All praise is due to Almighty Allah, the Most Gracious, Merciful, Beneficent, who qualifies the author to succeed in his education in the discipline of fisheries and to complete the research work as well as to submit the thesis for the degree of Master of Science in the Department of Fisheries Management. Special thanks are given to Faculty of Fisheries, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (CVASU), Chattogram by the author. The author must express his gratitude to his friend Saifuddin Rana for unfailing support, bravery and help during this wonderful adventure.
Mintu, a marginal fisherman of Sariakandi Upazila, to whom the author cannot but express his gratitude. Last but not least, the author also wishes to emphasize how grateful he is to his parents and friends for their support, blessings and sacrifice.
Abstract
Chapter: 01 Introduction
Significance
There are several studies conducted in the Jamuna and Bangali river area adjacent to the Sariakandi fish pass, Bogura. But there is a small study on the variation and availability of fishing gear and vessels in the area of the Jamuna and Bangali Rivers adjacent to the Sariakandi Fish Pass, Bogura. But fishing gear and crafts are also linked to the natural stock of various fish species.
Use and limitation of these fishing gears regulate the aquatic species diversity in Jamuna and Bangali river in the study area. This study will guide the correct use of fishing gear and vessels in the area in question.
Objectives
Chapter: 02 Literature Review
- Fisheries status of Sariakandi Fish Pass, Bogura
- Livelihood status of fisher community in the area adjacent to Sariakndi Fish Pass
- Impact of Sariakandi Fish Pass on fisheries diversity of Bangali river, Bogra, Bangladesh
- Hydraulic impact on fish migration in Sariakandi Fish Pass of Bangladesh
- Fish species using the fish passage between Jamuna and Bangali river at Sariakandi, Bogura
- Status of fisher community of Jamuna river in Sariakandi, Bangladesh
- Operational management of Sariakandi Fish Pass
- Analyses of supply chain of fish captured from the Jamuna river in Bangladesh
The Sariakandi Fish Passage was established in 2001 in Sariakandi Upazila, Bogra, to facilitate the passage of fish between the Jamuna and Bangali rivers. However, the fish passage has a favorable impact on the fish variety in the Bangali River, according to the present study. The main purpose of the Sariakandi Fish Passage Project was to convey fish fry, eggs and eggs from the Jamuna River to the Bangali River.
The main objective of the Sariakandi Fish Pass project was to transport seedlings and hatched fish from the Jamuna to the Bangali rivers. According to this study, the fish passage has helped increase the fish variety in the Jamuna River by introducing fish from the Bangali River system.
Chapter: 03 Materials and Methods
- The study area
- Research design
- Sampling procedure
- Questionnaire design
- Data Collection
- Data collection method
- Interview process- a) Individual interview, b) Focus Group Discussion
- Meeting with Upazila Fisheries Officer
- Data processing and analysis
We decided on this sampling method because with this sampling method every single fisherman had the same chance or probability of being selected for an interview. This simple random sampling was done among four unions bordering the Sariakandi Fish Pass – Fulbari, Kajla, Kornibari and Kutubpur unions. All these fishermen participated in fishing in the above-mentioned moorings at the fish pass.
The purpose of this type of questionnaire was to collect descriptive data on fishing gear and crafts. The questionnaire was designed based on information such as the availability of fishing gear, the target species caught by the fishing gear and the Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of the fishing gear. The data collection procedure was done through the use of a questionnaire and also unstructured interviews.
This structured questionnaire was used to collect information from 48 artisanal fishermen from 4 trade unions of Sariakandi upazila. Unstructured interviews were also conducted to extract more information about fishing tools and crafts used in Sariakandi fishing pass area. For the study, sampling at the adjacent fish pass area, Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and resident interview were considered as the procedural methods.
The process of interviewing the fishermen was done in different places such as in their home, in their cooperative association or fishing place. Interviews were conducted with the head of the local fishermen's cooperative association and the Upazila Fisheries Officer of Sariakandi Upazila (Plate 03). Relevant tables and graphs have also been prepared according to the objective of the study for a clear understanding.
Chapter: 04 Result
- Fishing gears used in the study area
- Drag net- a) Tana Jal, b) Thela Jal, c) Moshari Jal, d) Moia Jal, e) Lathi Jal
- Trapping gear- a) China Duari, b) Chandi Bair, c) Polo, d) Darki/ Dhial, e) Bair
- Hook and Line- a) Chip Borshi, b) Wheel Borshi, c) Tana Borshi, d) Daun Borshi
- Cast net- Toira Jal Plate 09: Lift net- Dhormo Jal
- Seine net- Ber Jal Plate 11: Purse net- Suti Jal
- Wounding gear- Koch/ Teta
- Efficiency of various fishing gears with species composition and fisher’s preference
More than 80% of respondents (Figure 03) had one to three gears, which were often of different types. A fisherman had one gillnet, one trawl, and one set of catching equipment; For example. Many fishermen in the study area built their own equipment to save the extra costs.
Forskellige typer redskaber, deres maskestørrelse, målart, antal personer, der opererer, driftsperiode, CPUE (kg/indsats) blev registreret (tabel 01). I undersøgelsesområdet Sar punti (Systomus sarana), Jat punti (Puntius sophore), Kali baush (Labeo calbasu, Rui (Labeo rohita), Katla (Gibelion catla), Sølvkarpe (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix), Dhela (Osteobrama cotio), Tengra (Mystus vittatus), Gulsha Tengra (Tengara mystus), Batasi (Pseudeutropius atherinoides), Kajuli (Ailia coila), Bansh patari (Ailia punctata), Chanda (Chanda nama), Gojar (Channa marulius), Shol (Channa striatus), Taki (Channa punctatus), Bele (Glossogobius giuris), Koi (Anabas testudineus), Boal (Wallago attu), Pabda (Ompok pabda), Khalisha (Trichogaster fasciata), Guchi Baim (Mastacembelus pancalus), Poa (Lepidocephalichthys (guntea), Kavalea. Corica soborna), Iilsa (Tenualosa ilisha), Shing (Heteropneustes fossilis), Magur (Clarius batrachus), Bagha Air (Bagarius bagarius) etc. Ordenen Siluriformes blev fanget i 68% fiskeredskaber og Clupeiformes ordenen blev fanget i 16% fiskeredskaber.
Like this, order Osteoglossiformes in 12% fishing gear, order Mugiliformes in 16% fishing gear, order Perciformes in 72% fishing gear, order Synbranchiformes in 52% fishing gear, Order Anguiliformes in 12% fishing gear and Order Tetraodformes 8% c. fishing equipment (figure 04). The average CPUE (kg/effort) of the 15 identified fishing nets was calculated; it was 2.74. The average CPUE of 15 networks was categorized into three classes as follows: (Table 02) and (Figure 05).
Rate of Being Caught in Gear
- Illegal and destructive fishing gears
- Various appliances
- Fishing crafts used in the study area
- Fisher's socio-economic features with organizational membership
The average catch per load (kg) of 10 fishing gear was categorized into three classes as follows (Table 03)-. The average CPUE or Catch/Haul (kg) of the different catch gear, hook and lines was calculated, the result was 1.24. These gears were classified in the same way that fishing nets were classified by catch/effort (kg) (Figure 06)-.
Ber jal, current jal, china duari, moshari jal, suti jal were prohibited in the study area. A stick was inserted into the water with the positive line of electricity at the head of the stick and the negative line in the water. In this way the electricity carried in the water electrified 15-20 feet of the water area.
The most popular form of fishing vessel in the study area was the motorized Kosha nouka (boat). The boat had no cover, but a deck made of bamboo splits, hardwood planks, or a mixture of both. 46% of respondents predicted a boat life of two years, while 26% of fishermen predicted a boat life of one year (Figure 09).
They used to meet once a week and deposit money into the association at a fixed rate of interest once a month. According to the head of the association, this money was deposited taking into account the future needs of the fishermen and was also used in that way. However, there was disagreement among the fishermen about various activities of the association and the protection of the fishermen's rights.
Chapter: 05 Discussion
- Fishing gears
- Fishing crafts
- Fishing gear and craft selection
- Proliferation of illegal and destructive fishing gears
- Status of fisheries
- Challenges identified
Ber jal (a kind of seine net) with a mesh size of 0.5 cm was used throughout the year in the Jamuna river of Bogura and Sirajganj district. According to Islam et al. 2016), 4 types of hooks and lines were used in Jamuna river in Sirajganj sadar upazila, which were the same in Jamuna and Bangali river in Sariakandi upazila area, Bogura. But in the Sirajganj part of Jamuna River, no information regarding the use of carrying nets, wounding equipment, safety nets and lifting nets, which were used in the study area of Jamuna and Bangali River, was found.
But according to Flowra et al. 2011), four types of fishing vessels were used in the adjacent district of Natore. In Sariakandi fishing pass area, gear efficiency was found to be the most important determining element in fishing gear selection, followed by gear suitability to catch targeted species, fishing season and cost. For this reason, the use of these two types of nets was the most in the study area.
In the study area, among 25 fishing gears, 5 of these were illegal. destructive equipment was 'China Duari.'. According to Paul et al. 2021), Jamuna river in Sirajganj area also faces the destructive behavior of moshari jal which destroyed the juvenile fish. Different fishes were found in the study area mainly under 9 orders and 26 families (Zaman and Naser, 2019).
The use of small mesh size nets resulted in the capture of small fish, possibly indicating a fish reduction in that area. However, one of the most serious management issues according to the fishermen was the government's lack of oversight of fishing activities. The lack of proper fisheries management in the entire river basin has shown that there has been a lack of effective action and true cooperation between the fishermen and the government when it comes to the use of fishing gear, fish species diversity, fishermen's income, fish market operation and overall fisheries. management.
Chapter: 06 Conclusion
Chapter: 07 Recommendations
The warning that breaking the law will lead to severe punishment should be made very clear to fishermen who do so. This will alert other illegal fishermen to the situation and encourage them to follow the law. In order to prevent anyone from buying or manufacturing illegal fishing gear or crafts, Jele Polli (the fishing area) will be under regular surveillance.
For the purpose of producing legal fishing tools and crafts, the authorities should enable the provision of public and private microcredit. Technical support will also be provided to fishermen for the storage and repair of their fishing gear and craft. If the government or non-governmental groups support fishermen, it is reasonable to assume that the fishermen will refrain from illegal fishing activities.
International plan of action to prevent, deter and eliminate illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing in Bangladesh. A case study on fishing gear, fish species composition and folk fishermen community in river jamuna at sirajganj sadar fish landing site. Migration initiation and bioenergetics of selected fishes of Bangladesh (Doctoral dissertation, University of Dhaka).
Questionnaire on
General Information
- Address
- Sex: Male Female
Checklist for Key Informant Interview (KII) of Fishers
- How long you are engaged in fishing activities?
- Where do you go for fishing? How far it is?
- What is the quantity of fish you caught per day/per unit time (kg)? (Species-wise catch)
- Which species is most abundant in which specific area? (Month-wise abundance)
- Which species is less abundant in which specific area? (Month-wise abundance)
- What is the cost of per day fishing?
- What is the price of each kg fish (different species)?
- Which variety is of high demand?
- Which variety is of low demand?
- Over the last 5 years has your income from fishing changed?
- Are you a member of a fishers association?
- Do you own a fishing boat?
- Do you own a fishing net only?
- Do you catch hilsa fish?
Information on Fishing Gear and Craft
- Fishing Gear
- Fishing Craft
- Over the last 5 years, has your hilsa catch?
