Investigating the performance of a rural duck breeding system in some selected areas in Bakergonj. The majority of farmers in Bangladesh rear 77.29 percent of chickens and 84.41 percent of ducks of the total population, respectively (Hague et al., 2001). Recent duck population estimates range from 8% to 25% of the total chicken population (DLS, 2020).
There are more than 200 registered duck farms in Bakergonj upazila of Barishal district. Unfortunately, the performance and profitability of the partial waste farming system have not yet been evaluated. To identify the main problems and perspectives of the domestic duck farming system in the study.
Most of the family has raised ducks under the backyard system, but some young people are taking initiative in small-scale duck farming. A simple random sampling technique was followed for collecting the necessary data to obtain the specific objectives of the study. The highest number of ducklings (27.6 percent) was detected in April-June, indicating that farmers hatched eggs for ducklings before the start of the rainy season.
Most of the farmers said that sexual maturity of deshi duck breeds reached between 5.5-6 months and average egg production per year 116 eggs/year.
Rural household duck rearing system followed by the owners of ducks
It was observed that the total egg production per bird was higher in ducks than in chickens (Sazzad 1986 and Huque et. al. 1990). Structure of family ducks and its production according to season-use pattern and age group of ducks in different households. Because it is readily available and inexpensive, 78 percent of respondents fed their birds a mixture of cooking rice and rice polish.
A wide variety of bait foods were available including snails, duckweed, earthworms, crabs, frogs, land and water inserts. It is found that most household farmers use rice polish (34%) and a small number of farmers use wheat bran (1%) as duck feed. Most households reported that ducks were most affected during the winter season, and that they slaughtered ducks when they were sick.
58 percent of farmers say that duck plague and duck cholera are the main causes of death, while the rest say they were unaware of the diseases and could not identify them. A significant number of households do not vaccinate their ducks regularly due to lack of vaccines and lack of awareness. Various data such as the literary level of the duck farmers, the annual income level of the duck farmers, the land holding sizes of the farm owners, distribution of ducks and distribution of ducks by breed.
Family duck structure and their production per season (percentage), breeding and hatching system, profitability, marketing system, etc. are collected among the study areas.
CHAPTER - III
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Socio-economic status of the duck owners
Literary level of the duck farmers
Literacy level No. of households(N=30) Percentage
Income level No. of households (N=30) Percentage
Land holding sizes of the farm owners
Land holding size No. of households (N=30)
Percentage
Land utilization pattern of the farmers
Duck distribution
Utilization pattern and age group of ducks in different households
Distribution of ducks according to breed
In the study areas, it revealed that max 63.8 percent of the reared duck in the breed was found Deshi mix race, Deshi black 24.2 percent and mine was found Zending race around 2.5 percent. Table-9: Different types of feed ingredients and their percentage used by the farmers. Duck mortality is high in winter and due to less vaccination mortality varies from place to place.
Table 10: Average age of first laying with season of year with peak production and egg production per year with mortality rate. It was found that most of the householders use the natural procedure of hatching by using a chicken and also by brooding the chicken itself.
Profitability of Duck rearing system
The average egg production of the Deshi duck and duck under study population is 116 per duck per year. Moreover, the cost for production and maintenance of ducks is very low due to feeding on natural resources. The study result by household and per bird finally found that the gross and net return and BCR was Tk.
So, all considering these economic performance indices, the rural duck farming under study is a profitable livestock enterprise as a farm business.
CHAPTER-IV
SUMMERY AND CONCLUSION
CHAPTER-V
PROBLEMS AND RECOMMENDATIONS PROBLEMS FACED BY THE FARMERS
RECOMMENDATIONS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Review of household poultry production as a tool in poverty reduction with focus on Bangladesh and India. Effect of incubation humidity and flock age on hatchability characteristics and post-hatching growth in Pekin ducks. Carcass and organ characteristics of Muscovy ducks reared under three management systems in Southeastern Nigeria.
Status of domestic ducks and its associated factors under the scavenger system in a southern area of Bangladesh. 2nd International Poultry Show and Seminar (pp. An overview of the current status and management of mangrove swamp habitats in Bangladesh with emphasis on mangrove fisheries and aquaculture. Investigation of the production system of existing ducks in the Potuakhali district of Bangladesh and the development of a self-sufficient duck rearing model under semi-scavenging system on the condition of the farmer.
2006).Effect of traditional dried rice husk incubation techniques on hatching of duck eggs. 2012). Comparative Performance and Hematoma-Biochemical Profile of Jinding Ducks in Different Production Systems of Bangladesh. The use of duckweed (Lemna perpusilla) as a protein food product in the diet of semi-scavenging ducks of the mushroom layer.
Research on rural duck production systems in selected areas of Bangladesh. Livestock research for rural development Variations in body weight, wing length and condition of Mallard Ana's platyrhynchos platyrhynchos and their relationship to environmental changes.
APPENDIX
