Studying policy makers' understanding of public perception of climate change and global warming. To know the views of policymakers on the responsibility of managing climate change. What are policymakers' views on the impact of climate change on development and poverty reduction?
Scope
Prelude
Definition of weather, climate, climate change, global warming and policy maker
- Weather
- Climate
- Climate Change
- Global Warming
Furthermore, the circulation of the atmosphere and oceans are also subject to internal changes on time scales ranging from weeks to millennia. )t is. Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (eg, using statistical tests) from changes in the mean and/or variability of its properties, and that persists over a long period, typically decades or longer. (IPCC, 2014). The increase in the temperature of the earth's atmosphere caused by the increase in special gases, especially carbon dioxide.'.
Global Climate Change and Bangladesh
34; a climate change that is directly or indirectly attributed to human activity that is after the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods." As a result of rising sea levels, part of the coastal areas may permanently be flooded; Low rainfall will continue to cause drought, desertification in Barindra areas and insufficient groundwater recharge in drier parts of the country.
Public Perspective to Climate Change
One of the key reasons is Bangladesh's unfavorable geographical location at the bottom of three mighty river systems - Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna, with a long coastal belt where most of the country is low-lying and flat. The country has no control over its water resources, as more than 92 percent of the annual runoff that flows through Bangladesh into the Bay of Bengal enters the country from the upper riparian state. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions requires concerted efforts at national and international levels and is likely to be slow due to the persistence of the global climate system.
Trend of climate variables in Bangladesh
Therefore, timely action to mitigate the causes of global climate change is critical, but hampered by a lack of political commitment, institutional barriers and technical hurdles. Similarly, the analysis of the following figure shows that the maximum temperature in 1980 was 30.2°C or slightly more, while in 2013 it increased to 30.8°C. Not only the average temperature or the average minimum or maximum temperature, increasing trends in humidity are also clearly visible (Figure 4).
Policy Makers
Quantitative approach was adopted to investigate a variety of potentially salient influences on perceptions of and behavioral responses of policy makers to climate change. It is clear that this study builds on the findings of previous research, by providing a more interdisciplinary and in-depth analysis of policy makers' understanding and response to climate change in Bangladesh. Quantitative approach was used in the research work to give an insight into how individuals construct discourses of understanding and behaviour, and to analyze a range of influences on understanding and behaviour.
Quantitative methods are generally associated with a 'positivist' paradigm; while qualitative methods are more typically based on a 'constructivist' epistemology. However, while these associations are often present, they should not imply that qualitative and quantitative methods are inherently incompatible (Bryman, 1988). To know about the understanding and response of policy makers towards climate change in Bangladesh, data was collected from policy makers which include Members of Parliament (Standing Committee Member), Government officials from joint secretary/equivalent to additional secretaries, bodies advisory, academics or experts. assists in policy making in the climate change arena.
Data has been collected from 61 respondents using Purposive Random Sampling Method from the primary source. The interview schedule for collecting data is completed after the pretest and then the survey is conducted neutrally. All data has been quantified and then analyzed through descriptive, tables, diagrams, image cause and effect correlation, frequencies and principal components analysis.
For principal component analyses, statistical software SPSS was used in the research work which added extra value to the study.
4 Discussion and Analysis
A~cnol Secr«ay of Stardig
Regarding the threat of climate change to human society, the respondents were asked in five categories; whether they think climate change is a threat or not or to some extent. Thus, it is very clear that according to the respondents, climate change will clearly affect the non-human world or the ecosystem. The question now arises whether climate change is man-made or a natural phenomenon.
Consequently, the respondents were asked how much they supported the statement 'climate change is caused by man'. The opportunity and responsibility to avoid catastrophic climate change is in your hands (New Age, 2011). From these statistics it can be clearly deduced that climate change will seriously affect the natural resources as well as the ecosystem.
The study shows that 61 respondents at the level of policy formulation and implementation were asked about the effect of climate change on the economy, food security and. 75% are not sure about the impact of climate change on the economy, infrastructure and food security (Figure 12). Surprisingly no one answered that climate change has no impact on the economy, food security and infrastructure.
Now the question arises whether this is the only Bangladesh that will suffer from the effects of climate change.
Among the respondents, 30 respondents (49.18%) believe that climate change is a central issue for development and poverty alleviation. 14 respondents {22.95%} answered that climate change is to some extent a central issue for development and poverty alleviation. Governments all over the world are facing the problem of global warming and climate change (GWCC), the main challenges which are mainly caused by greenhouse gas concentrations due to human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels (IPCC, 2007b).
Based on the above climate change and global warming statistics, responses were manifold (Figure 16). 7 respondents (11.48%) are not sure that climate change and global warming are different, and 5 (8.20%) of respondents have no comment on the issue. Respondents were then asked whether they thought climate change was a personal risk.
36.07% of respondents think that climate change is not a personal risk, while 3.28% have no comment on it (Figure 17). Like many other developing countries, Bangladesh will be one of the biggest victims of climate change. Regarding this aspect, respondents were asked whether they think climate change is a serious problem for Bangladesh like other countries or not.
In response, 75.41% of respondents think that climate change is a serious problem for Bangladesh, like other countries (Figure 18).
Net No sure
Major Findings of the Study
The study identifies from the view of policy makers that climate change is a clear threat to human society and that it also seriously affects the non-human world or the natural ecosystem. More than 80% of respondents think that climate change is a clear threat to human society and more than 98% of respondents think that it is a clear threat to non-human society as well as to the ecosystem;. Research findings also show that policy makers think that climate change is caused by humans and almost every respondent agrees that it will greatly affect natural resources or natural systems; among the respondents 57.38%.
However, 39.35% of respondents believe that climate change will put a lot of land under water, as predicted by the IPCC (14%). It was also found that 44.26% and 40.98% of the respondents believe that climate change will seriously and moderately affect the economy, food security and infrastructure. As the findings of the study show that climate change is a cross-cutting issue and global in nature, it needs to be addressed not only locally, but to involve the international community.
49.18% of respondents clearly say that climate change hinders development, while 22.95% of respondents think that climate change hinders development to some extent, leading to poverty for a large part of the population; There is a difference of opinion about public opinion on climate change and global warming. 42.62% of respondents strongly believe and 8.20% of respondents believe to some extent that climate change can be a personal risk;
75.41% of the respondents agree with this proposal and 11.48% of the respondents are not sure and 11.48% of the respondents answered negatively about the impact of climate change in Bangladesh like other countries;.
Recommendations
If total greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, climate change could become uncontrollable in fifty years. In this regard, MoPA and MoEF may organize foreign or local short courses, seminars or workshops on climate change. BPATC can also play a crucial role in creating a training course, seminar or workshop of international standard.
The apex institution can also develop an excellent short course or develop a module on climate change of international standards for policy-making level officers as well as mid-level officers. A knowledge repository combining national and global information and knowledge on climate change issues can be created. BPATC can play a crucial role both in the field of research and in making repositories of knowledge for the greater interest of the nation.
CHAPTER
Conclusion
Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (JPCC}, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ICIMOD (2015) Preparing for the Increasing Threat of Climate Change on Population Movements, Available at: www.icimod.ogr/ [Access : 12 June 2015] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2001) Climate Change 2001: Third Assessment Report, Climate Change Impacts, Adaptations and Vulnerability, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IUCH (2010) Case on Climate Change and Child Health in Selected Cities in Southwestern Nigeria, New York: The New York Academy of Medicine. 2012) 'Climate Gate, Public Opinion, and the Loss of Trust', American behavioral scientist, available at:. https:ljenvironment.yale.edu/profile/leiserowitz/publications, [Accessed: May 31, 2015].
New Age (2011) Climate Change and Poverty, Available at:. 1991) 'Risk Management for Global Environmental Change', Global Environmental Change, Vol: 1(2), p. Oxford University Press (2010) Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary, Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2003) 'A globally consistent fingerprint of climate change impacts in natural systems', Nature, p. Available at: http:ljwww.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/bangladesh-is-set-to-disappear-under -the-waves-by-the-end-of-the-century--a. :special-report-by-johann-hari-850938.html, [Accessed: July 13, 2011].
2009) 'Projecting Forest Tree Distribution and Adaptation to Climate Change in Northern Thailand', Journal of Ecology and Natural Environment, Vol.
Interview Schedule
- Climate Change also put effects on cultural, psychologiecal and ethical matters
- Do you think that public differ climate change and global warming?
- Do you think that Climate Change is a serious problem for Bangladesh like other countries?
- Do you think that there are prevailing enough necessary strategy/policy/program to address the issue of Climate Change in Bangladesh?
- As a policy maker or related with policy making, have you receieved any training on climate change at home or abroad?
- Have you attended any national, regional or global progame/conference on climante change?
- If you have attended any programme/conference on climate change, then please specify the type
- To address climate change clear policy is required. How you will evaluate the assumption?
- The Chanllenges of climate change are manageable or some how adaptable
- What sources of information on climate change can be most trustworthy/ valuable to policy makers of Bangladesh?
Do you think there are enough necessary strategy/policies/programs in place to address the issue of climate change in Bangladesh? As a policymaker or involved in policymaking, have you followed training on climate change at home or abroad? Which sources of information on climate change can be most reliable/valuable for policy makers in Bangladesh?
Do you think the policy makers responsible for tackling climate change are on the right track? Which sectors will be seriously affected in the future by climate change in Bangladesh according to your view.
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