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Special Education in Indonesia

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By

Djadja Rahardja

Department of Special Education Faculty of Education

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BANDUNG AS THE HISTORICAL CITY

OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN

INDONESIA

1901: SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND

1927: SCHOOL FOR THE MENTALLY

RETARDED

1930: SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF

1952: TEACHER’S COLLEGE FOR

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1952: TEACHER’S COLLEGE FOR

SPECIAL

EDUCATION

1964: UNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN

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SCHOOL

SCHOOLS

S SERVING CHILDREN WITH

SERVING CHILDREN WITH

DISABILITIES

T

Type

ype of

of S

School

chool

N

Number

umber of

of

Schools

N

Number of

umber of

Students

Special School

Special Schoolss

1,118

48,522

Special School

Special Schoolss

1,118

48,522

Integrated School

Integrated Schoolss

182

961

Total

1,310

49,483

Ministry of National Education

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Type of School

No. of Students

%

Visual Impairment

3,013

5.87

Hearing Impairment

15,903

31.01

Developmental

Disabilities

29,099

56.73

ENROLMENT OF STUDENTS IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS ENROLMENT OF STUDENTS IN SPECIAL SCHOOLS

Disabilities

Physically Handicapped

1,811

3.53

Emotional Disturbance

626

1.22

Double Handicapped

427

0.83

Autism

417

0.81

T o t a l

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NUMBER OF SPECIAL SCHOOL TEACHERS

QUALIFICATION

QUALIFICATION NUMBERNUMBER %% SGPLB or Diploma II

SGPLB or Diploma II 6,2166,216 50.8950.89 Diploma III

Diploma III 555555 4.544.54

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Diploma III

Diploma III 555555 4.544.54 Bachelor or S1

Bachelor or S1 3,1453,145 25.7525.75 Other

Other 2,2982,298 18.8218.82

T o t a l

T o t a l 12,21412,214 100.00100.00

Ministry of National Education

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NATIONAL POLICIES RELATED TO

SPECIAL EDUCATION

Article 31 of the 1945 Constitution states that

every citizen has the right to education.

Law no. 20/2003 on the national education

system

The 1994 nine-year compulsory education

regulation

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INTERNATIONAL TRENDS

INTERNATIONAL TRENDS INFLUENC

INFLUENCING

ING THE

THE

DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL EDUCATION IN

INDONESIA

••

Declaration of Human Rights Declaration of Human Rights –– including the right to education including the right to education and full participation in society for all people

and full participation in society for all people –– UN, 1948UN, 1948

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Convention on the Rights of the Child Convention on the Rights of the Child –– UN, 1989UN, 1989

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Education for All: World conference on Education for AllEducation for All: World conference on Education for All

--7 7

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Education for All: World conference on Education for AllEducation for All: World conference on Education for All --Jomtien, Thailand, UNESCO, 1990

Jomtien, Thailand, UNESCO, 1990

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The Standards Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for The Standards Rules on the Equalization of Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities

Persons with Disabilities -- UN, 1993UN, 1993

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The Salamanca Statement on Inclusive Education The Salamanca Statement on Inclusive Education –– UNESCO, UNESCO, 1994

1994

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CHANGE IN PARADIGM

Special Education to Special Needs

Education

Special School to Inclusive School

Curriculum Centre to Child Centre

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SECOND PHASE OF

COOPERATION WITH NORWAY

To improve the function of the centers and

to prepare them to be inclusive education

school settings

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school settings

Mapping the available human resource in

eight provinces in medical and other

professions necessary for special needs

education assessment

To give special rewards or credit points to

the itinerant teachers

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ENCOUNTERED PROBLEMS

Human Resources

Curriculum

References

Facilities

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POSSIBLE AREAS OF

COOPERATION WITH CRICED

To identify and enrol children with

special needs who are out of school

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special needs who are out of school

Human resources development

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Thank you very much

Domo arigato gozaimashita

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