This project paper on Asthma: its causes, management and patient awareness at Daffodil International University has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Pharmacy degree and has been given the thumbs up for both its style and content. Muniruddin Ahmed Professor and Head, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Complementary Health Sciences, Daffodil International University. By signing, I certify that the project report, Survey on Asthma: Its Causes, Management, and Raising Patient Awareness at Daffodil International University, has been completed by me under the guidance of Md. Shajib Khan, Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allies. Health Sciences, Affodil.
I am very thankful to my respected project supervisor Md Shajib Khan Lecturer, Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University for his brilliant guidance and persistent supervision as well as for providing essential data related to the assignment and for his help in completing the project. I also want to express my appreciation to all the teachers of Pharmacy Department of Daffodil International University and thank other members for their excellent cooperation with us. Daffodil International University was the subject of this actual research. The purpose of this study is to pinpoint the causes of asthma.
Asthma is the medical term for this chronic inflammation of the airways in the lungs.
History
Psychoanalysts, who understood asthmatic symptoms as an expression of the child's longing to be heard and heard by the mother, believed that people with asthma were more prone to depression.
Epidemiology
39-41] According to data from prospective studies, ACOS is a severe form of asthma that frequently requires hospitalization.
Types of asthma
The most common types of asthma are covered in the sections below
Childhood asthma
Adult-onset Asthma
Occupational Asthma
Difficult-to-control and severe asthma
Seasonal Asthma
Signs and Symptoms of Asthma
Asthma is characterized by bronchial constriction and mucus buildup in the airways, and symptoms include sneezing, runny nose, and difficulty breathing.
Frequent Symptoms
An external obstruction in the lungs may be the cause of stridor, or a reduction in airflow. Chest tightness: Patients say they feel like they are suffocating because the air isn't moving. It can be very distressing for someone to fear that they won't be able to breathe regularly.
Shortness of breath: Knowing the causes of shortness of breath is crucial as it is a typical symptom of asthma. Some people experience the symptom immediately, while others experience it gradually over a period of months or years. Many different people have expressed their experiences with shortness of breath using a wide variety of words.
Some people often find that they cannot achieve as much as they used to and tire much more quickly. Some people may find that they have to take another breath in before they can fully exhale, while others may experience frequent chest tightness.
Symptom Pattern
Rare Symptoms
Causes
Pregnancy
Obesity
Allergies
Smoking tobacco
Environmental factors
Air pollution, both at home and outdoors, can influence the development and triggers of asthma.
Stress
Genetic factors
Hormonal factors
Diagnosis
The Global Asthma Initiative describes it as "long-term inflammation of the airways involving various cells and cellular components". Chronic inflammation is associated with airway hyperresponsiveness, resulting in wheezing at night or early in the morning, chest tightness, coughing, and shortness of breath. As there is currently no reliable test available, diagnosis is based on the pattern of symptoms and response to treatment over time.
The diagnosis of asthma can be made based on persistent wheezing and coughing, which is aggravated or aggravated by physical activity, viral diseases, allergens or air pollution. 51] It is more difficult to diagnose children under the age of six because spirometry cannot be used in them.
Spirometry
Others
Clinical classification
Exercise-induced
Occupational
Aspirin-induced Asthma
Alcohol-induced Asthma
Infectious Asthma
Differential diagnosis
Complications
Infants and Children
Pregnant Women
Management
The majority of asthma patients were not included in the asthma efficacy trials that form the basis of the current recommendations for pharmacological therapy. Oral corticosteroids are added to the treatment plan if the exacerbation is moderate or severe. Patients with asthma are more likely to experience anxiety, stress and sadness. This has been linked to a decrease in asthma management [92]. CBT can help asthma patients manage their condition, reduce their anxiety and improve their quality of life.
93] By increasing awareness of the condition among the population and implementing a written action plan, asthma management can be improved. Education that caters to a person's cultural background is likely to be successful. 94] Long-term improvements in the safety of children with asthma can only be made if educators and families are better informed about the condition and are helped to do so by interventions at home and at school.
School-based asthma self-management programs, which work to increase awareness of asthma, its triggers, and the value of routine medical checkups, can reduce the number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations. These therapies can help improve the quality of life for people with asthma, in addition to reducing the number of days a child experiences asthma symptoms. Additional research may be useful for adults with asthma participating in group decision making.
Whether an asthma action plan specific to a person's needs is helpful or necessary. Some asthmatics use pulse oximeters to measure their own blood oxygen levels during an asthma attack.
Lifestyle modification
Asthma symptoms were not affected by aerobic filtration, chemical mite killing, vacuuming, mattress protectors, or other dust mite control measures. Before additional research on weight loss can be conducted, it is important to better understand the quality of life, health care needs, and negative effects on the body of asthmatics of all ages.
Medications
Long-Term Control Medications
Literature Review
Immunobiology of asthma and morphological and functional abnormalities in the lungs of patients with asthma. Wheezing, shortness of breath and a persistent cough are all symptoms of asthma, which is a clinical disease with the possibility of episodic or chronic occurrence affecting the lower part. Acute asthma symptoms can be temporarily relieved by short-acting 2-agonists, but daily inhaled corticosteroids are still the mainstay of treatment for those with chronic asthma problems.
Airway inflammation, reversible airflow limitation, and persistent airway hyperreactivity are all symptoms of asthma, which is a long-term condition affecting the lungs. Recently, genetics have been shown to play an important role in the development of asthma, especially atopic asthma. These factors appear to be responsible for the Th-2 lymphocyte-predominant immunological response associated with atopic disease. Furthermore, IgE-mediated inflammation.
The formation of an airflow blockage can be affected by long-term changes in the airway. The causes of asthma are multifaceted and involve a complex mixture of host genetic, immunological, and environmental variables. We also discuss the ways in which infections influence the prevalence and severity of asthma.
There appear to be no effective solutions to address non-compliance, which has major medical and social consequences. Two basic categories of non-compliance have been identified: unintentional (or "accidental") and intentional (or "planned") non-compliance. Intentional noncompliance occurs when a patient is aware of expectations, yet disobeys them.
Healthcare professionals should be aware that a number of variables can impact patient compliance. Non-adherence is influenced by a number of factors, such as the complexity of the treatment plan, the delivery method, the way the patient perceives the therapy, and other psychological elements.
METHODOLOGY Type of study
Place of the study
Selection of the study place
Sampling Technique
Period of study
Sample size
Selection criteria
Data collection instrument
Procedure of data collection
Data processing and analysis
Gender
The condition of having asthma
Duration
Caused By
Taking Medication
Family History
Genetically Diseases
Follow Up Doctor
Type Of Drug
Effect On Lifestyle
40% of respondents to this survey believe that asthma has an impact on their way of life.
Conclusion
Age of asthma onset as a determinant of different asthma phenotypes in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. An investigation on the effect of smoking on the severity and control of asthma in adults in Sulaimani city. Worldwide asthma severity and control in children and adults: global asthma overviews and reality surveys.
Use of asthma control indicators to measure the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids in smokers with asthma: a systematic review. 21(A) Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University Date of Submission: May 2023 i Table of Contents Chapter One: Introduction and Literature Review S.I Topic Page no. 1.1 Introduction 01 1.2 History 02 1.3 Epidemiology 03 1.4 Types of Asthma 04 -06 1. 1] Other symptoms of asthma include wheezing, chest tightness and shortness of breath.
[31] [32] Since the 1970s, when it was first recognized as a major public health problem, the prevalence of asthma has increased dramatically worldwide. 36] Compared to the European Union average, asthma deaths in Britain increased by almost 5% over the three-year period from 2011 to 2015[37]. Children with asthma symptoms are more likely to visit the doctor after they start school in September. Types of Asthma There are many causes and methods that can cause asthma, but the triggers are often the same.
They can fall into several broad categories, including: • allergic asthma • aspirin-induced asthma • cough-induced asthma • exercise-induced asthma • nocturnal asthma • steroid-resistant asthma • occupational asthma. The most common types of asthma are covered in the section below: Childhood asthma Asthma in children is the most common chronic disease. Asthma in adults At any age, even in adulthood, asthma can occur. Eosinophilic asthma is a different type of asthma that, in severe cases, may not respond to conventional therapies.
Seasonal asthma This type of asthma is caused by seasonal allergens in the environment, which are only present at certain times of the year. It is impossible to distinguish between the 'refractory' and 'difficult to treat' groups in patients who have never used the recommended doses of asthma medications.
