearing Dairy Cows
- Artificial Insemination charge of Rearing Dairy Cows
- Available marketing channels of dairy farm product (Milk)
The money cost for feed per cow every year small, medium and large size farms was discovered Tk.38,744.2 Tk.40,293.00 and Tk.36,921.50 individually and discovered it was evaluated higher for medium size of dairy farms. Table-9: Assessment of per cow per lactation/annual cost of commercially operated crossbred dairy farms. The veterinary costs are covered respectively approximately and 7.54 percent of the total cost per lactation year per cow for small, medium and large size dairy farms (Table-9).
The amount of housing cost per cow per lactation year per cow stood at nearly Tk.4383.75, Tk. 4305.00 respectively and the housing cost covered approximately and 5.02 percent of the total cost per location year per cow for small, medium and large size dairy farms respectively (Table-9). The normal managed insemination cost per cow was discovered Tk.387.20, Tk.385.00 and Tk.341.00 for small, medium and enormous farms separately.
Table-10: Estimate per cow per lactation year of yields from commercially operated crossbred dairy farms. The normal get back from the sale of milk and milk items per cow every lactation year was discovered Tk. The general advertising channels of milk under a limited range of dairy exercises have been entirely inspected and prominent derivations are depicted in table 11. The recognized general members were distinguished as the homestead owners, buyers at farm entrance/family level, buyers at nearby market, buyers at peri-metropolitan market, neighborhood Gosh, sweetmeat shops, nearby Bepari, milk cooperatives and milk processors (Table-11).
CHAPTER-V
PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Introduction
Problems faced by the dairy farmers
- Low prices of milk
- Scarcity of quality feeds and fodders
- Conception failure of dairy cows
- Variation in market demand of produced milk and fluctuated of input prices
- Occurrences of diseases
- Deficient vet. care and administrations
- Distant of AI point
- Lack of training & extension work
- Fraudulent practice by milk traders and daily labours
- Non availability of good Bull and quality Semen
- Lack of credit facilities
- Feed poising and mineral deficiency
This problem was greater at farms with small classifications than at other meetings, as 100% of farm owners were present (Table 12). The issue of low value milk was taken up by dairy farm owners, totaling about 80.77 percent of farm owners. The magnitude of this problem for small farm owners was detected lower (72.50 percent) than other two classifications of farm owners (Table 12).
Infections affect milk yield and reduce the amount of efficiency, which causes financial misfortunes on the dairy farms. It is a significant requirement to raise cows and about 67.69 percent of dairy owners generally surveyed incidences of infections as a problem and also found that it was lower if there were to be an incidence of small ranches than for different classes of household farming. due to better administration and management of ranch cows (Table-12). It was traced that about 39.23 percent of dairy ranch owners dealt with issues of distance of man-made.
About 39.23 percent of dairy ranch owners were found to be dealing with remoteness issues of artificial intelligence community, which was higher around 44% if large homestead owners appeared (Table-12). The malpractice of milk traders and it works every day is another problem detailed by dairy ranch owners. In the investigation territory, it was found that most of the owners of dairy ranches were offering milk to Goala at home.
Suggested measures to tackle the Problems
- Reduced the Prices of feeds & fodder
- Minimized variation in demand of milk and milk products
- Make availability of quality semen and trained AI personnel
- Proper feeding, housing and management practices
- Expansion of AI facilities at reasonable distance
- Controlling of fraudulent practices
- Make available credit facilities
Most smallholder dairy farmers purchase feed and feed ingredients from local markets/stores. But AI facilities that have not yet been developed near the studied farms do not have enough quality seed at available points even there. As a result, most of the calves were found underweight, weak and the AI staff was not trained enough.
The productivity of the herd on the farms depends on the proper feeding, housing and management practices of the dairy cows on the farms. So, scientific feeding, housing and management practices should be introduced to obtain maximum yield from the dairy cows. Due to the lack of quality bull in the study areas, most of the farms are adopting AI techniques for breeding their cows under the government.
Developing advisory services for trained farm people to develop knowledge and skills for smooth farm management. As a result, farm cash flow was disrupted due to fraudulent practices in dairy farm operations in the study areas. Almost all dairy farm owners were young, and in some cases there were a few female farm entrepreneurs.
CHAPTER-VI
SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary of the study
Banks, NGOs and other monetary foundations are additionally coming forward to help ranchers set up dairy farms through lending and providing essential preparations. The sample dairy farms were chosen from three classifications in which commercial dairy of a limited size is purposefully grown. They chose corporate dairy farms classified as small (dairy cow not exactly or equal to 5), medium (dairy cow fluctuates 6 to 10) and huge (dairy cow more than 10 cows) among two areas in Bangladesh.
An important visit was made to 2 areas headquarters DLS office to select tests for internal and external examination according to their ideas and population density of dairy ranches. Mainly all out of 12 small size, 8 medium size and 4 huge size business dairy ranches were selected purposefully from each region for study. At length, 120 dairy farms (60 small size, 40 medium size and 20 huge homesteads) were selected from the selected four study zones.
The results of the monetary investigation showed that each of these dairy ranches urged independent thinking about the real circumstances of the review region. In this investigation, we have completed the financial profiles, creation, and disease management frameworks of limited scale dairy ranches in various homestead classifications. Advantage cost ratio (BCR) was represented and 1.53 individually for small, medium and large dairy farms.
Policy recommendations
From this investigation it can be seen that, the excessive costs of feed and feed, the low costs of milk, the lack of value of care and feed, the frustration of the origin, the variety in the interest of the established milk market and the sources of information, Self inadequate. In the event that these issues could be reduced, dairy farm owners with limited scope and young collection of individuals would be inclined to try milk production economically. In this way, milk production of limited scope would give a chance to create business freedom for unemployed peri-urban/metropolitan individuals and would have the possibility to bring more wage money an outcome that can take a share important in empowering young people and alleviating needs.
Limitation of Research Work
Preliminary investigation in the endocrine systems of the location of subfertile cattle of a common limiting step of the extent of the lesion. 2003). Livestock status and potential in the context of agricultural development policy in Bangladesh (Research Report/Working Paper, No. 183890). Comparative study on production and reproductive performance of different milk genotypes grown in dairy farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University.
1998). The availability of fodder and feeding practices followed by the farmers in some areas of Mymensingh district. Management-related variation in the health and fertility status of cows on mini-dairies. Shamsuddin, M., Goodger, W.J., Hossein, M.S., Azizunnesa, Bennett, T., and Nordlund, K., (2006): Survey to identify economic opportunities for small dairy farms in Bangladesh.
Study the effect of lactation sequence number and different breeds on milk yield, SNF, milk fat and milk proteins.
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