t:• •
AUN
I
SEED Net
\st.a.N INDATION
\
I
PROCEEDING
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING
AUN/SEED-NET REGIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS
February,
2nd - 3rd 2011
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA
INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIALS ENGINEERING
International Conference on Materials Engineering (ICME) AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials (RCM)
Published by
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Faculty of.Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jalan Grafika 2 Yogyakarta 55281
INDONESIA
ISBN 978-979-97986-5-7
ISBN 978-979-97986-5-7
Ｙ
ＱＱｊｬＡｬｾｊｬＬＡｬｬｬｾｾｾ＠
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This proceeding was set in Times New Roman and Calibri
Opening Remarks by
the Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bismillahirrahmaanirraahiim.
Assalaamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
Distinguished guests, Colleagues, Participants, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to welcome all delegates of the First International Conference on Material Engineering (ICME) 2010 and the Third AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials (RCM) 2010 to Universitas Gadjah Mada here in Yogyakarta. It is a great pleasure for me to see a large attendance to this meeting.
Please allow me to convey some details about this Conference. It is jointly organized by the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of UGM, ASEAN Foundation, ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (ATJN/SEED-Net), IlCA, and Universiti Sains Malaysia which are the host institution of the Material Engineering field. The International Conference on Materials Engineering (ICME) 2010 is the first event of subsequent series of conferences that we plan to run annually. The Conference is organized in conjunction with the Third AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials (RCM) 2010.
The ICME 2010 and the RCM 2010 aim to encourage the sharing of experience and research results about aspects in Materials Engineering among academicians, scientists, researchers, industry practitioners and students. Those will greatly enhance each other's expertise, enabling them to take further steps in the development of this special science. The role of materials science is increasing in recent years. Indeed, this science is an area that is very promising to improve the welfare of human beings. It has the potential to contribute much for a better future of the world. It should serve, however, as a guide that ensures the concept of sustainable development.
To reach that goal, I believe that UGM will continue to work with scientists and industrial companies around the world whilst taking the initiative in leading research and innovative works in the field of materials. I believe UGM researchers, senior and junior, as well as students, will strive hard to help achieve welfare for the better civilization and the happiness of humankind.
To conclude, I would like to express my sincere and profound gratitude to all members of the Conference Committee, the Dean of Faculty of Engineering UGM, and everyone who have made this event a success. I wish you all have a productive gathering as well as a pleasant stay in Yogyakarta. Thank you.
Wassalaammu'alaikum wr. wb.
Prof. Ir. Sudjarwadi, M.Eng., Ph.D.
the Chief Advisor JICA Project
for AUN/SEED-Net
It is a great honor for me once again to have an opportunity to welcome all of you to the 3rd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials Engineering, which is even more special this year as it is jointly organized with the 1st International Conference on Materials Engineering. On behalf of ASEAN University Network I Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net), I would like to express my sincere gratitude to delegates from prestige Member and other Institutions, and all the people who have worked hard to organize this event, with my special thanks to theASEAN Foundation, the main sponsor, and to Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, the gracious and magnificent host, for successfully organizing this joint event, which will not only provide all participants with a greater chance to share research findings and trends, but also a greater chance to expand collaboration and networking among researchers in this area.
Since the start of the Project Phase I in 2003, more than 120 seminars/conferences have been organized and year by year we have been witnessing significant expansion of participants to non-member institutions inside and outside the region as well as industrial practitioners and government bodies, which indicates the very promising sustainability of this engineering network. And I believe that this network would empower researchers to tackle withASEAN common socio-economic issues.
Today we have arrived at the middle of the Project's Phase II. So far we have been making efforts in engineering human resources development in A SEAN - which over 700 scholarships for higher degrees have been awarded, and more than half of them have already returned home to serve their roles to build the next generation of engineers. We have significantly enhanced the education and research capacity of member institutions through several types of research grant, and we have been facilitating research collaboration within ASEAN as well as between ASEAN and Japan so as to establish and strengthen this engineering network. And we promise to continue these important missions in a way that will respond to the common needs of theASEAN region.
I strongly believe that the results of this 3rd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials Engineering will certainly have huge impacts and make path to future innovations and network expansion. Please let me wish all of you the valuable knowledge dissemination, the fruitful prolific discussion, as well as the wonderful stay in Yogyakarta. Let us together look forward to the smooth and successful conference.
Thank you very much.
Prof. Dr. TSUTSUMI Kazuo
Opening Remarks
by
the Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada
Bismillahirrahmaanirraahiim.
Assalaamu'alaikum warahmatullahi wa barakatuh.
Distinguished guests, Colleagues, Participants, Ladies and Gentlemen,
I would like to welcome all delegates of the First International Conference on Material Engineering (ICME) 2010 and the Third AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials (RCM) 2010 to Universitas Gadjah Mada here in Yogyakarta. It is a great pleasure for me to see a large attendance to this meeting.
Please allow me to convey some details about this Conference. It is jointly organized by the Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of UGM, ASEAN Foundation, ASEAN University Network/Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net), JICA, and Universiti Sains Malaysia which are the host institution of the Material Engineering field. The International Conference on Materials Engineering (ICME) 2010 is the first event of subsequent series of conferences that we plan to run annually. The Conference is organized in conjunction with the Third AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials (RCM) 2010.
The ICME 2010 and the RCM 2010 aim to encourage the sharing of experience and research results about aspects in Materials Engineering among academicians, scientists, researchers, industry practitioners and students. Those will greatly enhance each other's expertise, enabling them to take further steps in the development of this special science. The role of materials science is increasing in recent years. Indeed, this science is an area that is very promising to improve the welfare of human beings. It has the potential to contribute much for a better future of the world. It should serve, however, as a guide that ensures the concept of sustainable development.
To reach that goal, I believe that UGM will continue to work with scientists and industrial companies around the world whilst taking the initiative in leading research and innovative works in the field of materials. I believe UGM researchers, senior and junior, as well as students, will strive hard to help achieve welfare for the better civilization and the happiness ofhumankind.
To conclude, I would like to express my sincere and profound gratitude to all members of the Conference Committee, the Dean of Faculty of Engineering UGM, and everyone who have made this event a success. I wish you all have a productive gathering as well as a pleasant stay in Yogyakarta. Thank you.
Wassalaammu'alaikum wr. wb.
Prof. Ir. Sudjarwadi, M.Eng., Ph.D.
the Chief Advisor JICA Project
for AUN/SEED-Net
It is a great honor for me once again to have an opportunity to welcome all of you to the 3rd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials Engineering, which is even more special this year as it is jointly organized with the 1st International Conference on Materials Engineering. On behalf of ASEAN University Network I Southeast Asia Engineering Education Development Network (AUN/SEED-Net), I would like to express my sincere gratitude to delegates from prestige Member and other Institutions, and all the people who have worked hard to organize this event, with my special thanks to the ASEAN Foundation, the main sponsor, and to Faculty of Engineering, Gadjah Mada University, the gracious and magnificent host, for successfully organizing this joint event, which will not only provide all participants with a greater chance to share research findings and trends, but also a greater chance to expand collaboration and networking among researchers in this area.
Since the start of the Project Phase I in2003, more than 120 seminars/conferences have been organized and year by year we have been witnessing significant expansion of participants to non-member institutions inside and outside the region as well as industrial practitioners and government bodies, which indicates the very promising sustainability of this engineering . network. And I believe that this network would empower researchers to tackle withASEAN common socio-economic issues.
Today we have arrived at the middle of the Project's Phase II. So far we have been making efforts in engineering human resources development in A SEAN - which over 700 scholarships for higher degrees have been awarded, and more than half of them have already returned home to serve their roles to build the next generation of engineers. We have significantly enhanced the education and research capacity of member institutions through several types of research grant, and we have been facilitating research collaboration within ASEAN as well as between ASEAN and Japan so as to establish and strengthen this engineering network. And we promise to continue these important missions in a way that will respond to the common needs of theASEAN region.
I strongly believe that the results of this 3rd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials Engineering will certainly have huge impacts and make path to future innovations and network expansion. Please let me wish all of you the valuable knowledge dissemination, the fruitful prolific discussion, as well as the wonderful stay in Yogyakarta. Let us together look forward to the smooth and successful conference.
Thank you very much.
Prof. Dr. TSUTSUMI Kazuo
Chief Advisor IlCAProject for AUN/SEED-Net
I
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Foreword from
the Dean of Faculty of Engineering of
Universitas Gadjah Mada
On behalf of the Faculty of Engineering, University of Gadjah Mada (UGM), I havt great pleasure in welcoming all of you to The 1st International Conference or Materials Engineering (ICME-2010) dan The 3rd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference (RCM) on Materials. I am very pleased that you are able to join us for this conference - your contributions will bring a range of important and valuable perspectives in the development of material engineering to support the sustainable development.
ICME 2010, which is organized by the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Faculty of Engineering ofUGM, is conducted in conjuction with the 3rdAUN/SEED- \ Net RCM on Materials. The AUN/SEED-Net RCM is an annual regional conference : organized by a member institution of AUN/SEED-Net and University of Sains '.· Malaysia as the host instituion of the material engineering field. Such cross national •\ cooperation between academic institutions is very important especially under the 1 condition of globalization. This conference also illustrates the close cooperation that has steadily been built-up between institutions involved in the AUN/Seed-Net, a development which has been of considerable benefit to all parties involved in the network.
The conference is not only a place where researchers and graduate students to review the progress of research in material engineering, but also to discuss related activities for further research collaboration. In addition to that, the conference will serve as a venue to collect and disseminate the most updated technology related to material engineering and the research of regional issue and of public interest in order to draw support from the industrial sectors and the governments.
The organization of this seminar would not have been possible without hard work of both steering and organizing committee and support given by TICA and ASEAN Foundation and I would like to take this opportunity of extending my thanks to all of them. Thank you and best wishes.
Dr. Tumiran
Foreword from
the Chairman ofICME and RCM 2010
On behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to express our utmost appreciation to all that have made this International Conference on Materials Engineering and Regional Conference on Materials 2010 (ICME and RCM 2010) accomplished. These included Universitas Gadjah Mada, Universiti Sains Malaysia, AUN-SEED/Net, IlCA, ASEAN Foundation, invited Professors from Japanese universities, from ASEAN universities, Indonesian public and Private sector. This make proudly to welcome representatives all the ASEAN countries, Indonesian universities, public organizations, and participation from industrial sector.
The 1st International Conference on Material Engineering 2010 (ICME 2010) and The 3rd Regional Conference on Materials 2010 (RCM 2010) aims to exchange and :;hare experiences and research result about all aspects of Materials Engineering among academic scientists, researchers fromASEAN countries to meet their colleagues from other parts of the world. The conference is expected to pave a path in the advancement of Materials engineering technology, as well as its application. The first International Conference on Materials Engineering 2010. The Conference is the first event of subsequent series of conference that we want to
run
annually.And the last, I would like to congratulate my committee members who had worked hard as a team for this event took place smoothly. And then, I would like to thank all the industrial sponsors who had given a lot of support.
Ir. Heru Santoso Budi Rochardjo, M.Eng., Ph.D.
vii
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LIST OF CONTENT
PROCEEDING of
the 1st INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE on MATERIALS ENGINEERING (ICME) and
the 3rd AUN/SEED-NET REGIONAL CONFERENCE on MATERIALS (RCM)
Title Page .... .... ... ... ... .. ... . _... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ... 1
Foreword ... .. ... ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... .... .. ... ... .... .. ... : .. .... ... ... 111
List of Content... ... .... ... ... .... .. .... ... ... ... .. .. ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ... vu
Keynote
An Overview of Polymer-OrganoclayNanocomposites ... ... 1
ZainalArifin MOHD ISHAK
EAF Steel Slag Process by Slag Atomizing Technology as a Solution
for Zero Waste and Green Environment... ... 5
Hitoshi TAKAGI
Nano-Scale Green Composites: Combination of Biomass Polymer
and Cellulose Nanofiber ... : ... 11
Tonioyuki NEMOTO, RahidaWati SHARUDIN and Masahiro OHSHIMA
Preparation of Nanocellular Foams (NCF) from Polymer Blends
- NCF will provide a higher performance than conventional foams - ... 17
Jun KOMOTORI, Yutaka KAMEYAMA, Shoichi KIKUCHI and Yuki AMANO
Surface Modification by Fine Particle Peening... 23
Jun KOMOTORI, Yutaka KAMEYAMA, Shoichi KIKUCHI and Yuki AMANO
Work-softening, high pressure phase formation and
powder cons.olidation by HPT ... 29
Minoru UMEMOTO
Biomaterials
30-porous calcium phosphate cement from
a-tricalcium phosphate (a-TCP) spheres for bone tissue regeneration ... 33
Pham TRUNG KIEN, Michito MARUTA, Kanji TSURU, Giichiro KAWACHI, Shigeki MATSUYA and Kuriio ISHIKAWA
A novel bioartifical pancreas for xenotransplantation ... ... 37
Nguyen M. LUAN, Yuji TERAMURA and Hirao IWATA
Development and Characterization of Al203/Bovine Hydroxyapatite ... 43
Effect of a Novel Sintering on Physical and Mechanical Properties
Of Carbonated Hydroxyapatite Ceramics... 51
Yanny-Marliana, 8.1 and Ahmad-Fauzi M.N
Effect of Cold Deformation and Sandblasting on Tensile Strength
and Corrosion Resistance of AISI 316L... .. ... 57
Suyitno and TeguhDwi WIDODO
Influences of Chitosan Addition to Morphology of Yttrium
Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) Nanoparticle for Dental Bridge Application ... .. .. ... .. 61
Heru HERMAWAN, Bambang SUNENDAR
Manufaeturing Processes of Bone Screws for Orthopaedic Implant
By Conventional Lathe Machine . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . ... ... .. . . .. ... . . .. . .. .. .. 65
PringgoWidyo LAKSONO, Muslim MAHARDIKA, SUYITNO, Punto DEWO, GunawanSetia PRIHANDANA, UripAgus SALIM, Budi ARIFVIANTO
Natural Hydroxyapatite: A Comparative Study of Bovine Hydroxyapatite,
Calcite Hydroxyapatite and Gypsum Hydroxyapatit ... 71
M. K. Herliansyah, M. W . Wildan, A. E.Tontowi, Suyitno, PuntoDewo
Surface Structure of AISI 316L after Sandblasting and Surface
Mechanical Attrition Treatment... ... ... 79
B. ARIFVIANTO, M. MAHARDIKA, SUYITNO
Ceramics
Activation of Natural Zeolite as Water Adsorbent for
Mixed-Adsorption Drying... ... 85
Mohamad DJAENI, Laeli KURNIASARI, Aprilina PURBASARI, Setia Budi SASONGKO
Electrical Characteristic Of Fe2o3 Thick Film Ceramics Made From
Local Mineral In AirAnd Ethanol Atmosphere... 89
Endi SUHENDI, Hera NOVIAand DaniGustaman SYARIF
Estimating the Thermal Conductivity of Nanoclay Using
theHasselman and Johnson Model... ... 91
Lawrence V. MADRIAGA, Emee Grace D. TABARES, Ivy Ann C. RAZONADO and Leslie Joy L. DIAZ
Fabrication of MgAl204-Ce02 Ceramics as
ｓｩｭｾｬ｡ｴ･､＠ Inert Matrix Fuel (IMF)... ... ... 95
DaniGustaman SYARIF
Incorporating High Molecular Weight Chitosan into Natural Clay
for Potential Biodegradable Food Packaging Material... 99
ix
Indium Tin Oxide Surface Properties Study by Means Of XPS... 105
Bagas PUJILAKSONO
Mesoporous Carbon Gel as a Support for Palladium .. .. .. . . . ... . . ... ... 123
U. Kijsirichareanchai, M. Sukwattanasinitt, J. Panpranot, N. Tonanon , T. Charinpanitkul
Preparation of Adsorbent from Bagasse Fly Ash (BFA) for Removal
of Cu (II) and Ni (II) and The Application . . ... . .. . .. .... .. . . .. .. .. .. . . .. . . .. ... ... .... .. ... ... 127
Avissa YUNITA, Esti T. WIDYASTUTI, Agus PRASETYA
Study Of Biosynthesis Silica Nanoparticles From Husk
Use FusariumOxysporum ... ... 133
YUSMANIAR, Soegijono B., Ambarsari LAKSMI, Elizabeth R. IRMA
The Effect of CaC03 Addition on the Crystallization Behavior
ofZnO Crystal Glaze Fired at Different Gloss Firing Temperatures... 137
Abdul Rashid JAMALUDIN, Shah Rizal KASIM, ZainalArifin AHMAD
The Effect of NaA Zeolite Modification on The Characteristics
of Polyacrylamide - NaA Zeolite Pervaporation Membranes ... : ... 143
Kris Tri BASUKI, Deni SWANTOMO, Christina Aprilliani PASKALIN
The Effect of Thermal Shock on Bending Strength of Zirconia Ceramics ... 147
Muhammad W. WILDAN, B. Setyoko, Suhanan and Heru SB Rochardjo
The Infrared Absoption Spectral Changes Of Coconut Shell Carbon
With Polyvinyl Alcohol Stimulant .. . . .. ... ... ... .. . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. ... .. . . .. ... .. ... 153
Meytij Jeanne Rampe, BambangSetiaji, WegaTrisunaryanti and Triyono
Composites
A Review Study on the Adhesively Bonded Composite Lap Joint
in Aerospace Industry... 159
S.N. ABDUL RAZAK, A.R. OTHMAN .
Deposition and Characterization of Chrome Carbide Based Ceramic Matrix Composite Coatings By High Velocity Oxygen ·
Fuel Thermal Spray Coating ... 165
Budi PRAWARA, Edy RIYANTO, Budi PRIYONO
Effects of Plate Thickness on Bullet Resistability of
Ramie Fiber Composite ... ... . ... ... ... ... ... ... 169
Heru S.B. ROCHARDJO, Rini DHARMASTITI, M. Waziz WILDAN and SUPARYONO
Hygrothermal Aging Studies on Biodegradable Poly(butylene succinate)/
Organo-montmorilloniteNanocomposites ... 173
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Reprocessed Kenaf
Fibre-Filled-Poly(butylene succinate) Composites . ... ... ... .. ... ... 177
J.M. LEE, Z.A. MOHD ISHAK
Microstructure and Properties of Open Air Hot Pressed Al/
SiCp Composites... 183
T. MUSTIKA, B. SOEGIYONO and l.N. JUJUR
Minimizing Property Variation in Natural Fiber Reinforcements
for Green Composite Materials Applications... ... 187
Leslie Joy L. DIAZ, Stela Marie HAGAD and Peter June M. SANTIAGO
Polymeric Thermoplastic Composite Bipolar Plate for PEM Fuel Cell ... 195
Eniyalistiani DEWI and DewiKusuma ARTI
Sinter Process of SiC Nanoparticles Reinforced Aluminium Metal
Matrix Nanocomposites ... ... . .... .. .. . . .. ... .. . . .. ... ... .. . . . ... ... . . 199
Koswara, B. SOEGIJONO, Dedi PRIADI
Strength of Timbers: A Case Study in Cambodia... 203
CHHOUK ChhayHorng
Study on Mechanical Properties of Clay Reinforced Epoxy
Nanocomposites... ... ... ... ... ... ... 211
Kusmono, Z.A. MOHD ISHAK, Angga ZURAHMAN
Synthesis and Thermal Characterization of Elastomer Polyurethane/
Clay Nanocomposites ... 215
Teuku RIHAYAT and SURYAN!
Tensile and Electrical Properties of Injection Molded Short Glass Fiber
and Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate Hybrid Composites ... 219
T.T.LAW, Z.A. Mohd ISHAK
Tensile Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre {PALF) Reinforced
High Impact Polystyrene Composites: Effect of Crosslinking Agent
and Electron Beam Irradiation... 225
J.P SIREGAR, E.H. AGUNG, S.M SAPUAN and T. CIONITA
The Growth of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Organic Matrix Entrapment in the Thermally Annealed and Post-Hydrothermally Treated
Ti02-Polymethyl Methacrylate Nanocomposites Derived
From Sol-Gel Process... 227
Akhmad Herman YUWONO and John WANG
The Influence of Wood Powder Adding on the Porosity of
Composite Material .. . . ... .. . . ... . . ... ... .. . .. .. . . ... . . . 233
utrisno, Arif T JAHJONO
he Particle Board Made of Rice Husk as Thermal Isolator For Ceiling... 237
airul MUHAJIR
I
i
Xl
The Testing of Internal Bond Strength of Particle Board
Made of Rice Husk . .. .. . . .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. . . . .. . . .. .. .. . .. .. . .. . . .. . .. .. .. .. .. ... ... .. . 243
Khairul MUHAJIR, Toto RUSIANTO, Rizqi FITRI
Failure Analysis
Failure Analysis of VRU (Vapor Recovery Unit) Discharge Silencer ... 247
Beny BANDANADJAJA, Wiwik PURWADI and M. ACHYARSYAH
Failure Analysis on a Ruptured Dampener ... 251
Hermawan JUDAWISASTRA, Slameto WIRYOLUKITO
Failure Analysis on Copper Brass Radiator Leakage on TBR 541 MPV... 257
Tono SUKARNOTO, Supriyadi
Failure Characterization of Polypropylene Thermoplastic Honeycomb
Core Subjected to Low Velocity Impact... 261
Amie NorFreeda AMIR, A.ROTHMAN
Metals
A Study on the Low Rotational Speed For the Joining Between
YSZ-Alumina Composite and 6061 Aluminum Alloy By Friction Welding .... ... 267
Uday M. B., M.N . Ahmad Fauzi, Zuhailawati H., A.B. Ismail
Analysis of FSW Welds Made of Aluminum Alloy 6110 ... 273
Jarot WIJAYANTO, Sudarsono, and Rizqi FITRI
Barium Titanate Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, Properties... 277
Kyaw NAING, Thandar WIN, and Khin Mar TUN
Breakaway Oxidation of FeCr System (Fe-2.25Cr, Fe-10Cr, Fe-18Cr
and Fe-25Cr) In 02 and In 02
+
H20 Environment at 600°C... ... .. .. . .. ... . .. .. . .. 283Sagas PUJILAKSONO .
Dissolution of MnS Inclusions of Stainless Steel under Cyclic Voltammetry
in Chloride Solution . .... ... . ... .... ... ... ... ... . .. .. . ... ... .... . . . ... ... ... .. .... 309
Sri Hastuty, Atsushi NISHIKATA, and Tooru TSURU
DSC Analysis of Cu-Zn-Sn Shape Memory Alloy Fabricated by
Electrodeposition of Tin on Brass... ... 313
Richard DV. ESPIRITU and Alberto V. AMORSOLO
Effect of Chromium Content on Isothermal Oxidation Behavior of
Zr-Nb Alloys at High Temperature ... 317
Effect of Mg2Si on Electrochei:nical Behavior Al-Mg-Si
Heat Treated PVD Coatings . ... . . ... . ... ... .... ... . . .. . ... .. ... ... . . .. .. . .. . .. . . . ... .. . ... . .... 323
Hariyanti, Gama! A. EL-MAHDY, Atsushi NISHIKATA and Tooru TSURU
Effect of Powder of Copper As A Makeup Material on
The Hardness of Base Metal... ... ... .. .. ... ... ... ... 327
Dody PRA YITNO, Achmad HALIM
Effect of Preheating on Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Behaviour of
Friction Stir Aluminium Alloy 6061-T6 Welds. ... ... ... 335
MochammadNoerllman, SckolastikaNinien
Effects of Mixing Method on Properties of Cu-NbC Composites Fabricated
via Powder Metallurgy... ... 343
Zuhailawati HUSSAIN, Radzali OTHMAN, Bui D. LONG, Minoru UMEMOTO
Environmentally - Assisted Crack Growth in
Deaerator Storage Vessel Steels... ... 347
Erwin SIAHAAN
Evaluation of Halogen Free Flux on IMC Formation and Reliability
of SAC/NiP Solder Joint.... ... ... ... ... 353
Nurulakmal M. SHARIF, Boon Pin, CHAN, and Wan Koon , 001
Hydrogen Storage Properties of the Mg-Ni Alloy Containing 5 wt% Ti and Mg-Ti Alloys Containing 5 wt% Al and 10 wt% Fe Prepared by
Mechanical Alloying . .. . . . .. . .. . .. .. . . ... .. .. . . .. .. . .. . . . ... . . .. ... ... . . . .. . . .... 357
Hadi SUWARNO
Influence of Chitosan Molecular Weight on Adhesive and Bioactivity
Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Coating... ... ... ... 363
Hermawan JUDAWISASTRA, Jamillah B.A. NORDIN, Bambang SUNENDAR
Modification of Silicon in Hypereutectic Aluminum Silicon Alloys. ... ... 369
Nguyen H. DUNG, Nguyen H. HAI, Tran D. HUY, Nguyen V. THAI
Nitrogen Implantation Effect on Hardness and Corrosion Rate of
304 Stainless Steel ... ... .. ... ... . ... .. .. ... .. .... ... .. ... ... ... 375
Viktor MALAU and Kusmono
Plasma Nitriding Effects on Hardness and Corrosion rate of
304 Stainless Steel.... .... ... .. ... .... ... ... ... 381
Viktor MALAU
Preparation of Al-Ti-B Master Alloys from Titanium Oxide and Boric Acid ... 387
Huynh Cong KHANH, Pham Van CUONG
Preparation of Aluminium Nano Powder by High Energy Milling Attrition ... 393
Xlll
Study of Carbon Diffusion Thickness of AISI 3115 Affected
by Heating Temperature and Andong's Bamboo Charcoal Grain Size
on Pack Carburizing ... ... ... .... ... ..
397
PutuHadi SETYARINI, NinisNing RATRI, WinarnoYahdi ATMODJO
The Effect of Al203, ZnO and Cr203 Fluxes in A-TIG (Active flux-TIG)
Welding on AISI 316L Stainless Steel ... .... .. . .. . ... .. .. . . .. . ... ... ..
401
Slameto WIRYOLUKITO, Restu SIHOTANG and Surasno
The Effect of Groove Dimension on Panel to the Damping Characteristics
of the Panel.. ... ... .. ... .... .... .... ... ...
407
Sunardi, I Made MIASA, R. SOEKRISNO
The Influence of NiAI Particle Size on Impact Resistance of
HVOF Thermal Sprayed Cr3C2-NiAl-Al203 Coating ...
413
Asyraful H. RASFA, Husaini ARDYand Budi PRAWARA
The Kinetics of Blood Cockle Shell and East African Land Snail Shell as Pack Carburization Energizers for Surface Hardening
of Low Carbon Steel...
417
Budi Hartono SETIAMARGA, AndhikaYusPratama TAMBUNAN and Umen RUMENDI
The Mercury Corrosion Attack on Stainless Steel Material at
Top Side Gas Wells Facility ... ... .. .... ... .. ... ...
421
ArdianNengkoda, Supranto
To Reduce the Fracture Mechanic at the Welding Spiral Pipe with
Stress Relief Annealing ... ... .. . . ... .. ... .... ... ... .... ...
427
Nur SUBEKI, M Jufri and Lukman HZ
Wear Resistance of High Velocity Oxygen Fuel Sprayed
Cr3C2-NiAl-Al203 Coatings . . . .. . .. . . ... . . ... . . .. . . ... .. . .. .. . . .. . .. . . . .. . . . ... . . ... ... ... .
435
Edy RIYANTO, Budi PRAWARA, Asyraful H. RASFA
Polymers
Adsorption Isotherm of Mesostructured Biphenyl-bridged
Organosilica Material... ...
441
Eduardo R. MAGDALUYO, Jr., Raymond V. RIVERA-VIRTUDAZO and Emily V. CASTRICIONES
Influences of Polysiloxane with Phenyl Group on The Optical and
Mechanical Properties of Polybenzoxazine-Polysiloxane Hybrids... ...
443
Hosta ARDHYANANTA, Moh. FARID and Tsutomu TAKEICHI
Irradiation Grafting Of Hydrophylic Monomer Onto Chitin
For Ion Exchange Application ... .. ... ... ...
447
HUSK USE
FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM
YUSMANIAR1, Bambang SOEGIJON0.2, Lak:smi AMBARSARI3, Irma Elizabeth 4
1
Chemistry Dept. University State
Of
Jakarta2
Physics Dept. University of Indonesia
3
·4 J3iochemis.try Pf!pt./3qgqr Agri(:y/t1mil l.Jniyf!rs_ity
Abstract:Silica nanoparticles biosynthesis utilizing rice husk as a source of silica as well as a substrate for the growth Fusarium
oxysporum. Fusarium oxysporum was grown in media pH 4-6, Incubation temperature 27 ° C, 4 I 5 empty space and aeration system
with an orbital shaker 200 rpm. Harvesting biomass F.oxysporum done at n hour, ie when the cells entered the stationary phase based on the growth curve. SEM analysis results seen loamy to each other and have a particles size with variations in size between 200-lOOQ nm. Three peak which has the highest peak of the 12 peak is found in the FTIR absorption spectrum, which is located at 34U8J8 cm·1 for H
20 clusters, 1639.04 cm· 1
to cluster C03 2', and 1078.71 cm· 1
for the_ group Si-0-Si this shows the husk of with
F.oxysporum treatment has changed the structure of basic forms (amorphous) - ·
Keywords: Silica nanoparticles, Fusarium oxyporum
l.lntoduction
Fusarium oxysporum can be used in the
biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles sized 20-50 run (1 ), gold nanoparticies (2), and 5-15 run-sized titania nanoparticles (3). Recent research reported is the nanoparticles synthesiz.ed by using natural materials as a substrate. Bansal
et al. (3)utilizing sand to synthesiz.e sillica.Silica
nanoparticles has several such properties, large surface area, good heat resistance, high mechanical strength, and inert to
be used as a precursor catalyst (4,5), a adsorbent (6), and as
a filter composite (7). The presence of silica (Si02) in
gramineae plants has been known since 1938, rice (Oryza
&ativa)
that ｡ｲｾ＠ ｭｾｭｾｲｳ＠of
ｧｲ｡ｭｪｮｾ｡ｾ＠ ｦ｡ｭｩｬｩｾｳ＠known to
contain silica.
According to Soepardi (10), the highest silica
content in rice contained in the husk. Rice husk can be used as a source of substrate in the biosynthesis of nanoparticles
of silica (SiC>i). Rice husk is the raw waste-based agriculture
is cheap and rich in silica From the grain milling process will produce 16.3 to 28% husk. A total of 16.98% silica contained in the husk (8). Inorganic silica material contained
in the husk, is in basic form amorphous silica(3).Based on
ＤＮｾ＠ ｧｾｾｾｲｩｰｈｾｭ＠ ＡＧＡｐＡｊｙｾＮ＠ this ｾｴﾵｱｹ＠ ｩｾ＠ ｴｨｾ＠ ｰｪｱｳｹｰＮｴｨｾｾｪｳ＠ ｾｩｬｬｾ＿Ｎ＠
nanoparticles using Fusarium to produce enzymes that can
reduce silica in rice husk.
Biosynthesis of nanoparticles is the development of new technology by producing metal nanoparticles of microbial cells and involves the enzymatic reaction.
Biosynthesis of nanoparticles takes place in a variety of specific mechanisms. The mechanism includes, efluksi system, oxidation-reduction reaction, bioabsorption, bioaccumulation, precipitation metal, and metal-specific
transport system. One mechanism in the creation of metal
nanoparticles is to use a specific enzyme that can reduce,
such as NADH reductase. Assay showed that the NADH
reductase proteins known as enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of metal nanoparticles and is an important factor responsible for the biosynthesis process. Reductase gain electrons from NADH and oxidize into NAD. This
enzyme in F.oxysporum conjugated with electronverrt it inti
another donor named quinine. This enzyme then reduces the
ｭｾｴ｡ｬ＠ ions and. ｣ｯｮｶｾｲｴ＠ it into ｡ｮｯｴ｢ｾｲ＠ f<mTI( l)
Reductase enzyme in the biosynthesis produced
F.oxysporum silica nanoparticles is specific. Silica
nanoparticles formed likely is the product of the exchange of
electrons by a specific reductase F .oxysporum as shown in
Figure I. Based on the enzymes produced by microbial
reduction, the techniques are classified into metailic
nanoparticles biosynthesis of intracellular and
extracellular. Biosynthesis in intracellular implement an on
going process of synthesis in the cell. The process of detoxification of harmful metals is mediated by an. enzymatic reaction that lasted through bioreduksi. metal and occurs in the cell. Through this mechanism, the nanoparticles obtained from cells with a specific method (9).
ＬｾＬ＠
"'--/
ｾ
ｾ ｾ＠
NADP ' NA1.lt'1-I
Figl. Mechanism of metal nanoparticle logam biosynthesis
Silica is a material that is available in natural and quantitatively have big numbers. Plants have a significant role in the biogeochemical cycle of silica. Silica in the soil
are in the form of water soluble silica (HiSi04). Inside the
plant polymerized and precipitized into amorphous silica forms. Some carbohydrates and plant proteins are known to
have a rnle in the polymerization of amorphous silica
biosilica into a form similar to the form of silica contained in the biosphere. After the plants die silica back into the
ground and on going microbial activity (10).
Compared with other section of rice plants such as leaf blade, midno of leaves, stems, and roots. In rice husk (gramineae) is a hard coating that wraps kariopsis grains, consists of two parts, called lemma and palea are interlocked. Husk will separate from the grain of rice and the agricultural waste materials or waste grain milling in the miltmg ｐＮｲｮ＼Ｚｾｳ＠ (3), Frnm ｴｨｾ＠ grain milling ｐｔﾮＮｾｳ＠
will
produce 16.3 to 28% husk. Chaff is categorized as a biomass that can be used for various needs such as industrial rawmaterials, fodder, and energy (8).
Silica is specifically used in various applications, such
as resins, molecular filters, supporting the role of catalyst,
and filler in the manufacture of polymers. In addition, silica is currently being developed in the field of biomedical applications (3). Silica is currently being developed. is silica as a porous inorganic material nanostrukur. Shaped silica
ＱＱｾｐＮｐＡＭＡＱＱｩｾｬｾＺ＾＠ ＴＡＡｶｾ＠ :>!mm!! ｡ＴｶＡＡｬｬｴ｡ｧｾＺ＾＠ a:> a lP.w-den:>ity particles, particles that are thermally stable, and also as a structure that can be packaged in capsules, as well as resistance to mechanical processes in the application(3).
2.Experiments
This research was conducted in three stages of
censtructien, which ｩｮ｣ｬｵ､･ ｾ＠ rejuvenatien and manufacture
of liquid Fusarium oxysporum isolates, and harvesting the
growth curve of Fusarium oxysporum isolates, and the
s.ynthesis. of s.ilica nan.oparticles., ｒｬｴｩｵｶｾｐＡＡｴｩｾｭ＠
im<J
manufacture of liquid isolates of Fusarium
oxysporom. Isola4!s of Fusarium oxysporum to be
rejuvenated taken ｴｲ｡ｮｳｦ･ｲｲｾ＠ into a petri dish containing
PDA me<lium, this process is done in tamin&r f}Qw.
Fusarium pxysporum which was grown on PDA, then
inc11bated at 27 ° C for 9(j hours up to the cup fungi
Fusarium oxyspon.un fulfill thepetri.Isol at stocks tbat were
grown in PDA inoculate4 in Erlenmeyer flask conmining l 0
mL PPL (Potato dextrose liquid) which is
a
stuterinocullµll . lnoculum starter tllen inc11bated for 12-18 hotITT.
As
many as
1 °lo inoCJ.dum of starter was inoculated into 50mL medium PDL.
2.1.Materials and Method
Materials and Equipment
The materials use in this study is isolate fungi Fusarium
oxysporum, rice husks, distilled water, phenol-chloroform,
Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA), HCL and NaOH. The tools
used include Laminar Air Flow, incubators, centrifuge
spectrophotometers (spectronic 20), Scanning Electron
Microscope (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.2. Prepare curve of growth of Fusarium oxysporum
Isolates Fusarium oxysporum growth was measured
biomass grow' ns in potato dextrose liquid medium (PDL).
The liquid of fusarium oxysporum isolates the PDL
measured optical density (OD) use spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 600 nm and 12-hour time intervals; ie at the 0, 12,24,36,48,60,72,84,and96
2.3.Synthesls of Silica Nanopartlcles
The flJ1lt treatment carried out with 50 mL of aquadest
contain's husk aquadest included in the autociave. Second treatment performed with 50 mL of containing 2.5 grams
husk put into the autoclave. Then, the biomass of Fusarium
oxysporum that have been harvested as many as 10 grams
resuspensize in aquadest contains husk. The reaction
between the biomass of fungi was conducted in ail incubator
for 24 hours. The suspension is filtered so it can be separated from mycelial fungi and chaff from the
components of water (filtrate product). The filtrate obtained
was treated phenol-chloroform (1 : 1) and centrifuged at 6000
rpm. The next stage is the crystallization of silica nanoparticles, filtrate of silica was made in the form of
form. These powders were characterized use SEM and FTIR.
3.RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1.Growth of Fusarium oxysporum Isolates Liquid
The color of the original media began to turn from clear
become turbid clear at the 12th, thus indicating that at the hour 12th occurred lag and acceleration phases. Harvesting
biomass F.oxysporum done hour 12th, ie when the cells
entered the stationary phase based on the growth curve obtained. Stationary phase is determined as the time of
harvest for F. oxysporum as expected in that phase the
number of cells that grow relatively balanced, (Gandjar 2006). It is also in accordance with studies conducted Bansal
et al. (2002) and Bansal et al (2005), F.axysporum grown for
72 b in aeration conditions on the shaker speed of 200 rpm
and incubated at 27 ° C.
6
Ｈｏｾ＠
4
3 2
/
0 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96
[image:19.607.290.567.59.618.2]time (b)
Fig 2. F .oxysparum growth curve.
3.2.Silica nanoparticles as a result of biosynthesis
F.oxysporum
Biosynthesis of silica anoparticles made by growing
F.oxjsporum in media contains rice husk as
a
solirceof
silica as well as a substrate for the growth F.oxysporum.
Husk that contains 16.98% silica (Post-Harvest Research Center of Agriculture 200 I) can be changed to silica
nanoparticles by using F.oxysporum biosynthesis.
Components contained in the husk, which can be exploited
[image:19.607.292.563.79.322.2] [image:19.607.28.205.359.538.2]by F.oxysporum cellulose as a substrate in their life cycle .
Fig 3. SEM images of silica synthesized using F oxysporum
Fig 3. SEM showed the reaction product biosynthesis
F. oxysporum with 5 grams of rice husk for 24 hours at 2,000
times magnification. Particles seen loamy one another. Nanoparticles formed actually do not directly attached to one another as the result of biosynthesis of silver
nanoparticles is performed by (I). This is because of
nanoparticles stabilized by proteins in the culture that is
secreted by F.oxysporum coversone of the proteins that play
[image:19.607.288.564.422.619.2]a role in this regard is cytochrome C
Fig 4. SEM images of husk
Figure 4 is a husk without treatment F.oxysporum as a
comparison or a negative control , to prove that the product biosynthesis have indicated smaller than husk. Particle biosynthesis results appear to have different variations in size between 200-1000 nm (Fig. 3 ). Husk particle size
without treatment F.oxysporum in figure 4 is 50 µm . These
Proceeding of the 1111 International Conference on Materials Engineering (ICME) and 3 nd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials(RCM)
results prove that the particle size before and after the husk
treated F.oxysporum has narrowed. This indicates that the
extracellular enzymes released F.oxysporum has worked in reducing the husks so that formed product biosynthesis with
the size of 200-1000 nm.
FTIR analysis conducted to more detail the analysis of product biosynthesis. This analysis is based on the infrared spectrum at every functional group of a molecule that is specific. APsPrpti!:m spectrum for SiQ44·fwwtimu1l gn:mp is
1200-900 cm·1 and clusters of Si-0-Si in the range of
1000-Il l0cm·1 .
Fig S.spctra recorded from silica particle synthesized from Husk
by F. Oxysporum
of substrate indicate presence of silica . There is a spectral
absorption peak 1078.71 cm·1 is indicated as the absorption
spectrum of silica due to cluster-SixO/ is at 1200-900 enfl.
However, other functional groups found SixO/,
Col·
functional groups that are in pektrum absorption of 1639.04 cm The result ofFTIR spectrum of the product biosynthesis
with the addition of S grams ·! and H20 absorption spectrum
located at 3408.18 cm·1• The presence of functional groups
containing carbon, indicating that there are still untapped
cellulose by F.oxysporum.
XRD Sekam
llOO
Fig 6. XRD of husk
-··-· ;
" . ｾ＠
lit h l!tt.1
Fig 7. XRD images silica
synthesizl:d using F. Oxysporum
Characteristics of the structure of biosynthetic products were
itnalyzed using XRD. The results of the llllalysis by XRD
diffraction peaks . . Figure ｾＮ＠ is the diffraction peak for the
husks without treatment F.oxysporum and treated as a
negative control. Inorganic silica material contained in the
husk, is in the basic structure amorphous silica (3).
· Figure 7. is a diffraction peak which is a product
biosynthesis husk with F.oxysporum treatment. Diffraction
peak is different products biosynthesis of diffraction peaks
of chaff, there are several peaks at sin 2 theta 22° and 44°. Based on these results it can be said that the husk with
F. O:+y$porwn treatment ch<mges the strucmre pf 1J&sic fomis (amorphous) change to silica crystalline.
4.Conclusion
The results showed that life time F. oxysporum for
biosynthesis of silica nanoparticles was 72 hours . SEM results showed that particles with sizes varying between
200-1000 run and aggregate. FTIR results already indicate
the existence of cfosters of Si-0-Si. Husk experiencing
changes in the structure of basic forms (amorphous) and
indicllte the form of crystalline silica nanoparticles
(crystoba.Uite) i>&Sed on XRD &nalysis.
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Proceeding of the 1111 International Conference on Materials Engineering (ICME) and 3 nd AUN/SEED-Net Regional Conference on Materials(RCM)
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