CIRCUMSTANCES FOUND IN THREE SELECTED TONY BLAIR S SPEECHES : A SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS
A THESIS
BY :
MUHAMMAD RIZKI
REG. STUDENT NO : 050705054
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulilah, all prise to Allah SWT that has given me all the mercy and blessing. Without the blessing and the mercy, I will not finish my thesis. Selawat and Salam with our prophet Muhammad SAW let peace upon him who has guided us from the darkness to the enlightment in the world as well as in the next world.
I would like to thank to the dean of faculty of letters, Dr. Sahron,M.A, the head of English Department, Dr.H. Muhizar Muchtar,M.S, and the secretary of English Department, Dr. Nurlela,M.Hum. I would like to thank to my Academic Advisor, Dr. Edy Setia,M.Ed.TESP, and all lectures of English Department who given me valuable knowledge during the yer of my study.
Further, I would like to thank to my Supervisor, Dr.H. Muhizar Muchtar,M.S, who has given her valuable time to guide me in my thesis and my Co-Supervision, Dr.Hj. Masdiana Lubis,Mhum, for correcting my thesis.
My highest appreciation and greatest gratitude is dedicate to my beloved parents, H.Mhd. Syahril and Aida, who have supported me with love, care, prayer, advice and Finnancial during my study. I express my deep thanks to my beloved brother, Rudi Syaputra and of course to my beatifull sister Novriana, for their support and prayer. I also thank to all my families who has supported me.
Last but not least, for my juniors Hadi and bro Reza( thank you for the laptop), Kajol, Guy nardo, Ijal, Arif, Dinda, Ade, Yuda, Bayu, and yhe rest stambuk 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010 thanks for the support. And for the Bang Am thank you so much.
At last, I really realize that my thesis is still far from being perfect so all the critics and suggestion hopefully can make the analysis better for the future.
My Allah SWT blesses all of us.
Medan, Maret 2011 The writer,
ABSTRAC
Skripsi in berjudul Circumstances faund In Three Selected Tony Blair s speeches: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan proses yang paling dominan diantara tipe-tipe circumstances yang terdapat dalam tiga pidato Tony Blair. Untuk mendapatkan proses yang paling dominan dipergunakan formula yang dikembangkan oleh Bungin yakni:
n =fxx 100 % dimana; n = persentase jenis
N fx= jumlah total dari jenis process N = jumlah total dari semua process
ABSTRAC
Skripsi in berjudul Circumstances faund In Three Selected Tony Blair s speeches: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Analysis. Skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan proses yang paling dominan diantara tipe-tipe circumstances yang terdapat dalam tiga pidato Tony Blair. Untuk mendapatkan proses yang paling dominan dipergunakan formula yang dikembangkan oleh Bungin yakni:
n =fxx 100 % dimana; n = persentase jenis
N fx= jumlah total dari jenis process N = jumlah total dari semua process
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background
Human are part of social environment. They need to interact, to communicate or to express their idea to others. Speech is one way to communicate or express ideas. Therefore, human need a means to convey what they want. And, language is the best means to solve those problems.
According to Sapir (1921: 8), language is purely human and non instinctive method of communication ideas, emotions, and desires by means of system voluntary produces symbols. In addition, Mario Finochiaro (1974: 20 ) says, language is a of arbitrary, vocal symbols which permits all people in a given culture, or other people who have learned the system of that culture, to communicate or interact . From those definitions of language, we may conclude that speech is a part of language because it is a system of voluntary produces by symbols. Besides that, speech permits all people to communicate or interact.
Language is not only a means of communication but also a social phenomenon. Speech, for some cases, can be a social phenomenon. For example, a speech can motivate somebody or group of people to do something.
Language consists of three levels or strata i.e. phonology/graphology (sounding or writing), lexicogrammatical (saying or wording), and discourse/semantic. Halliday ( 1978 : 40 ) says, ., any text represent an actualization ( a path through the system ) at each level: the level of
One level of language mentioned above is discourse. There are many writers who define the definition of discourse. Followings are some of the definitions:
1. Discourse is language above the sentence or above the clause ( Stubbs, 1983 : 10)
2. Discourse is a category that belongs to and drives from the social domain, and text is a category that belongs to and derives from the linguistics domain. ( Kress, 1985 : 27 ) 3. Discourse is a text which forms a fairly complete unit, which is usually restricted to the
successive utterances of a single speaker conveying a message. ( Hartman and Stork : 1972 )
From the definitions above, we can conclude that discourse is a study related to text and language. Therefore, written text or speech is a kind of discourse that involves context and text. This thesis concerns with one component of the discussion in Discourse Analysis that is circumstance, a component in the ideational meaning.
Ideational meaning consists of a system which is called transitivity. In the concept of transitivity (Halliday, 1994: 107), there are three components of what Halliday calls a transitivity process:
The process itself (realized by a verbal group)
Participants involved in the process (realized by a nominal group)
Circumstance associated with the process (realized by adverbial group or prepositional phrase)
circumstantial constituent in a material, mental, behavioral, or verbal process, or through a relational process.
Circumstantial elements may or may not occur in process, more than not they do occur. In an analysis of the transitivity system with respect to the circumstantial elements, an analysis of circumstantial elements can be done by identifying the types of circumstance associated with the various transitivity processes. Halliday (1994: 152-158) has identified that there are nine major types of circumstance in the English transitivity system, on which analysis can be based : 1.Extent, 2. Location, 3. Manner, 4. Cause, 5. Contingency, 6. Accompaniment, 7. Role, 8. Matter, and 9. Angel.
. Various circumstances are involved in the clauses and associated with the process which are going to be realized through transitivity system.
This thesis analyzes circumstances as one of the ideational meaning components in the clauses found in the three selected Tony Blair s speeches.
who was 46 when he took office in 1993) Blair was re-elected in Parliamentary elections in 2001 and 2005. He stepped down as the prime minister on 27 June 2007 and was succeeded by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Gordon Brown.
Tony Blair is a straight forward person and from his speech he has a power to control and influence his environment. These characteristics fulfill the uses of language i.e. to understand the environment and think the effect of the speech to others. Hence, I choose Tony Blair as my object of the analysis.
1.2 Problems of the Analysis
The problems of this analysis will be:
1. What types of circumstance are found in the three selected Tony Blair s speeches? 2. What is the dominant type of circumstance found in the three selected Tony Blair s
speeches?
1.3 Objectives of the Analysis
The objectives of the analysis are:
1. To find out the types of circumstance occur in the three selected Tony Blair s speeches.
2. To find out the most dominant type of circumstance found in the three selected Tony Blair s speeches.
The results of the analysis are expected to benefit both theoretically and practically. At theoretical level, the results of the analysis are expected to enrich the references of discourse analysis study, particularly circumstantial study. On practical level, the results of this analysis are expected to contribute actual example of discourse analysis to understand about the application of transitivity in speeches. Also to find out what types of circumstance occur in the three selected Tony Blair s speeches.
1.5 Scope of the Analysis
The analysis merely focuses on the types of circumstance in the systems of transitivity on the three selected Tony Blair s speeches which consists of Extent, Location, Manner, Cause, Contingency, Accompaniment, Role, Matter, and Angle. The three selected Tony Blair s
speeches are Speech by Tony Blair at the new world, new capitalism conference in January 8th
, 2009; Tony Blair s speech to the National Prayer Breakfast in February 05th , 2009; Tony Blair
and beyond sport working to show how sport can be replace enmity with friendship in march 26th
, 2009.
CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 WHAT IS DISCOURSE ANALYSIS?Concerning with discourse, there are many linguists and educators who have defined about discourse. Some of them are mentioned below:
1. Kress (1985: 27) says, Discourse is a category that belongs to and derives from the social domain, and text is a category that belongs to and derives from the linguistics domain . What Kress mean here is that discourse and text are different. When one discuss about discourse it is not a product of language is text.
2. Stubbs (1983: 10) says, Discourse is language above the sentence or above clause .
From the definitions of discourse above, it may be concluded that discourse is a study related to text and language. The scope of discourse analysis is wide because discourse analyze units of languages not only in text but also in spoken for example speech, interview, conversation, etc. Listener and readers try to understand every single meaning of the word. In reaching these, the speaker or the writer will try to find the best way in choosing words to link them each other so that the reader or listener easy to understand.
2.2. SYSTEMIC FUNCTIONAL LINGUISTIC THEORY (SFLT)
Systemic Functional Linguistic (SFL) is a theory about language as a resource for making meaning based on a context of situation and a context of culture. SFL was developed by Halliday (1985) a professor of linguistics from university of Sidney, Australia. This theory is based on Firth s system structure theory. Firth (1935) developed Malinowski s concepts of context of situation and context of culture. His works were subsequently developed by Halliday, whose theory of language-in- context is generally known as systemic functional linguistic (SFL). The interesting development of systemic functional linguistics theory in Malinowski and Firth s time was the attention paid to the study of the inter-relatedness of language and context in theory and practice. Modeling language-in- context theoretically, describing and applying the model in question in various areas of human activity have been the trademark of Systemic Functional Linguistics Theory (SFLT). Sinar (2007: 44-45)
called Linguistics . It is a language-based on theory which is used to investigate the phenomena of language. Sinar (2007 :44-45).
SFLT can be used for analyzing text as a form of discourse. Halliday (1994) says, The aim has been to construct a grammar for purposes of text analysis: one that would make it possible to say sensible and useful things about any text, spoken and written in modern English The text that is analyzed, including literary, ethnographic, educational, pedagogical and so on.
It is obvious that when analyzed text, the grammar becomes prominent thing to describe how language works. Therefore, grammar and meaning are closely related. Grammar becomes a study of how meanings are built up through the use of words
when language acts are performed as the expression of meaning. The way how language works involves the idea that a language consists of a set of systems, each of which offers the speakers (or writer) a choice of ways expressing meanings because the forms of the language that is used by a speaker represents meanings.
In using language to express meaning, a speaker has a linguistic choice that allows him/her to change the order of groups of words or in other words, the speaker is given allowance to use many ways of language use, for example: when a speaker intents to know the time, she/he may use his/her own expressions the language offers such as:
1. What s the time? 2. What time is it, please?
3. Would you mind telling the time, please? 4. Tell me the time, please
Those are different form of expressions. The first and second one are interrogative forms, the third is requesting form. The fourth one is imperative form while the last one is declarative form.
Most of linguistics choices a speaker makes are unconscious. He/she never makes a conscious choice among the available language forms. He/she had chosen the best form to express or to convey the meaning.
It is clear that grammar and meaning (semantic) are related each other either in spoken or written language. SFLT believes that such a kind of relation is one of realization. Therefore, the linguistic analysis of texts can help us to find out why some texts are more effective than other texts at communicating information. Text analysis is advantageous in giving us a better understanding of the nature of language use in English in many fields.
SFLT puts a great interest in the relation between language and context. If a text can be understood by the speakers or writers, there is a great deal about the context in which the text occurs can be revealed. Therefore, SFLT has been described as a functional semantic approach to language which explores how people use language in different context, and how language is structured for use as a semiotic system.
2.2.1 M
The Ideational Function, The Interpersonal Function, and The Textual Function. Sinar (2007 : 55-57)
2.2.1.1 T I F
The ideational function relates to the inner and outer worlds of reality, it is language about something . According to Halliday (1978: 112), whenever one reflects on the external world of phenomena or the internal world of one s consciousness, the representation of that reflection would take the form of content . This form of content is called the experiential meaning.
. Ex M
Focusing the language on the clause level with respect to the notion of clause as representation. Clause as a representation means that one function of the clause is as representation of experience of both external realities (i.e. reality outside oneself) and internal reality (reality inside oneself). The experiential or representational function of language (clause) is realized by the transitivity system of language. The outer world of reality that is brought into the inner world of reality in one s consciousness, which is encoded in the transitivity system of language, is interpreted as a what-is-going-on process, which is related to material actions, events, states, and relations.
he classified other processes into three subsidiary process types : (1) behavioral, (2) verbal, and (3) existential (Halliday 1985).
2.2.1.2 T I ! "# F$ %&!
The interpersonal function is an interpretation of language in its function as an exchange, which is a doing function of language; it is concerned with language as an action. This meaning represents the speaker s meaning potential as an intruder that takes into account the interactive nature of relations between the addresser (speaker/writer) and the addressee (listener/reader).
At the grammatical level of interpretation with respect to the clause function, it is interpreted that the clause is also organized as an interactive event that involves speaker, writer, and audience (listener or reader). Clauses of the interpersonal function as clauses of exchange, which represent speech role relationship. As Halliday (1985d : 68-71) suggests, whenever two people use language to interact, one of the things they do with it is establishing a relationship between them. In this, he sets out two most fundamental types of speech role or function: (1)
giving,and (2)demanding(Halliday, 1994: 68-69).
An act of speaking is in interact, i.e. an exchange, in which there is something either given, which implies there is something received, or else demanded, which implies there is something given. If not, there is no interaction. In other words, in an interaction involving speaker and listener, the speaker is either giving something, which implies the listener is giving something in response. What is exchange (demanded/given or given/received) is a kind of commodity exchanged falls into two principle types: (1) good & services, and (2) information. These two variables or types of commodity exchanged defined the four primaries speech function of (1) offer, (2) command, (3) statement, and (4) question. For example:
1. May I help you? (offer) 2. Shut up! (command)
3. John can type 45 words per minute (statement) 4. When will he join the army? (question)
The interpersonal meaning of the clause can be observed on two levels. On the first level, the speaker/writer as the producer of the clause can speaker or write from a position carrying the authority of a discipline or an institution. In this, the way the interpersonal meaning is delivered is determined by the knowledge or power relationship exiting between the speaker/write and the listener/reader. On the other level, the speaker/writer may choose to communicate with the listener/reader from a positions as a person, with no authority of a discipline, an institution, or the like. For example: The lecturer says, Submit our homework next Wednesday! (first level)
My friend said to me, will you join with us tonight?
.)/0-The textual function of language is an interpretation of language is its function as a message, which is text forming function of language. This is interpreted as a function that is intrinsic to language itself, but is it at the same time a function that is extrinsic to language, in the sense that it is linked with the situational (contextual) domain in which language (text) is embedded. At the clause level, the textual function is concerned with how inter-clausal elements are organized to form unified whole texts that make meanings. In this, the textual function indicates the way the text is organized or structured.
The textual function of language (clause) in its function as a message is realized by the theme of language (clause). The theme system of the clause is represented by the thematic structure of the clause, which comprises two major elements: (1) theme, and (2) rheme.
In an analysis of a thematic of a thematic structure of a thematic structure of a text, it is possible to examine language in terms of Halliday s three metafunctions; the textual, and the ideational.
For example:
Right Student Today we Learn
grammar
T1x23 45 I6 217817 9:6 4 5 T:8 ; <4 5
T= 1>1 R= 1 >1
example). The textual theme gives thematic prominence to the textual elements and has the function of linking one clause or clause element are related to each other as such that they form a unifwhole text within contexts (see right the example). The rheme is learn grammar, which is the part of the message to which the theme is developed.
2.3 TRANSITIVITY PROCESS
Transitivity system belongs to experiential metafunctions. When we look at the experiential metafunctions, we are looking at the grammar of the clause as representation. It is called so because the clause in its experiential function is a way of representing pattern of experience. Through the system of transitivity, we can explore the clause in its aspects such is:
Who = does = what = to = whom, when, where, why or how function
When people talk about what a word or sentence means, it is kind of meaning they have in mind. Meaning in this sense is related to content or idea. So, here the clause that functions as the representation of processes explores by transitivity system. Transitivity analysis offers a description of one of the structural strands of the clause. Transitivity specifies the different types of process that are recognized in the language, and the structures by which they are expressed.
There are three semantic categories which explain in general way. How phenomena of the real world are represented as linguistic structures. These are :
1. The process it self
2. Participants in the process
3. Circumstance associated with the process
We use term process and participant in analyzing what is represent through the use of language. Processes are central to transitivity. They center on the part of the clause which are realized by the verbal group. They are also regarded as what goings-on and suggest many different kinds of goings-on which necessarily involve different kinds of participant in varying circumstances. While participants and circumstances are incumbent upon the doings, happenings feeling and beings.
Processes can be subdivided into different types. There are six different process types identified by Halliday:
1. Material doing bodily, physically, materially
2. Mental sensing emotionally, intellectually, sensorilly 3. Relational being equal to, or some attribute of
4. Verbal saying lingually, signaling
5. Behavioral behaving physiologically and psychologically 6. Existential existing there exist
Those kinds of processes are realized by verbs. Traditionally, verbs have been defined as doing words . But, as the above list indicates, it is obvious that some verbs are not doing words at all, but rather express states of being or having the process types differentiate kinds goings-on., for example:
Ginagavesome blood (Material)
Ginaisa blood donor (Relational)
The process type system is what underlies the differences between those kinds of paradigm. In addition, in analyzing transitivity structure in a clause, it has to be concerned with describing three aspects of the clause:
1. The selection of process: the process choice will be realized in the verbal group of the clause:
Last year Gina gave blood.
2. The selection or participants: participants will be realized in the nominal groups: Last year Gina gave blood.
3. The selection of circumstances: circumstantial meanings which are expressed through
adverbial groupor prepositional phrase. Last year Gina gave blood.
The transitivity of a clause is its process type. Each process type has associated with it certain functional participant roles. Any process type can have circumstantial elements in it.
2.3.1 R?@ABCDEA @ PFDG?H H
process can be classified according to whether is being used to identify something or to assign quality to something.
Process which establish an identity is called Identifying Process while process which assign a quality is called Attributive Process. Each has its own characteristic participant roles.
1. II JK LM N OMK PQ RSTJU U
An identifying clause is not about ascribing or classifying, but defining. The meaning of an iudentifying intensive is that X serves to define the identity of Y . In this process, the participant roles are token and value.
You are the tallest one here
Token Identifying process Value
You is identified as the holder or occupant of the identity or laber of the tallest one. Grammatically, the defining involves two participants:
1. Token which stands for what is being defined. 2. Value which defines
All identifying clauses are reversible, they can form passives
The tallest one here is you
The reversibility of identifying clauses raises the question of determining which side of the clause is the token, and which one is the value. This can be determined both semantically and grammatically.
Halliday (1985:115) points out that semantically, the token will be a sign . Name, form, holder or occupant of a value which gives the meaning referent, function, status or role of the token. While, the token is the nominal group which contains the name which gives the classification.
- Tokenwill always be subject in an active clause - Valuewill always be subject in a passive clause
2. AVVWXY ZV[\W]^[_ _
In the attributive sub-type, a quality, classification or descriptive ephitet (Attribute) is assigned to a participant (carrier) which is realized by a noun or nominal group. Attribute is a quality or epithet ascribed to the carrier (means that X carries the attribute a ) while carrier ( means X is a member of the class a ).
You Are very tall
Token identifying process value
I won t be a liar
She is a talkative person
Carrier attributive attribute
On the contrary to identifying clauses, the essential characteristic of the attributive clauses is that they are not reversible. In the other words, there is no passive form of the clause: the subject can never conflate with the role of attribute, but it will always conflate with the role of carrier.
Relational process can be further sub-classified according to whether they are: intensive (quality), possessive and circumstantial.
The option available of relational process can be shown as the following :
R`abcdefb a Pgeh`i i : Attribute : carrier, attribute
Identifying : token, value Intensive
Possessive Circumstantial Examples:
Cytoplasm Is sort of a jelly like material
Carrier Attribute : intensive Attribute
Plants cells Have a cell well
The yolk Is Inside the albumen
Carrier Attribute : circumstantial Attribute
The nucleus is the brain of the cell
Token Identifying : intensive Value
The transducer Is Dr Buick s
Token Identifying : possessive Value
Tuesday Was the deadline
Token Identifying : circumstantial Value
2.3.2 Vjkl mn Pkopjqq
Verbal process is process of saying or of symbolically signaling. A verbal process typically three participants.
1. Sayer 2. Receiver 3. Verbiage
The sayer is the participant responsible for the verbal process, who encodes a signal source. Does not have to be a conscious participant (although it typically is). But anything capable of putting out signal.
The verbiage is nominalzed statement of the verbal process, a noun expressing some kind of verbal behaviour, a name for the verbalization itself.
(statement, answer, question, story).
I Asked my teacher a question
Sayer Verbal receiver verbiage
(Human participant)
She Told me a rude joke
sayer verbal receiver verbiage
(Human participant)
The sayer (signal source) needs not to be a conscious being.
The sign says no smoking
Sayer Verbal
(Signal participant) The alarm clock screamed
Sayer Verbal
(Signal participant)
2.3.3 Brstuv wx ytz Pyw{r| |
Behavioral process is process of physiological and psychological behavioral, like breathing, dreaming, snoring, smiling, hiccupping, looking, listening, watching, and pondering.
one hand and metals on the other. They are in part about action that has to be experienced by conscious being.
There is one obligatory participant: the behaver, and is typically a conscious being (like a senser in the mental process clause). But, the process is one of doing, not sensing, such as:
She lives in a big city
Behaver behavioral Process Circumstance: Place
Behavioral process often occur with circumstantial elements, particularly of manner and clause.
He coughed loudly
Behaver behavioral Process Circumstance: manner
Behavioral process may contain a second participant that is called as behavior.
He smiled a broad smile
} ~ ~ B~ } ~
2.3.4 Ex ~ P~
Existential process is process of existence. It represents that something exists or happens. It also represent5 experience by positing that there is something .
There is a gateway in the garden
Existential Process Existent Circumstance: place
Existential process existent Circumstance : place
On the wall There hangs a picture of me
Circumstantial: place
existential process
existent
There Were two of us
Existential process existent
It is easy to identify a clause contains existential process, as the structure involves the use of the word there. There has no representational function, it clause merely because all English clauses require a subject. The word There is left unanalyzed for transitivity. Existential process typically employ the verb be or synonyms such as exist, arise, occur the only obligatory participant in an existential process is called the existent.
This participant which usually follows the there is/ there are sequence, may be a phenomenon of any kind and is often in fact an event (nominalized action). Circumstantial elements (particularly of location). Are common in existential process.
2.4 CIRCUMSTANTIAL ELEMENT
circumstantial constituent in a material, mental, behavioral, or verbal process, or through a relational process.
Circumstantial elements may or may not occur in process, more than not they do occur. In an analysis of the transitivity system with respect to the circumstantial elements, an analysis of circumstantial elements can be done by identifying the types of circumstance associated with the various transitivity processes. Halliday (1994: 152-158) has identified that there are nine major types of circumstance in the English transitivity system, on which analysis can be based:
1. Extent; Halliday (1994: 152) characterizes the circumstantial elements of Extent (including interval) as being eitherspatialortemporal. If it is spatial, it is expressed in term of distance, which is associated with some units of a measurement like yards, laps, rounds, years, and the like. If it is temporal, it is expressed in terms of duration, which is associated with time length. Here is the example:
The climbers have been walking for ten miles.
Actor Process: material Circumstance: Extent, spatial.
The students Repeat The sentence Several times
Actor Process: material Circumstance:
Location, spatial.
Circumstance: extent, temporal
This approach Has been utilized In the language classroom
Goal Process: material Circumstance: Location,
spatial.
Indonesians Get up at about 5 a.m.
Actor Process: material Circumstance: Location,
temporal.
3. Manner; Halliday (1994: 154) categorizes the circumstantial element of manner into three subtypes: (1) means, (2) quality, (3) comparison. Means refers to the means whereby a process takes place, and it is typically expressed by a propositional phrase/group, with the prepositionby orwith. Qualityis typically expressed by an adverbial group, with lyadverb as Head. Comparison is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase/group, with like or
unlike, or an adverbial group of similarity or difference. Here is the example:
The refugees Went to the ship on foot
Actor Process: material Circumstance:
Location, spatial.
Circumstance: Manner, means
The corrupt goverment Resisted Shamelessly.
Actor Process: material Circumstance: manner,
4. C a u se; Halliday (1994: 154-155) categorizes the circumstantial element of cause into three subtypes: (1) reason, (2) purpose, and (3) behalf. The circumstantial element of reasonrefers to the reason for which a process takes place what causes it. It is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase/group, with through or a complex preposition such as because of.
Purposetells purpose for which an action takes place the intention behind it. It is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase/group, withfor or with a complex preposition such asin the hope of. Behalfrefers to entity, typically a person on whose behalf or for whose sake the action undertaken who it is for. It is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase/group, with for or with a complex preposition such as for the sake. Here is the example to clarify this type of circumstance:
He Died Because of the heart attack
Actor Process: behavioral Circumstance: Cause,
reason.
He Returned For the shake of revenge.
Actor Process: material Circumstance: Cause,
purpose.
The doughter Worked Harder than before.
Actor Process: material Circumstance: manner,
5. Cont inge ncy; Halliday (1994:155-156) categorizes circumstantial element of contingency into three subtypes: (1) condition, (2) concession, and (3) default. The circumstantial element of
condition refers to the condition on which a process takes place on what condition the process occurs. It is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase/group, with inor a complex preposition such as in case of. Concession tells the concession for which an action takes place. It is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase/group, with in or with a complex preposition such asin spite of. Default refers to the default for which an action takes place. It is typically expressed by a prepositional phrase/group, with inor with a complex preposition such asin the absence of.Here is the example:
In case of equilibration, Cognition
Develops Fro states of revolution and certainty.
Circumstance:
Contingency, condition
Actor Process:
Material
Circumstance: Location, spatial.
I Am speaking On behalf of my father.
Actor Process: verbal Circumstance: Cause,
The natural
A teacher Will give The students The benefit of communicatives
6. Accompaniment; Halliday (1994: 156) categorizes the circumstantial element of
accompanimentinto two subtypes: (1) comitative, and (2) additive.Comitativerepresents the process as a single instance of a process, in which two entities may be conjoined as a single element. Additive on the other hand, represents the process as two instances, in which two entities share the same participant function, but one of them is presented circumstantially for purposes of contrast. Here is the example:
This book Came without its cover
Actor Process: material Circumstance: Comitative, negative
I Take out Other materisls As well as ESP
materials
Actor Process: material Goal. Circumstance:
additive, positive
Instead of
transformation You Can use
Substitution drill.
Circumstance: additive, negative
Actor Process: material. Goal
7. Role; Halliday (1994: 157) categorizes the circumstantial element of roleinto two subtypes: (1) guise, and (product). Guise represents the meaning of be (attribute or identity). In the form of circumstance, and it corresponds to the interrogativewhat as? Productrepresents the meaning ofbecome, likewise as attribute or identity. Here is the example:
His character Changed Into a real terror.
Actor Process: material Circumstance: role, product
8. Matter; the circumstantial element of matter relates to verbal process, that is, it is the circumstantial equivalent of the Verbiage, that which is described, referred to, narrative, etc. Halliday (1994: 157-158). It can be probed by the interrogative what about?, and it is typically expressed by preposition such as about, with a complex preposition such as with reference to. Matter frequently occurs with both verbal and cognitive mental process. Here is the example:
The President Talks Of many controvertial things
Sayer Process: Verbal Circumstance: Matter
9. Angle; the circumstantial element of anglealso relates to verbal process, not to the verbiage as in the case of Matter, but to the Sayer (Halliday, 1994: 158). The simple preposition expressing this function is to, but like Matter, it is frequently expressed by a complex preposition such asaccording to, in the view/opinion of.Here is the example:
According to Piaget, That critical stage of FLA and SLA
Appears
At puberty
Circumstance: Angle
Actor Process:
Material
2.5 R R L
In writing this thesis, the writer consults some thesis and books to support my analysis based on the transitivity system in Tony Blair s Speeches. The followings are some books and thesis used to support my analysis.
Halliday (1994: 152-158) has identified that there are nine major types of circumstance in the English transitivity system, on which analysis can be based:
Ex : Tells how far? How long?
- Distance : it is spatial that tells how far?
E.g. : She has been walking for five miles.
- Duration : it is temporal that tells how long E.g. : She knocks the door several times.
L : tells where and when?
- Time : tells when and is probed by when? How often? How long? E.g. : He goes to the church every Sunday morning.
- Place : tells where and is probed by where? How far? E.g. : He goes to the church every Sunday morning.
M : tellshow
- Means : tells bywhatmeans and is probed bywhat with? E.g.: She goes thereby bus
- Quality : tellshowand is probed byhow?
E.g.: She was jumping aroundlike a monkey on a zoo C :why
- Reason : tells what causes the process and is probedby why? how? E.g. : The sheep diedof thirst.
- Purpose : tells the purpose and is probed bywhat for
E.g. : She want to the shopfor cigarettes. C ¡¢ : tells what under condition?
- Condition : refers to the condition on which a process takes place - on what condition the process occurs.
E.g. : In case of rain the party will be postponed.
- Concession : tells the concessions for which and action takes place.
E.g. : He climbs Singgalang Mountain in spite of the bad weather.
A¡¡£¤ £ : tells with (out) who or what and is probed by who or what else?
E.g. : I left work without my briefcase.
R¥ : tells what as and is probed byas what?
E.g.: He lived a quiet lifeas a beekeeper.
M¦ : tells about what or with reference to what and is probed bywhat about?
E.g.: This movie is talkingabout friendship.
A ¥ : relates to verbal process not to the verbiage as the case of matter, but
to sayer. It is expressed by preposition, such as according to and in the view/ opinion of. E.g. : According to Aris, France is so beautiful.
An Analysis of Transitivity Clause in Headline of The Jakarta Post A Systemic Functional Approach written by Indah Fahreni (1999). In her thesis, she analyzed the transitivity clause based on Systemic Functional Approach in the headlines of The Jakarta Post (edited on April 2003) to find the six types of process. In her research, she states that verbal process as the most favorite process used in the headlines of The Jakarta Post. Her analysis gave the contribution for me in doing the analysis because she used the same theory as mine.
An Analysis of Transitivity Process in Kangguru Radio English Script written by Rahma Mandasari (2005). In her thesis, she analyzed the English script of Kangguru radio to find the six types of transitivity process. She concluded that material process occured predominantly in the broadcasting scripts followed by relational process, material process, verbal process, existential process, and behavioural process as the lowest number of all process types. Her thesis contributes the valuable idea such as giving me a slight idea in analyzing my data and as the comparison to my thesis, so I can use it as my reference because her analysis is similar with this thesis.
Analysis of Material and Mental Process of Three Selected George W. Bush s Speeches
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
3.1 R§¨§©ª «¬ M§¬ ®¯
In this thesis, library research is applied by collecting some theories and information about Transitivity process from books, thesis, internet, and other sources which support the writing.
3.2 D©©°®±±§«² ³ ´µ §¬ ®¯
The data are collected by using purposive sample, Arikunto (2006: 139) says that sample bertujuan dilakukan dengan cara mengambil subjek bukan didasarkan atas strata, random, atau daerah tetapi didasarkan atas tujuan tertentu. (Purposive sampling is done by taking the subject, not based on strata, random, or the place otherwise based on specific purpose).
Three selected Tony Blair s speeches as the primary source of the analysis in this thesis. They are Speech by Tony Blair at the new world, new capitalism conference in January 8th ,
2009; Tony Blair s at the official opening of the Baptism Centre in Jordan in march 20th, 2009;
Tony Blair and beyond sport working to show how sport can be replace enmity with friendship in march 26th, 2009.
The data are analyzed by using descriptive qualitative method as proposed by Umar (2003: 36-37)says:
Penelitian kualitatif umumnya sulit diberi pembenarannya secara matematik, ia lebih kepada penyampaian perasaan atau wawasan yang datanya diambil berdasarkan sample. Walaupun demikian, penelitian kualitatif bisa menyediakan informasi penting yang kemudian bisa dijelajahi lebih lanjut melalui penelitian kuantitatif, penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan data yang bukan dalam bentuk skala rasio, tetapi dalam bentuk skala yang lebih rendah yaitu skala nominal, ordinal, ataupun interval yang kesemuaannya dapat dikategorikan, sehingga jelas apa yang akan disamakan dan akan dibedakan dari apa yang akan diperbandingkan dalam rangka menjawab permasalahan yang telah dirumuskan dalam penelitian .
(Qualitative research is commonly hard to examine mathematically, it is focused on presenting feeling or knowledge of data took based on the samples. Even so, qualitative research can provide important information which could explore further through quantitative, it uses unscale ratio, but in the lower ratio scale, they are: nominal scale, ordinal or all categorize interval, so it is absolutely clear what will be the same and what will be different from those that are compared in answering the problem being proposed in the research).
The same power of sport we learnt about on the battlefields of France 95 years ago is visible in many conflict zones today.
This sentence consist of two clauses, they are:
1. we learnt about on the battlefields of France 95 years ago.
2. the same power of sport we learnt about on the battlefields of France 95 years ago is visible in many conflict zones today.
After I divided them into clauses, I elaborated classified those clauses into process. Example:
1. We learnt about the battlefields of France 95 years ago.
We learnt about the battlefields of France 95 years ago Actor Material
Process
Goal Circumstances: location, spatial
Circumstances: extent, temporal
2. The same power of sport we learnt about on the battlefields of France 95 years ago is visible in many conflict zones today.
The same power of sport we learnt about on the battlefields of France 95 years ago
Is visible in many conflict zone
today
Carier Relati
onal
atribute Circumstance: location, spatial
Circumstance: Extent, temporal
In order to get the dominated and the frequency using of the process, I used the following formula (Bungin, 2005: 171-172).
¸
=
¹ºx 100 %
N
where: n = percentage of types
CHAPTER IV
THE ANALYSIS OF THREE SELECTED TONY BLAIR S SPEECHES
4.1 T» ¼ A½ ¾¿ÀÁ ÂÁ
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, 2009
In speech The `New World, New Capitalism` Conference In January 8th, 2009 , it is
discovered that the circumstantial element of Extent gained 9 clauses, the circumstantial element of Location gained 13 clauses, the circumstantial element of Manner gained 27 clauses, the circumstantial element of Cause gained 19 clauses, the circumstantial element of Contingency gained 13 clauses, the circumstantial element of Accompaniment gained 10 clauses, the circumstantial element of Role gained 7 clauses, the circumstantial element of Matter gained 21 clauses, and the circumstantial element of Angle gained 1 clause. It can be seen in this following table:
No. Circumstantial Element Total
1. Extent 9
2. Location 13
4. Cause 19
5. Contingency 13
6. Accompaniment 10
7. Role 7
8. Matter 21
9. Angle 1
From the finding above, we can conclude this speech has the circumstantial element of manner as most dominant element, and then followed by element of matter, element of cause, element 0f contingency, element of location, element of accompaniment, element of extent, element of role, and the last one element of angle.
For more detail explanation, we can see the analysis of circumstance in the speech The `New World, New Capitalism` Conference In January 8th, 2009 below:
A. ANALYSIS OF EXTENT
1. They are still in goverment
They Are Still In goverment
Carrier Relational process Cicumstance:
extent,temporal Cicumstance:location, spatial
2. I can commend but not to soon for either of them
I Can Commend But not to soon For eitherof
them
Token Relational
process Value Cicumstance:extent, temporal
What is
unavaidable In the longerterm Is A reasting Of the systemof international supervision
Token Relational Value Cicumstance:
extent, temporal
Cicumstance: cause, purpose
4. Ther will be many major challenges confronting the new U.S President in less two weeks time
There Will be Many major
challenges confronting the new U.S President
In lesstwo weeks time
Existential process Existsnt Cicumstance: extent, temporal
5. Not just this crisis but my experience of 10 years office at the highest level Not just this crisis
but My Experience of 10 years office atthe highest level Cicumstance:
matter Actor Material process Cicumstance:extent, temporal
6. Take the awful events of the Congo, 6000 rebels is on one side, 6000 militia thugs on the other
Take The awful
events Of the Congo 6000 rebels ison one side, 6000 militia thugs
On the other
Actor Cicumstance:
locarion, spatial Cicumstance:extent, temporal
Cicumstance: manner, comparison
7. With even the limited mandate i have these past 18 month have been extraordinary instruction
With even the
limited mandate I Have These past 18month Have beenextraordinary intruction
8. In today s world, no nation s governance, not even the must powerful, can work without a strong dimension of global governance
governance, not
extent, temporal Actor Material Cicumstance:Accompainment, comitative negative
9. We have 20th century international institutions a 21st century world
We Have 20th century International
institutions goverming
a 21st century world
Carrier Relational
process Cicumstance:extent, spatial Attribute Cicumstance:role, product
B. ANALYSIS OF LOCATION
1. They are still in govermens
They Are Still In govermens
Carrier Relational
process Cicumstance:extent, temporal Cicumstance:location, spatial
2. It is rudely educating us as to the integrated nature of the world we now live in
It Is Rudely Educatin
g Us As to theintegrated nature of
process Goal Cicumstance: location, guise
Cicumstanc e: location, temporal
3. The combination of all of this means we live in an era of every predictability The
matter Actor Materialprocess Cicumstance:location, temporal
Cicumstance: matter
4. The impact is now felt in the real economy
location, spatial
5. The only point i would make here
The only point I Would make Here
Goal Actor Material process Cicumstance:
location,spatial
process Attribute Cicumstance:location, spatial
7. I would put the U.S strategic relationship with china
I Would put The U.S Strategic
relationship With cina
We Need In place
Actor Material Cicumstance: location,
spatial
9. Take the awful event of the Congo
Take The awful event Of the Congo
Actor Cicumstance: location,
spatial
10. Here is aconflict whose supreme importance reaches a cross the world
Here Is A conflict Whose
supreme
process Carrier Attribute Cicumstance:cause, purpose
11. I am now in the fortunate position of being able to offer them brilliant insights wise advice without the responsibility of carrying them out
fortunate
r Relational process Cicumstance: location, temporal
12. I would put the U.S strategic relationship with china, and the same applies to us in urope
I Woul
d put The U.S Strategicrelations hip
With china And the same
13. The sort term problem now is not too much credit or incautious lending but too little and to coutious
The sort term problem
Now Is not Too much
credit or
process Value Circumstance:contingency, condition
C. ANALYSIS OF MANNER
1. This is an immensely timely confrerence
This Is An immensely
timely Conference
2. It is a luxury i can commend but not to soon for either of them
It is a luxury I Can Commend But not to
soon For either ofthem Cicumstance:
manner, quality
Token Relational
process Value Cicumstance:extent, temporal
Cicumstance: cause,
purpose
3. This economic crisis is the biggest, most complex, most delicate economic challenge of our life time
This economic
crisis Is The biggest,most complex, most delicate
Economic
challange Of our life time Carrier Relational
process Cicumstance:manner, comparison
Attribute Cicumstance: matter
4. It is the most tricky intelectual challenge of my kind i have encountered
It Is The most tricky
intelectual challenge
Of mykind I have
Token Relational
process Cicumstance:manner, comparison
Cicumstance:
role, guise Cicumstance:location, temporal
5. It is rudely educatung us as to the integrated nature of the world we now live in
It Is Rudely Educating Us As to the
integrated
process Goal Cicumstance:role, huise Cicumstance:location, temporal
6. It is puting into contention what seemed previously unshakeable orthodoxy
It Is Putting Into contention
what seemed Previouslyunshakeable orthodoxy Carrier Relational
process Materialprocess Cicumstance:role, product Cicumstance:manner, quality
7. Conventional wisdow open not just complacementbut fundamentally in error Conventional
wisdow open Not just Complacement Butfundamentally In error
process manner, mean contingency, condition
8. Normally, as acrisis erupts, a leader will seek advice Normally As a crisis
erupts A leader Will seek Advice
Cicumstance:
manner, mean Cicumstance:role, guise Actor Material Goal
9. And the best and the most honest say: we don t know And the best and the most
honest Say We don t know
Cicumstance: manner,
comparison Verbal process Sayer
10. Actually that division is largely gone Actually that
division Is Largely Gone
Carrier Relational process Cicumstance:
manner, quality Attribute
11. They key is to do whatever it takes wether by hastening the proper writing down of asset values and recapitalisation of bank balance sheets
They Key Is To do Whatever it
takes Wether byhastening the proper writing
process Materialprocess Cicumstance:contingency, default
Cicumstance: manner, means
12. Be recentlessly fixed on the future
Be Recentlessly Fixed on the future
existential process Cicumstance: manner,
quality Existent
13. It can by investment, enable, empower and encourage
means
14. This economic relationship is one of the hardest thing of all
This economic Relationship Is One of the hardest
thing of all Carrier attribute Relational process Cicumstance:
manner, comparison
15. We need a better system
We Need A better system
Actor Material process Cicumstance: manner,
comparison
16. I want to make a larger poin
I Want to make A larger poin
Actor Material Cicumstance: manner,
comparison
17. Take the awful events of the Congo, 6000 rebel is on side, 6000 militia thugs on the other
Take The awful
events Of the Congo 6000 rebel is onside, 6000 militia thugs
On the other
Material
process Actor Cicumstance:location, spatial Cicumstance:extent, temporal
Cicumstance: manner, comparison
18. Are we really that helpless
Are We Really That helpless
Relational process Carrier Cicumstance:
manner, quality Attribute
19. By his energy to which i have reffered before the Franch President got the sides together
By his energy To which i have reffered before
The Franch
President Got The sidestogether
Cicumstance:
cause, reason Cicumstance:matter Actor Material Cicumstance:manner, quality
20. It holds a deeper, brooder lesson for us
lesson
Actor Material process Cicumstance:
manner, comparison Cicumstance:cause, behalf
21. It is not simply on economic fact
It Is not Simply On economic fact
Carrier Relational process Cicumstance:
manner, quality Attribute
22. I say effectively, not just fairly
I Say Effectively, not just fairly
Sayer Verbal process Cicumstance: manner,
quality
23. But what is absolutely apparent from the economic crisis is that it requires value to function effectively
manner, quality Carrier Relationalprocess Attribute Cicumstance:manner, quality
24. It must be about more than more speculation
It Must be About more than more
speculation
Carrier Relational process Cicumstance: manner
comparison
25. The best bussines people i have met, have been first and foremost passionate about what they are creating rather than what they are accumulating
The best bussines people i have meet
Have been First and foremost
process Attribute Cicumstance:matter Cicumstance:manner, comparison
26. It is driven by people
27. There is a myth that globalisation is of a policy driven by Goverments
There is a myth
that globalisation Is Of a policy driven By Goverment Carrier Relational process Cicumstance:
cause, reason Circumstance:manner, means
D. ANALYSIS OF CAUSE
1. I congratulate president Sarkozy and my good friend Eric Benson for organising it
I Congratulate President Sarkozy
and my good Eric Benson
For organising it
Actor Material process Goal Circumstance:
cause, purpose
2. I can commend but not to soon for either of them
I Can commend But not to soon For either of
them
Token Relational
process Value Circumstance:extent, temporal Circumstance:cause, purpose
3. It has bought home to us the other side of the consequences of globalisation with dramatic effects
ge Circumstance: role, product
4. This crisis poses unique problems to policy makers
This crisis Poses Unique problems To policy makers
5. What type of capitalism do we want for our future What type of
capitalism do We Want For our future
Phenomenon Actor Mental process Circumstance:
cause, purpose
6. It is sensible to target it
It Is Sensible To target it
Token Relational process Value Circumstance:
cause, purpose
7. The long term solution is to regulate to ensure responsible practice The long term
solution Is To regulate To ensureresponsible practice Actor Relational process Material process Circumstance:
cause, purpose
8. This causes a crisis of confidence, hot amongst those who lack the means to spend but even amongst those who don t
This cause a
crisis of Confidence Not amongstthose who lack the means
To spend But even amongst those
Senser Mental
process Circumstance:cause, behalf Circumstance:cause,purpose Circumstance:contingency, concession
9. Because of the impact on the real economy, traditional demand side stimuli are necessary
Because of the impact on the real economy
Traditional demand
side stimuli Are Necessary
Circumstance:
cause, reason Carrier Relational process Attribute
10. We should spend to build for the future
We should Spend To build For the future
Actor Material process Goal Circumstance:
cause, purpose
11. There will have to be support and help for the victims of the crisis
cause,purpose
12. We will witnes, in time, a pragdigma shift in economic activity toward modern unemplayment
We Will witness In time A paradigme
shift in
matter Circumstance:cause, purpose
13. I would put the U.S strategic relationship with china and the some applies to us in europe
I Would
put The U.S Strategicrelationsh ip
With china And the some applies to us
In europe
Act
or Material Circumstance: location, spatial
14. 190 countries setting round a table trying to hammer out adeal
190 countries Setting Round a table Trying To hammer out adeal
Actor Material
process Goal Materialprocess Circumstance:cause, purpose
15. The Middle East, by luck, France has trying the presidency of the security council The Middle
East By luck France Has Trying Thepresidenc y
16. By his energy to which i have refferend before the French President got the sides together
By his energy To which i
before Circumstance:
cause, reason Circumstance:matter Actor Materialprocess Circumstance:manner, quality
17. Here is a conflict whose supreme importance reaches across the world
Here Is A conflict Whose
supreme
location, spatial Relationalprocess Carrier Attribute Circumstance:cause , quality
18. It holds a deeper, broader lesson for us
It Holds A deeper, broader
lesson For us
Actor Material process Circumstance:
manner, comparison Circumstance:cause, behalf
19. Look upon yhis crisis not as an occasion to regress in policy or attitude of mind Look Upon this crisis Not as an occasion To regress in policy
or attitude of mind Mental process Senser Circumstance: role,
guise Circumstance:cause, purpose
E. ANALYSIS OF CONTINGENCY
1. I am now in the fortunate resition of being able to offer them brilliant in sights and wise advice without the responsibility of carrying them out
advice
2. But certain things are clear
But Certain things Are Clear
Circumstance: contingency, concession
Carrier Relational process Attribute
3. By a process of analysis, a reasonable out line of a policy answer emerges By a process of
analysis A reasonableout line Of a policy Answer Emerges Circumstance:
contingency, default
Actor Circumstance:
matter Materialprocess Goal
4. What is sensible is to ask, as this conference does: what sort of free enterprise system What is
sensible Is To ask As thisconference does What sort ofenterprise system Carrier Relational
process Circumstance:cause, purpose Circumstance:contingency, condition
Attribute
5. In terms of the immediate solution, the policy debate has evolved In terms of the
immediate solution The policy debate Has Evolved Circumstance:
contingency, condition
6. It seemed as if there were a devide
It Seemed As if there were a devide
Actor Material process Circumstance:
contingency, condition
7. The short term problem now is not too much credit or incountious lending but too little and to coutius
The short term
problem now Is not Too much credit orincautius lending But too little and tocoutious
Token Relational process Value Circumstance:
contingency, condition
8. This causes a srisis of confidence, not amongst those who lack the means to spend but even amongst those who don t
This causes a
crisis of Confidence Not amongstthose who lack the means
To spend But even amongst those who don t
Senser Mental
process Circumstance:cause, behalf Circumstance:cause, purpose Circumstance:contingency, concession
9. This crisis of liquidity then impacts the real economy, which in turn feeds into financial sector
This crisis of Liquidity Then impacts the
real economy Which in turn feedsinto financial sector
Actor Material Goal Circumstance:
contingency, condition
takes
Actor Goal Relational
process Materialprocess Circumstance:contingency, condition
11. Failure to do this will outweigh colossaly any fiscal stimulus Failure to do
this Will Outweigh Colosally Any fiscalstimulus
Circumstance: contingency, condition
Relation
process Carrier Circumstance:manner, quality Attribute
12. We will witness, i time a paradigma slift in economic activity toward modern unemployment
We will Witness In time A paradigma
slift in economy
mattrer Circumstance:cause, purpose
13. The change we seek should not be about replacing the free enterprise system or the market but about sustaining them in a way that is stable and enduring
The change We Seek Should not to
be about
In away that is stable and enduring
Goal Actor Material
F. ANALYSIS OF ACCOMPANIMENT
1. I am delighted to see chancellor merkel with us
I Am Delighted to
see Chounsellor With us
Senser Relational
process Mentalprocess Phenomenon Circumstance:accompaniment, comitative
2. I am now in the fortunate position of being able to offer them brilliant insights and wise advice without the responsibilityof carrying them out
I Am Now In the
3. Let us start with the obvious
Let us Start With the obvious
Actor Material process Circumstance:
accompaniment, comitative
n
ge Circumstance: role, product
5. There will be many major challenges confronting the new U.S President in less then two weeks time as well as the dramaticeffects of this crisis
There will Be Many major
challenges confronting the new U.S President
In less then two
weeks time As well as thedramatic effect of this crisis
Exential
process Existent Circumstance:extent, temporal Circumstance:accompaniment, additive
6. I would put the U.S strategic relationship with china
I Would put The U.S Strategic
relationship With china
Actor Material
process Circumstance:location, spatial Goal Circumstance:
7. 190 countries sitting round a table trying to hammer out a deal, with no global institution
190
countries Sitting Roun atable Trying To hammerout a deal With no globalinstitution Actor Material
process Goal Materialprocess Circumstance:cause, purpose
Circumstance: accompaniment, comitative
8. It moves our politics, our economics, even our society and culture
economics and culture
Actor Material process Goal Circumstance:
accompaniment, additive
9. With even the limeted mandate i have these past 18 months have been an extraordinary instraction
With even the
limeted mandate I Have The past 18months Have been anextraordinary instraction
10. No nation s governance, not even the most powerful, can work wthout a strong dimension of global governance
No nation s governance, not even the most powerful
Can work Without a strong dimension
of global governance
Actor Material process Circumstance:
accompaniment, comitative
G. ANALYSIS OF ROLE
1. It is the most tricky intellectual challenge of any kind i have encountered
It Is The most tricky
It Has Bought Home To us The
process materialprocess Goal Circumstance:cause, behalf verbiage Circumstance:role, product
3. It is rudely educating us as to the integrated nature of the world we now live in
It Is Rudely Educatin
g Us As to theintegrated nature of the world
We now live in
Acto
r Relational process Circumstance: manner, quality
Material
process Goal Circumstance: role, guise Circumstance: location, temporal
4. It is putting into contention what seemed previously unshakeable orthodoxy
It Is Putting Into contention
what seemed Previouslyunshakeable orthodoxy
Actor Relational
process Materialprocess Circumstance:role, product Circumstance:manner, quality
5. The policy debate has evolved as the situation has
The policy debate Has Evolved As thesituation has
Actor Relational process Material process Circumstance: role, guise
6. We have 20th century international instituation goverming a 21st century world
We Have 20th century International
institutions goverming
A 21st century world
Carrier Relational
7. Look upon this crisis not as an occasion to regress in policy or attitude of mind Look Upon this crisis Not as an occasion To regressin policy
or attitude of mind Mental process Senser Circumstance: role,
guise Circumstance:cause, purpose
H. ANALYSIS OF MATTER
1. They are of course former collegues of mine
They Are Of course former
collegues Of mine
Carrier Relational process Attribute Circumstance: matter
2. This economic criss is the biggest, most complex, most delicate economic challenge of our life time
This economic
crisis Is The biggest,most
complex,most delicate
Economic
challenge Of our life time
Carrier Relational
process Circumstance:manner, comparison
Attribute Circumstance: matter
3. The combination of all this means we live in an era of very low predictability The
matter Actor Materialprocess Circumstance:location, temporal
