The Analysis Of Personality Disorder On Two Characters In The Animation Series Black Rock Shooter

1 THE ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY DISORDER ON TWO CHARACTERS IN THE ANIMATION SERIES BLACK ROCK SHOOTER

A THESIS

BY

RIZKI ANDRIAN RAMADHANA

REG.NO: 100705031

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA

i THE ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY DISORDER ON TWO CHARACTERS IN THE ANIMATION SERIES BLACK ROCK SHOOTER

A THESIS

BY

RIZKI ANDRIAN RAMADHANA REG. NO: 100705031

Supervisor, Co-supervisor,

Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M. Pd. Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M. Hum. NIP. 19561214 198601 2 001 NIP. 19580517 198503 1 003

Submitted to Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara Medan in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from Department of English

DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH

ii Approved by the Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Study University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Medan as thesis for the Sarjana Sastra Examination.

Head, Secretary,

iii Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Satra from Department of English, Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara, Medan.

The examination is held in Department of English Faculty of Cultural Studies University of Sumatera Utara on April 8th, 2015.

Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies

University of Sumatera Utara

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA

NIP. 19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners:

Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S .………

Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, M.A., Ph. D .……… Dra. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M. Pd. ……….

iv AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

I, RIZKI ANDRIAN RAMADHANA, DECLARE THAT I AM THE SOLE AUTHOR OF THIS THESIS. EXCEPT WHERE REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT OF THIS THESIS, THIS THESIS CONTAINS NO MATERIAL PUBLISHED ELSEWHERE OR EXTRACTED IN WHOLE OR IN PART FROM A THESIS BY WHICH I HAVE QUALIFIED FOR AWARDED ANOTHER DEGREE.

NO OTHER PERSON’S WORK HAS BEEN USED WITHOUT DUE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT IN THE MAIN TEXT OF THIS THESIS. THIS THESIS HAS NOT BEEN SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF ANOTHER DEGREE IN ANY TERTIARY EDUCATION.

Signed :

v COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

NAME : RIZKI ANDRIAN RAMADHANA

TITLE OF THESIS :THE ANALYSIS OF PERSONALITY

DISORDER ON TWO CHARACTER IN THE

ANIMATION SERIES BLACK ROCK

SHOOTER

QUALIFICATIONS : S-1/ SARJANA SASTRA

DEPARTMENT : ENGLISH

I AM WILLING THAT MY THESIS SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR REPRODUCTION AT THE DISCRETION OF THE LIBRARIAN OF DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH, FACULTY OF CULTURAL STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA ON THE UNDERSTANDING THAT USERS ARE MADE AWARE OF THEIR OBLIGATION UNDER LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA.

Signed :

vi ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul The Analysis of Personality Disorder on Two Characters in the Animation Series “Black Rock Shooter” yang merupakan sebuah pembahasan mengenai gangguan kepribadian yang dimiliki oleh dua karakter dari serial animasi Black Rock Shooter, yaitu Kagari Izuriha dan Yomi Takanashi. Dipilihnya serial animasi Black Rock Shooter sebagai bahan penelitian karena animasi ini merupakan sebuah animasi yang beraliran psikologikal dan mempresentasikan tentang kerumitan yang dialami dalam menjalin sebuah hubungan dengan orang lain, khususnya ketika menjalin sebuah hubungan persahabatan. Hal ini dikarenakan manusia adalah makhluk sosial yang memerlukan interaksi satu sama lain. Penelitian dalam skripsi ini menggunakan teori gangguan kepribadian dari Durand & Barlow yang dikaitkan dengan teori hirarki kebutuhan dasar manusia yang dikemukakan oleh Abraham Maslow. Teori Maslow ini membagi kebutuhan dasar manusia menjadi empat tingkatan, yaitu kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan akan rasa aman, kebutuhan akan kasih sayang, kebutuhan akan harga diri dan apabila semuanya terpenuhi maka perwujudan diri akan tercapai. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif – kualitatif. Metode ini menngunakan data berupa paparan bahasa yang mengandung pikiran, sikap dan tindakan tokoh dalam bentuk dialog yang terjadi antar tokoh yang terkait. Sumber data dalam penelitian skripsi ini menggunakan dialog antar tokoh dalam serial animasi Black Rock Shooter. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mereduksi data yang diperoleh, memajang data, mengidentifikasi data dan terakhir membuat kesimpulan. Tujuan dari pembahasan ini adalah untuk mengetahui gangguan apa saja yang muncul pada karakter Kagari Izuriha dan Yomi Takanashi saat sang karakter utama, Mato Kuroi ingin menjalin persahabatan dan apa penyebab dari munculnya gangguan tersebut. Setelah melakukan pembahasan dengan menggunakan buku – buku psikologi dan kepribadian disertai juga film animasi Black Rock Shooter, khususnya teks dialog dari karakter terkait sebagai bahan pedoman penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa munculnya gangguan kepribadian memiliki kaitan erat dengan kebutuhan – kebutuhan hidup manusia. Tidak terpenuhinya sebuah kebutuhan menyebabkan munculnya gangguan kepribadian pada diri seseorang.

vii ABSTRACT

The title of this thesis is The Analysis of Personality Disorder on Two Characters in the Animation Series “Black Rock Shooter” which discusses about the personality disorder of two characters from this series; they are Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi. The animation series Black Rock Shooter is chosen as the source of data because this animation has psychological genre and represents the complexity of human relationship, especially when build up a friendship. It is because human is a social being who needs to interact with the others. The study of this thesis uses the personality disorder theory by Durand & Barlow which is connected to the hierarchy of need theory by Abraham Maslow. Maslow’s theory divides human needs into four categories; they are physiological need, security need, love and belonging need, esteem need and as top of it is the self actualization. The method that used in this study is descriptive – qualitative method which the used data is the language that contains the thought, the attitude, and the action of the characters and formed as the dialogue between characters. The source of data is the dialog of the characters and the analysis is done by reducing the collected data, displaying data, identifying data and draws the conclusion. The objective of this study is to know the kind of personality disorder that occurs from the two characters, Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi when the main character, Mato Kuroi builds up the friendship with them and also the cause of their disorder. After analyzed it with the help of psychology and personality books and the dialogue of the character as the source of data, it can be concluded that the personality disorder occurrence is connected with the human needs. The unfulfilled need can trigger the personality disorder.

viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Alhamdulillah, in the name of Allah SWT, the writer would like to thank Allah SWT, for all the mercy and blessing that I have and for the chance and power that given to me to complete this thesis. Praises and greets to Rasulullah Muhammad SAW who has brought us to the luminous era and lead us to the goodness of mankind.

The writer sincere gratitude also goes to the Dean of Faculty of Cultural Studies, University of North Sumatera, Dr. Syahron Lubis, MA, the Head and the Secretary of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S and Rahmadsyah Rangkuti, MA. Ph.D for all of the facilities and opportunities given to the writer during the study.

First and foremost, the writer would like to thank the writer supervisor and co-supervisor, Drs. Diah Rahayu Pratama, M.Pd and Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M. Hum for the guidance, support, advice, and constructive comments during the writing of this thesis. Special thanks to Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum who gives the additional advices and suggestions to the writer in his free time.

The writer special thanks are expressed to the writer beloved parents, Amhar Astono and Sri Karni and also my sister Ulfa Nuke Astari and my brothers Indra Dzul Fanni and Andry Nugraha for giving the writer the endless support, love and attention. The other special thanks go to Wina Viqa Sari who always gives many supports and gives me love and affection.

ix sad friends, Aldi “kiteng”, Atun, Anis, Ninis, Fani “bencong”, Wahyu, Dimaz, Salim “abel”, Dannish, Ivan, Amsaldi, Agung, Septian and many more that I can’t mention

them all one by one. And a sincere thanks for all people in IMSI’s big family.

I am really grateful to have everyone supporting me in the process of finishing this thesis. For their caring, support, love and affection, I really thank them. And I am really sorry if maybe I forget to mention some names here.

Finally, the writer has to admit that this thesis is far from being perfect. Thus any comments, suggestions, and criticism will be humbly accepted. May Allah SWT bless us. Amin.

Medan 21 April, 2015 The Writer

x TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION……….. v

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION... vi

ABSTRAK……… ... vii

ABSTRACT……… vii

ACKNOWLEDGMENT……… .ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS……… xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1Background of the Study………. 1

1.2Problem of the Study………... 5

1.3Objective of the Study………. 6

1.4Scope of the Study………... 6

1.5Significance of the Study………. 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Literature and Psychology……… 8

2.2 Character and Literature………... 9

2.3 Character and Hierarchy of Needs………... 10

2.4 Personality Disorder………. 17

xi

3.2 Data Collection………. 30

3.3 Data Analysis……… 30

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDING 4.1 Analysis……… 32

4.1.1 Kagari’s Personality Disorder……… 32

4.1.2 Yomi’s Personality Disorder……….. 38

4.2 Finding………. 43

4.2.1 Kagari Izuriha………. 43

4.2.2 Yomi Takanashi……….. 44

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 Conclusion………. 45

5.2 Suggestion……….. 47

REFERENCES

BIOGRAPHY

vi ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul The Analysis of Personality Disorder on Two Characters in the Animation Series “Black Rock Shooter” yang merupakan sebuah pembahasan mengenai gangguan kepribadian yang dimiliki oleh dua karakter dari serial animasi Black Rock Shooter, yaitu Kagari Izuriha dan Yomi Takanashi. Dipilihnya serial animasi Black Rock Shooter sebagai bahan penelitian karena animasi ini merupakan sebuah animasi yang beraliran psikologikal dan mempresentasikan tentang kerumitan yang dialami dalam menjalin sebuah hubungan dengan orang lain, khususnya ketika menjalin sebuah hubungan persahabatan. Hal ini dikarenakan manusia adalah makhluk sosial yang memerlukan interaksi satu sama lain. Penelitian dalam skripsi ini menggunakan teori gangguan kepribadian dari Durand & Barlow yang dikaitkan dengan teori hirarki kebutuhan dasar manusia yang dikemukakan oleh Abraham Maslow. Teori Maslow ini membagi kebutuhan dasar manusia menjadi empat tingkatan, yaitu kebutuhan fisiologis, kebutuhan akan rasa aman, kebutuhan akan kasih sayang, kebutuhan akan harga diri dan apabila semuanya terpenuhi maka perwujudan diri akan tercapai. Adapun metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif – kualitatif. Metode ini menngunakan data berupa paparan bahasa yang mengandung pikiran, sikap dan tindakan tokoh dalam bentuk dialog yang terjadi antar tokoh yang terkait. Sumber data dalam penelitian skripsi ini menggunakan dialog antar tokoh dalam serial animasi Black Rock Shooter. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mereduksi data yang diperoleh, memajang data, mengidentifikasi data dan terakhir membuat kesimpulan. Tujuan dari pembahasan ini adalah untuk mengetahui gangguan apa saja yang muncul pada karakter Kagari Izuriha dan Yomi Takanashi saat sang karakter utama, Mato Kuroi ingin menjalin persahabatan dan apa penyebab dari munculnya gangguan tersebut. Setelah melakukan pembahasan dengan menggunakan buku – buku psikologi dan kepribadian disertai juga film animasi Black Rock Shooter, khususnya teks dialog dari karakter terkait sebagai bahan pedoman penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa munculnya gangguan kepribadian memiliki kaitan erat dengan kebutuhan – kebutuhan hidup manusia. Tidak terpenuhinya sebuah kebutuhan menyebabkan munculnya gangguan kepribadian pada diri seseorang.

vii ABSTRACT

The title of this thesis is The Analysis of Personality Disorder on Two Characters in the Animation Series “Black Rock Shooter” which discusses about the personality disorder of two characters from this series; they are Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi. The animation series Black Rock Shooter is chosen as the source of data because this animation has psychological genre and represents the complexity of human relationship, especially when build up a friendship. It is because human is a social being who needs to interact with the others. The study of this thesis uses the personality disorder theory by Durand & Barlow which is connected to the hierarchy of need theory by Abraham Maslow. Maslow’s theory divides human needs into four categories; they are physiological need, security need, love and belonging need, esteem need and as top of it is the self actualization. The method that used in this study is descriptive – qualitative method which the used data is the language that contains the thought, the attitude, and the action of the characters and formed as the dialogue between characters. The source of data is the dialog of the characters and the analysis is done by reducing the collected data, displaying data, identifying data and draws the conclusion. The objective of this study is to know the kind of personality disorder that occurs from the two characters, Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi when the main character, Mato Kuroi builds up the friendship with them and also the cause of their disorder. After analyzed it with the help of psychology and personality books and the dialogue of the character as the source of data, it can be concluded that the personality disorder occurrence is connected with the human needs. The unfulfilled need can trigger the personality disorder.

1 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

Literature is the reflection of the daily life, experience, social, culture, history and the people around us, included their behaviors, psychology or their attitudes. Everything that the author has felt, seen, heard or even experienced can be put into a literary work using the author’s creative imagination. Wellek and Warren (1949:3)

say that literature is a creative action; an art. Aristotle said that literature is divided into three major genres, they are poetry, prose and drama. Each of them has their own characteristics. In this modern era, literature develops significantly, especially drama. Drama is not only an act on the stage, but in this era, it is done in a movie, soap opera and even it has transformed into an animation series that aired in television

2 advanced learner’s dictionary, “animation” is defined as the technique of

photographing successive drawings or positions of puppets or models to create an illusion of movement when the film is shown as a sequence. Based on that idea, Conrad in Wijayanto (2009) says, “What I want to do with the help of written words

is to make you hear and feel, and above all of them is to make you see.” Conrad

means people are more interested watching scenes than reading a narration.

The word “animation” comes from Latin animātiō, "the act of bringing to

life"; from animō ("to animate" or "give life to") and -ātiō ("the act of"). In the beginning, animation is something simple like drawing that can be found in paleolithic cave paintings, where animals are often depicted with multiple legs in superimposed positions, clearly attempting to convey the perception of motion, but now animation develops significantly. There are three kinds of animation based on how it is made; they are two dimensional animation (2D), three dimensional animation (3D) and clay animation (retrieved from www.zainalhakim.web.id).

2D animation is an animation that common people call “cartoon” which

means a funny picture. 2D animation is also called cel animation or hand-drawn animation because the process used for this animated films using the individual

frames from photographs of drawings, first drawn on paper. To create the illusion of

movement, each drawing differs slightly from the one before it. Black Rock Shooter

is one kind of 2D animation. Meanwhile, the 3D animation is also called computer generated image or CGI. CGI produces an animation which has 3D form and looks alive. The last is clay animation. Clay animation is made using a special frame for the character’s body and then this frame is covered using plascticine that fit to the

3 Character in a literary works, as well as in the animation series, cannot be separated from the plot and setting. Based on that idea, character is became the main focus in this thesis. Oxford advanced learner’s dictionary (2000:208) defines

character as a person or animal in a book, play or film. A character in a play, film and animation series has its own personality and psychological characteristics as well as the people in the real life. Peck (1984:79) says that character is the people in a play that can be assessed on the basis what they say and do, and what the other says about them.

Character is the reflection of a person or combination of several people in real life that has been seen or known by the writer of a literary work. As a living creature, person in the real life must have any needs that they have to fulfill in order to survive, as well as a character in a literary work which is a reflection of a person in real life. Concerning to that case, Abraham Maslow (1970) explained that human have biological needs that have to be fulfilled called hierarchy of needs. Those needs are divided into four aspects of needs; they are esteem, love and belonging, safety, physiological and as the goal is the self actualization. Those needs are portrayed by the two characters that become the focus of this thesis.

4 patterns are manifested in at least two of the following areas: cognitions, emotions, relationship and impulse control. The character Kagari Izuriha got an accident when she was child that makes her suffer dependency and character Yomi Takanashi has complex relationship problem that makes her suffer borderline. Based on this problem, personality disorder becomes the analysis of this thesis.

Black Rock Shooter is eight episodes Japanese animation series directed by Shinobu Yoshioka and written by Mari Okada. This animation tells us about a girl named Mato Kuroi, who befriends with another girl, Yomi Takanashi, when she enters the junior high school school. Yomi Takanashi is also has a childhood friend named Kagari Izuriha. Kagari’s attitude is really bad. She really hates Mato Kuroi

because she tries to befriend with Yomi. She does many extreme actions in order to prevent Mako and Yomi become friend. Kagari doesn’t want Yomi befriend with other people because she thinks Yomi doesn’t need anyone except her. Soon after

that, Kagari recovered from her disorder and enrolled to the same school as Yomi and Mato, but unfortunately, after that, Yomi start showing the sign of disorder because she thinks Kagari ignores her and doesn’t want to become her friend

5 Shooter fights other girls. The writer chooses only episode one until episode five of this series where Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi take part.

The writer decided to analyze the personality disorder from two characters of Black Rock Shooter because these two characters, Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi have the most complex and sustainable problem than another characters in the story. Those two characters, Kagari and Yomi, portrayed the personality disorder as the form of unfulfilled needs and it is portrayed in the episode one until episode five. The main reason why does Black Rock Shooter animation series is chosen as a source of data because this animation series presents the complexity of human relationship, especially teenager while building a friendship with other people that is showed by the two characters; Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi when the main character, Mato Kuroi tries to befriend with them. That’s why this animation

becomes unique and interesting to be analyzed. And the reason why does the writer chose this topic because as the same human being, we have to make social interaction to another people and it is hoped that this thesis can help to understand the characterizations and attitudes of other people in order to build up a relationship.

1.2Problem of the Study

There are several problems that would be analyzed, those are:

6 2. What is the cause of the personality disorder that suffered by the two

characters, Kagari and Yomi in Black Rock Shooter?

1.3Objective of the Study

In this research, the writer intends to find out that there are objectives based on the problem that has been decided:

1. To find out personality disorder that portrayed by the two characters, Kagari and Yomi in Black Rock Shooter.

2. To find the cause of personality disorder that suffered by the two characters, Kagari and Yomi in Black Rock Shooter.

1.4Scope of the Study

7 1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is really expected that it can achieve some significance, such as:

1. To help the readers understand about the personality disorder that portrayed by the two characters that found in the story.

2. To show that the story of an animation film isn’t always just a simple thing and not only as the kid’s favorite show, but also can be analyzed

scientifically.

8 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 Literature and Psychology

Literature is the reflection of human daily life, experience, social, culture, history and the people around, included their behaviors, psychology or their attitudes. All social problems in real life can be seen through a literary work. Wellek and Warren (1949) describe literature as a creative action; an art. They also state that there are two approaches of literature; the intrinsic approach and extrinsic approach. The intrinsic approaches a literary work through the elements that build from inside, such as character, setting, plot, point of view, style and theme. Meanwhile, the extrinsic approaches aspects of literary works including the external factors that have influences in forming a literary works such as religion, culture, history, psychology, social, etc.

Psychology is defined as a study of mind (Roediger in Hutahean, 2010). Mind is owned by a person, person is a character, and literature also studies about character, including its mind. Both literature and psychology study about human behavior and they also have a relationship toward character. Literature consists of psychology of a character that conducts a story of a literary work. Everything that relate to a character, such as attitude, behavior and morality are parts of a person’s

9 the real life; meanwhile literature explores the fiction person of a literary work that imitating from the real life.

2.2 Character in Literature

Character is a person represented in a dramatic or narrative work, who interpreted by the reader as being endowed with particular moral, intellectual, and emotional qualities by inferences from what the person say and their distinctive ways of saying it (dialogue) and from what they do (action) (Abrams, 1999). The grounds in character’s temperament, desires, and moral nature of their speech and action are

called their motivation. E. M. Foster in Abrams, introduced popular new terms for an old distinction by discriminating between flat and round character. Flat characters are two dimensional in that they are relatively uncomplicated and do not change throughout the course of a literary work. In contrary, round characters is complex and undergo development, sometimes is capable to surprise the reader.

Flat characters have one or two qualities or traits that can be described in an easy summary. They are not complex characters and can be read easily by the reader. Some flat characters are recognized as stock characters; they personalize stereotypes like a “wise teacher” in a school or a “kind-hearted friend”. Round characters are

10 On the other hand, in the literary works, especially novel and drama, there is something that called the protagonist character and antagonist character. The protagonist character is called hero for male character and heroine for female character, and also the bad ones called the villain or antagonist (Wellek, 1949). The protagonist is the central character who engages reader’s interest and empathy,

meanwhile the antagonist is a character, force or collection of force that stands directly oppose the protagonist and raises the conflict of a story.

Peck (1984:79) says that character is the people in a play that can be assessed on the basis what they say and do, and what the other says about them. A wide distinction is often made between methods for characterizing; showing and telling. In showing, the writer simply showing the character talking and acting and leaves the reader to infer the motives and natures that lie behind what they say and do, not only external speech and action, but also a character’s inner thoughts and feelings. In

telling, the writer has the authority to intervene in order to describe or evaluate the motives and nature qualities of a character (Abrams, 1999).

2.3 Character and Hierarchy of Needs

11 According to Abraham Maslow (1970), there are four types of needs that must be satisfied before a person (character) can act unselfishly. The needs are arranged in a hierarchical order. The upward climb is made by satisfying one set of needs at a time. The most basic is physiological need. After that come the need for safety, then desire for love, the quest for esteem and as the goal is self actualization. We’re driven to satisfy the lower needs, but we’re drawn to meet the higher ones. The lower four layers of the pyramid called “deficiency needs”. Satisfying needs is

healthy, but blocking it or unfulfilling it makes us sick or maybe a disorder could occur. The Hierarchy of Needs by Abraham Maslow can be seen in the diagram below:

Diagram 1. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

12 common desire for love makes us brother or sister. Maslow also stated that the one that has the greatest power or influence over our action called prepotent need. Everyone has prepotent need, but the need will different among individuals. Someone maybe motivated by craving for love, while the other maybe motivated by a desire for esteem.

Physiological Needs

13 Safety Needs

If the physiological needs are relatively well gratified, there then emerges a new set of needs, which may categorize as the safety needs. Safety needs operate mainly on psychological level. Naturally a person tries to avoid a poke in the eyes with a sharp stick. But once that person has managed a certain level of physical comfort, he/she will seek to establish stability and consistency in a chaotic world. For example, kids enjoy a set bedtime routine and grow visibly distressed if a parent tries to short-circuit the ritual. In world of work, these safety needs manifest themselves in such things as a preference for job security, grievance procedure for protecting the individual from unilateral authority, saving accounts and the like. Safety and security needs include:

 Personal security

 Financial security

 Health and well-being

 Safety net against accidents/illness and their negative effects

14 In kids we can also see a much more direct reaction to bodily illness of various kinds. Sometimes these illnesses seem make the kids feel unsafe. For instance, vomiting, colic or other sharp pains seem to make the child look at the whole world in a different way. At such moment of pain, it may be proven that, for the kids, the whole world suddenly changes from sunniness to darkness and become a place in which anything might be happen, in which previously stable things suddenly become unstable. Thus, kids is taken ill because of some bad foods, may develop fear, nightmares and a need of protection.

Otherwise, the need for safety is seen as an active and dominant mobilizer of a person’s resources only in real emergencies.

Love and Belongingness Needs

The love and belongingness needs come into play after the physiological and safety needs are gratified. This aspect of Maslow’s hierarchy involves emotionally based relationship in general, such as:

 Friendship

 Intimacy

 Family

15 Human or a person (character) needs to feel a sense of belonging and acceptance, whether it comes from a large social groups, such as clubs, office culture, religious groups, or small social connections (family member). He/she needs to love and be loved (sexual or not sexually) by the others. He/she will get hunger for affectionate relations with people in general and he will strive with great intensity to achieve this goal. He/she will want to attain such a place more than anything else in this world. In the absence of these elements, many people become susceptible to loneliness, rejection, friendlessness, social anxiety, and clinical depression or personality disorder might occur. This need can often overcome the physiological and safety needs, depending on the strength of the peer pressure.

Maslow’s concept of belonging combines the twin urges to give and receive.

Giving love is different from the passion of music lyric that announce “I want you, I’m going to have you”, that’s raw sex. For Maslow, giving love is seeking to fill a

void by understanding and accepting selected others. Receiving love is a way of staving off the pangs of loneliness and rejection.

The love and belonging needs are more fragile than the previous needs. For example, this need is nonexistent in the psychopath, who feels no desire for warmth and affection. And some people get their esteem and belongingness wires crossed. They want respect before they want to love.

16 by other needs, chief among which are the love and affection needs. Also no to be overlooked is the fact the love needs involve both giving and receiving love.

Esteem Needs

All humans have a need to be respected and to have self-esteem and selfrespect. Also known as the belonging need, esteem presents the normal human desire to be accepted and valued by others. People need to engage themselves to gain recognition and have an activity or activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-valued, be it in a profession or hobby. Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority complex. People with low self-esteem need respect from others. They may seek fame or glory, which again depends on others. Psychological imbalances such as depression can also prevent one from obtaining selfesteem on both levels. Satisfaction of the self esteem need leads to feeling of self confidence, worth, strength, capability, and adequacy of being useful an necessary in this world.

17 Self Actualization: The Ultimate Goal

Maslow describes the needs for self actualization as “the desire to become

more and more what one is, to become everything that one is capable of becoming.”

This is a broad definition of the need for self-actualization, but when applied to individuals the need is specific. For example one individual may have the strong desire to become an ideal parent, in another it may be expressed athletically, and in another it may be expressed in painting, pictures, or inventions. Person (character) feels this gentle but persistent tug to maximize their potential only after he/she has satisfied their basic needs.

Self actualization can take many forms, depending on the individual. These variations may include the quest for knowledge, understanding, peace, self-fulfillment, meaning in life or beauty.

2.4 Personality Disorder

Personality disorders are a heterogeneous group of disorder defined by problems with forming a stably positive sense of self and with sustaining close and constructive relationship (Kring & Johnson et al., 2012: 466). Meanwhile, Durand and Barlow (2013) characterized it by “inflexible and maladaptive and cause

significance functional impairment or subjective distress.” Therefore, we can say

18 disorders, they do not come and go but originate in childhood and continue throughout adulthood.

However, person with personality disorder may not feel any subjective distress, but indeed it may be others who actually feel distress because the action of the person with the disorder.

Durand and Barlow (2013: 415) divide the personality into three groups. The groups are based on their resemblances. Group A is called the odd or eccentric, group B is the dramatic, emotional or erratic group and group C is anxious or fearful.

Groups of personality disorder and their description can be seen below: Group A: Odd or Eccentric Disorder

 Paranoid: the strong tendency to mistrust the motives of others, leading to a

high degree of suspiciousness.

 Schizoid: characterized by social detachment and a lack of emotional

expression not to due to social anxiety.

 Schizotypal: social and interpersonal difficulties that are due to social

anxiety but also involves distorted views of the world and unusual behavior. Group B: Dramatic, Emotional or Erratic Disorder

 Antisocial: characterized by behavior that show limited regard for other

people.

 Borderline: characterized by a high level of unstable relationships and

emotional outbursts, poor self-image, and a difficulty controlling impulses.  Histrionic: the tendency to display flamboyant emotions with the goal of

19  Narcissistic: pervasive belief that the individual is better than everyone else,

which leads to attention-seeking and a lack of concern for others. Group C: Anxious or Fearful Disorder

 Avoidant: characterized by strong feelings of being inadequate, which can

result in inhibition in social situations and sensitivity to any negative feedback.

 Dependent: a strong need to be cared for by others, including patterns of

submissiveness and fear of separation.

 Obsessive-compulsive: characterized by a desire for being perfect both

mentally and interpersonally, a need for orderliness, and reduced flexibility and openness.

For Barlow and Durand’s theory in analyzing the two characters, the writer focuses

on dependent and borderline. But, the writer also makes brief explanation about other personality disorder.

Paranoid

20 them. Unfortunately, such mistrust often extends to people close to them and makes meaningful relationships difficult.

Schizoid

Person with this personality disorder show a pattern of detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotions in interpersonal situations. He/she seem aloof, cold, and indifferent to other people. The term schizoid is relatively old, having been used to describe people who have a tendency to turn inward and away from the outside world. This person were said to lack emotional expressiveness and pursued vague interests. Person with schizoid personality disorder seem neither to desire nor to enjoy closeness with others, including romantic or sexual relationships. Childhood shyness become the cause to later adult schizoid personality disorder. It may be that this personality trait is inherited and serves as an important determinant in the development of this disorder. Abuse and neglect in childhood are also suspected become the cause among individuals with this disorder.

Schizotypal

21 Person with schizotypal personality disorder also have odd beliefs or engage in “magical thinking,” believing, for example, that they are clairvoyant or telepathic.

Antisocial

Person with antisocial personality disorder is among the most puzzling of the individuals and are characterized as having a history of failing to comply with social norms. He/she performs actions most of us would find unacceptable, such as stealing from friends and family. He/she also tends to be irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful. Completely lacking in conscience and empathy, he/she selfishly takes what he want and do as he/she please, violating social norms and expectations without the slightest sense of guilt or regret. Person with antisocial personality disorder tends to have long histories of violating the rights of others (De Brito & Hoggins in Durand, 2013: 425). He/she appears unable to tell the difference between the truth and the lies they make up to further their own goals. He/she shows no remorse or concern over the sometimes devastating effects of their actions.

Borderline

22 Person with this personality disorder is often intense, going from anger to deep depression in a short time. Dysfunction in the area of emotion caused by instability in relationship and mood is sometimes considered one of the core features of borderline personality disorder. This person also is characterized by impulsivity, which can be seen in his drug abuse and self-mutilation. Although not so obvious as to why, the self-injurious behaviors such as cutting sometimes are described as tension reducing by person who engage in these behaviors.

A person with this disorder will also often exhibit impulsive behaviors and

have a majority of the following traits (retrieved from http://psychcentral.com):

1. Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment. The perception of impending separation or rejection, or the loss of external structure, can lead

to profound changes in self-image, affect, cognition, and behavior. These

individuals are very sensitive to environmental circumstances. They

experience intense abandonment fears and inappropriate anger even when

faced with a realistic time-limited separation or when there are unavoidable

changes in plans. Their frantic efforts to avoid abandonment may include

impulsive actions such as self-mutilating or suicidal behaviors.

2. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. They may idealize potential caregivers or lovers at the first or second meeting, demand

to spend a lot of time together, and share the most intimate details early in a

relationship. However, they may switch quickly from idealizing other people

to devaluing them, feeling that other person does not care enough, does not

23 dramatic shifts in their view of others, who may alternately be seen as

beneficent supports or as cruelly punitive.

3. Identity disturbance, such as a significant and persistent unstable self-image or sense of self. There are sudden and dramatic shifts in self-image, characterized by shifting goals, values, and vocational aspirations. There may

be sudden changes in opinions and plans about career, sexual identity, values,

and types of friends. These individuals may suddenly change from the role of

a needy supplicant for help to a righteous avenger of past mistreatment.

Although they usually have a self-image that is based on being bad or evil,

individuals with this disorder may at times have feelings that they do not

exist at all.

4. Impulsivity in at least two areas that are potentially self-damaging (e.g., spending, sex, substance abuse, reckless driving, binge eating).

5. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior.

6. Emotional instability due to significant reactivity of mood (e.g., intense episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days).

7. Chronic feelings of emptiness. Easily bored, they may constantly seek something to do. People with Borderline Personality Disorder frequently

express inappropriate, intense anger or have difficulty controlling their anger.

They may display extreme sarcasm, enduring bitterness, or verbal outbursts.

The anger is often elicited when a caregiver or lover is seen as neglectful,

24

8. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger (e.g., frequent displays of temper, constant anger, recurrent physical fights).

9. Transient, stress-related paranoid thoughts or severe dissociative symptoms.

Majority of people who receive the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder have suffered terrible abuse, neglection from the one they love, sexual abuse, and physical abuse by others, or a combination of these (Ball in Durand, 2013: 435) and the core features of borderline personality disorder are impulsivity and instability in relationships and mood (Kring & Johnson et al., 2012).

Histrionic

Person with histrionic personality disorder tends to be overly dramatic and often seem almost to be acting, which is why the term histrionic, which means theatrical in manner, is used. Person with histrionic personality disorder is inclined to express their emotions in an exaggerated fashion, for example, hugging someone they have just met or crying uncontrollably during a sad movie. He/she also tend to be vain, self-centered, and uncomfortable when they are not in the limelight. He/she is often seductive in appearance and behavior, and that person is typically concerned about his/her looks.

Narcissistic

25 disorder has an unreasonable sense of self-importance and are so preoccupied with themselves that they lack sensitivity and compassion for other people. His/her exaggerated feelings and his/her fantasies of greatness, called grandiosity, create a number of negative attributes (Duran & Barlow, 2013: 439). He/she requires and expects a great deal of special attention, like the best table in the restaurant or the illegal parking space in front of the movie theater. He/she also tends to use or exploit others for their own interests and show little empathy.

Avoidant

As the name suggests, person with avoidant personality disorder is extremely sensitive to the opinions of others and therefore avoids most relationships. He/she is so fearful of criticism, rejection, and disapproval that he/she will avoid jobs or relationships to protect themselves from negative feedback. In social situations, this person is restrained because of an extreme fear of saying something foolish, being embarrassed, blushing, or showing other signs of anxiety. This person believes he are incompetent and inferior to others and are reluctant to take risks or try new activities.

26 Dependent

Person with dependent personality disorder, however, relies on others to make ordinary decisions and important ones, which results in an unreasonable fear of abandonment. Person with dependent personality disorder sometimes agree with other people when their own opinion differs so as not to be rejected. His/her desire to obtain and maintain supportive and nurturant relationships may lead to his other behavioral characteristics, including submissiveness, timidity, and passivity. Person with this disorder are similar to those with avoidant personality disorder in his feelings of inadequacy, sensitivity to criticism, and need for reassurance. However, person with avoidant personality disorder respond to these feelings by avoiding relationships, whereas those with dependent personality disorder respond by clinging to relationships

Many people with dependent personality feel distressed, lonely and sad. It is thought that such disruptions as the early death of a parent or neglect or rejection by caregivers may cause people to grow up fearing abandonment. Because they so fear rejection, they are overly sensitive to disapproval and keep trying to meet other people’s wishes and expectations, even if it means volunteering for unpleasant or

demeaning tasks. This view comes from work in child development on “attachment,” or how children learn to bond with their parents and other people who

are important in their lives.

27 1. Avoidance, the practice of withdrawing from relationship with other people

as defensive measure to reduce the risk of rejection, criticism or exposure. 2. Blaming, the practice identifying person or people responsible for creating

problem rather than identifying ways of dealing the problem.

3. Catastrophizing, the habit of automatically assuming a “worst case scenario” and inappropriately characterizing minor or moderate problem as catastrophe events.

4. Domestic theft, consuming of taking control of a resource or asset belonging to a family member, partner or spouse without first obtain their approval. 5. Emotional blackmail, a system of threats and punishments used in an attempt

to control someone.

6. Engulfment, an unhealthy and overwhelming level of attention and dependency on another person which comes from imagining or believing someone exists only within the context of relationship.

7. Fear of abandonment, an irrational belief that one is imminent danger of being personally rejected, discarded or replaced.

8. Emptiness, a chronic sense that daily life has little significance, leading to an impulsive appetite for physical sensation and dramatic relationship experience.

9. Harassment, any sustained or chronic pattern of unwelcome behavior towards another.

28 11.Mirroring, imitating another person’s characteristic, behavior or traits.

12.Panic attacks, short intense episode of fear or anxiety, often accompanied by hyperventilating, shaking, sweating and chills.

13.Perfectionism, the maladaptive practice of holding oneself or others to an unrealistic, unattainable or unsustainable standard of organization order, or accomplishment.

14.Projection, the act of attributing one’s own feelings or traits to another person and believing that the other person has those same feeling or traits.

15.Self – victimization, casting oneself in the role of victim.

16.Testing, forcing another individual to prove their love to a relationship. 17.FOG (fear, obligation and guilt), describes the feeling that a person has when

in a relationship with someone who suffer the disorder. 18.Low self esteem, low evaluation of self worth.

Sometimes, a person with dependent disorder expresses their fear of separation through outburst of anger directed at those who fail to appreciate their needs for security and safety (Millon, 2004). His/her fear of separation also leaves them particularly prone to suicidal thought. Unfortunately, person with dependent personality disorder are usually attracted to unpleasant tasks if his/her actions result in care and nurturing from others.

Obsessive - Compulsive

30 CHAPTER III

METHOD OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Design

In this study, analyzing the psychological disorder of the main character of the animation, descriptive – qualitative method was used. This method is a scientific procedure to get conclusion from a particular thing to general idea based on the theory. Descriptive is used, when the data, which are used, are in form of written text or spoken text, such as words, phrase, clauses and sentences. According to Djajasudarma (2006: 11), “Metodologi kualitatif merupakan prosedur yang menghasilkan data deskriptif berupa data tertulis atau lisan di masyarakat bahasa” (Qualitative method is a procedure resulting descriptive data in form of written text or spoken in language society). She also says, “Data yang dikumpulkan bukanlah angka – angka, dapat berupa kata – kata atau gambaran sesuatu.”(Djajasudarma, 2006: 16). (The collected data are not in the form of number, but words or description of something). Qualitative method also emphasizes the analysis on the deductive and inductive conclusion process toward the relation of observed phenomenon, using scientific logic. This method concerns on the effort of answering questions through formal way of thinking and argumentative way (Azwar, 2004).

31 3.2 Data Collection

The source of data for this thesis is Black Rock Shooter animation series which consist of eight episodes that aired in 2012. The selected episodes are episode one until episode five where Kagari Izuriha and Yomi Takanashi take part. This animation was produced by Ordet and directed by Shinobu Yoshioka and Hiroyuki Imaishi also written by Mari Okada. The data are the dialogue between characters.

3.3 Data Analysis

32 made by analyzing the data using personality disorder theories by Barlow and Durand and hierarchy of needs theories by Abraham Maslow.

33 CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDING

4.1 Analysis

In order to identifying and analyzing the data that had been collected, the writer used the personality disorder theory by Durand and Barlow which is connected with hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham Maslow. As it had been mention before that there is a connection between someone’s needs and the

occurrence of a disorder. It would occur as the absence of the needs.

4.1.1 Kagari’s Personality Disorder

The plot of Black Rock Shooter is started with a girl named Mato Kuroi, who befriends with another girl, Yomi Takanashi, when she enters the junior high school school. Yomi Takanashi also has a childhood friend named Kagari Izuriha. She is the person with dependant personality disorder caused by the car accident she got when she was child. She really hates Mato Kuroi because she tries to befriend with Yomi. She does many unpleasant actions in order to prevent Mako and Yomi become friend. Kagari doesn’t want Yomi befriend with other people because she

34 In psychology, person with dependent personality feel distressed, lonely and sad. It is thought that such disruptions as the early death of a parent or neglect or rejection by caregivers. The Neglection or rejection by caregivers or the one that loved in childhood time as the form of unfulfilled safety need may lead them become dependent and grow up fearing abandonment. Their desire to obtain and maintain supportive and nurturant relationships may lead them to timidity and passivity (Durand & Barlow , 2013: 441). It is admitted by Kagari.

Yomi : “Kagari!” Kagari : “What?”

Yomi : “Let’s leave this place!” Kagari : “Haaa??”

Yomi : “Don’t lock yourself at home! Go to school! Let’s stop with the wheelchair!”

Kagari : “Don’t…don’t be ridiculous! You creepy four eyes!

Yomi : “I won’t let you be lonely! I won’t run away to another town. If you go out and we become friends with Mato, I’ll never let you be

lonely. I’ll be with you. I won’t run away. So let’s leave this place

together.”

Kagari : “I…I can’t do that.”

Yomi : “You have to. You have to leave. Otherwise, we’ll never change!” Kagari : “No…No! I won’t go outside! Because going outside…”

“Going outside is scary!”

35 Maslow (1970) says that if people are starting to feel unsafe, the whole world suddenly changes from brightness to darkness and become a place in which anything might be happen, in the other words, stable things suddenly become unstable. They will develop fear, nightmares and a need of protection.

Kagari become unstable after the accident.

Mother : “Kagari has loved her since they were little.”

“We had to live abroad for a few years because of my husband’s

job.”

(flashback when Kagari was hit by a car) Mato : “So that’s what happened to her.”

Mother : “They couldn’t find anything wrong with her legs, no matter how many

times they examined her.” “It wasn’t her leg, but her heart.”

(episode 2 at 12.34 – 12.17)

Person with personality disorder, especially dependent may not feel any subjective distress, but indeed it may be others who actually feel distress because the action of the person with the disorder (Durand & Barlow, 2013:413).

Yomi feels distress caused by Kagari’s attitude.

Yomi : “I wanted to go.” Kagari : “What?”

36 “I can’t go, so you can’t go either.”

Yomi : “I can’t take this.”

(episode 2 at 06.10 – 06.27)

These are several traits of dependent disorder that portrayed by Kagari. They are:

1. Avoidance, the practice of withdrawing from relationship with other people as defensive measure to reduce the risk of rejection, criticism or exposure.

Kagari is scared to go outside. Kagari : “I…I can’t do that.”

Yomi : “You have to. You have to leave. Otherwise, we’ll never change!” Kagari : “No…No! I won’t go outside! Because going outside…”

“Going outside is scary!”

(episode 2 at 18.28 – 19.45)

2. Catastrophizing, the habit of automatically assuming a “worst case scenario” and inappropriately characterizing minor or moderate problem as catastrophe events.

Kagari jumps from the second floor just because Yomi wants to meet Mato.

Kagari : “Where are you going?” Yomi : “K-kagari, why are you…”

Kagari : “You know, Kagari was here all day. I waited all day for you to come

37 Yomi : “Kagari?”

Kagari : “I’ll fall.” Yomi : “Kagari!”

Kagari : “They’ll never forgive you if I fall from here.” Yomi : “Kagari, stop!”

Kagari : “They’ll never forgive you if I die, and you’ll die too.” Yomi : “No! Stop!”

(episode 2 at 11.30)

3. Harassment, any sustained or chronic pattern of unwelcome behavior towards another.

Kagari harasses Mato to drive her out. Kagari : “Here, have some macaroons.” Mato : “Ah, thanks.”

Kagari : “Try the brown one.” Mato : “I’ll try it.”

“It’s good”

Kagari : “Now the mulberry one.” Mato : “Thanks.”

Kagari : “Now the messy blue.”

“The pink is Yomi’s. The red is mine.”

“The dirty color is yours.”

38 4. Emotional blackmail, a system of threats and punishments used in an attempt

to control someone.

Kagari controls Yomi because the accident Kagari got when she was child caused by the neglection of Yomi’s family.

5. Lack of object constancy, an inability to trust that people or objects are consistent, trustworthy and reliable, especially when they are out of immediate field of vision.

Kagari doesn’t believe any activities that Yomi does when she is not around. Yomi has to give a report to Kagari.

Kagari : “Report.” unrealistic, unattainable or unsustainable standard of organization order, or accomplishment.

Kagari forbids Yomi to go out, even to go to the summer festival. Yomi : “I wanted to go.”

Kagari : “What?”

39 “I can’t go, so you can’t go either.”

Yomi : “I can’t take this.”

(episode 2 at 06.10 – 06.27)

7. Testing, forcing another individual to prove their love to a relationship. Kagari makes scar on Yomi’s chest using a sewing needle.

Kagari : “Don’t cry, Yomi. It’s alright. So…undress.” Yomi : “What?”

Kagari : “You’re suffering. I’ll carve that suffering out of you.”

At 08.22 the scar is accidentally seen by Mato when they are changing clothes.

Mato : “H-hey…Takanashi, what’s that scar?” Yomi : “Don’t look!”

Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that the accident which Kagari got when she was child is the form of the unfulfilled needs of safety. It makes Kagari suffers dependent disorder.

4.1.2 Yomi’s Personality Disorder

Kagari recovers from her disorder. She starts to attend the school along with Yomi and Mato. But, the relationship doesn’t run smoothly like Yomi’s expectation

40 be taken care by Yomi starts to act independently by joining the cooking club and makes new friends. These problems become the obstacle in Yomi’s relationship with

Kagari and Mato. These problems also make Yomi suffers borderline personality disorder.

Person with borderline personality disorder lead restless lives. His/her moods and relationships are unstable and usually have a poor self-image (Durand & Barlow, 2013:432). This person often feel empty.

Yomi starts to lose focus and walk aimlessly in the corridor Teacher : “What’s wrong?”

Yomi : “N –nothing.”

(episode 3 at 11.23 – 11.55)

Yomi starts to feel hungry of affection because she thinks that Mato prefers Yuu than her. The obstacles in Yomi’s relationship occur due to the absence of love and belonging need. Maslow (1970) says that in the absence of love elements, many people become susceptible to loneliness, rejection, friendlessness, social anxiety, and clinical depression and this is become the beginning of the borderline occurrence. Yomi is starting feel lonely

41 Not only that. Beside Yomi’s needs of love, her need for esteem was also being threatened. If the need of belonging cant’t be fulfilled; automatically the need

esteem is can’t be fulfilled, too. Based on the Maslow’s pyramid, if someone couldn’t fulfill a need, it is impossible to fulfill the next need in the upper side (in

this case esteem is after love and belonging). People need to engage themselves to gain recognition and have an activity or activities that give the person a sense of contribution, to feel accepted and self-valued, be it in a profession or hobby.

Yomi feels that she no longer needed anymore. Yomi : “The cooking club?”

Kagari : “Yeah. We make sweets.” Yomi : “But alone?”

Friend A : “She’s not alone! Right, Kagari?”

Friend B : “Let’s go take a look. The seniors want to have a word with you.”

(episode 4 at 04.52 – 05.03)

Yomi : “How should I put this…I’m a bit discouraged.”

“We’ve been together since we were little. I didn’t think she could

do anything without me around. I promised I wouldn’t let her be alone. That I wouldn’t run away from her.”

Saya : “You should relax a bit.” Yomi : “Ms. Saya…”

42 Saya : “Nobody would have a hard time just because you’re not around.”

“No one needs you that much.”

Yomi : “No one needs me?”

Saya : “Sorry, sorry, don’t mind me!” (episode 4 at 05.07 – 05. 23)

Before Kagari recovered, Yomi is the one who always play with her, nurture her, and Yomi did everything when Kagari asked her. But after Kagari recovered, she could do one or two things by her own and she started to act independently without depend on Yomi anymore. Imbalances at this level can result in low self-esteem or an inferiority complex, depression, weakness and helplessness. People with low self-esteem need respect from others. They may seek fame or glory, which again depends on others (Maslow, 1970).

These are some traits of the borderline personality disorder portrayed by Yomi, they are:

1. Inappropriate, intense anger or difficulty controlling anger.

Yomi can’t control her anger when she and Kagari are playing monopoly.

Kagari : “You got Baltic Avenue! Sell it to me!” Yomi : “No.”

Kagari : “Come on, sell it, sell it, sell it! Yomi : “I said no, damn it!”

“It’s only at times like this…”

“Now that you have friends, I could die for…”

43 Yomi : “Sorry, I’m just tired.”

“You can have BalticAvenue.”

(episode 4 at 07.02 – 07.26)

2. Recurrent suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self-mutilating behavior. Yomi cut her hair when in the middle of handicraft class.

Teacher : ”Hey, keep it down, please!

“Cut up the materials, and arrange them as you want!”

Mato : “Yomi! Stop it! Stop it!” “Yomi! Stop it!”

Teacher : “Takanashi! What are you doing? Stop it! Give me the scissor!”

(episode 5 at 05.36 – 06.15)

3. Identity disturbance, such as a significant and persistent unstable self-image or sense of self. There are sudden and dramatic shifts in self-image, characterized by shifting goals, values, and vocational aspirations.

Mato and Yuu realizes the significance change of Yomi’s attitude.

Yomi : “You’re wearing it.” Mato : “Huh?”

Yomi : “The bracelet.” Mato : “Oh, yeah.”

Yomi : “I made one for you too, Yuu.” Yuu : “For me?”

44 Yuu : “Thanks.”

Mato : “Yomi looked cheerful, but…” Yuu : “I think I get it.”

(episode 5 at 04.53 – 05.30)

4. A pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships characterized by alternating between extremes of idealization and devaluation. They may idealize potential caregivers or lovers at the first or second meeting, however

they may switch quickly from idealizing to devaluing them.

The sudden change of Yomi’s attitude by devaluing Mato for the first time. Mato : “Here!”

Yomi : “Is that mine?”

Mato : “Eat it! The samples were really good.” Yomi : “Thanks.”

“Was the training trip fun?”

Mato : “Yeah. But, someone was snoring so loudly, you wouldn’t believe it.

The rhythm was so weird that it took me awhile to fall asleep.”

“What’s wrong?”

Yomi : “Nope.” Mato : “Really?” Yomi : “Really.”

Mato : “All right, then!”

45 Yomi : “But, I’m not your best friend.”

Mato : “Huh?”

Yomi : “Never mind. Thanks for the sweets.” (episode 3 at 13.08 – 14.03)

Dysfunction in the area of emotion caused by instability in relationship and mood is sometimes considered one of the core features of borderline personality disorder (Durand & Barlow, 2013: 433).

Based on the analysis above, it can be concluded that Yomi has one personality disorder caused by turbulent relationship with Mato and Kagari due to her unfulfilled needs of love and esteem; it is borderline personality disorder.

4.2 Finding

4.2.1 Kagari Izuriha

The character named Kagari Izuriha sudffers dependant disorder. It is caused by the accident that she got when she was child and as the form of safety need absence. Because of that, she is scared to go out and feel safer stays indoor and taken care by Yomi. Yomi who felt guilty, looked after her since then. In this animation series, Kagari portrays her disorder like drove away Mato with unpleasant way when she came to Yomi’s house, made a scar to Yomi’s chest using needle, and jumping

46 4.2.2 Yomi Takanashi

The character named Yomi Takanashi suffers borderline personality disorder, especially discouraged borderline. It is caused by the unstable relationship between Yomi toward Kagari and Mato as the absence of love and esteem needs. She thinks that Kagari and Mato don’t need her anymore. It makes her became temperamental

and easy to angry. Yomi portrays the person who suffers borderline disorder like cut her hair and mixed her hair with thread to make a knitted bracelet for Yuu, and again, cut her own hair as if there was nothing happened by using scissor when in the middle of class.

So, in the other words, the two characters of Black Rock Shooter get their disorder alternately. First, Kagari gets dependent personality disorder that makes her clinged and nurtured by Yomi , and after Kagari recovers, it is Yomi’s turn to get the

borderline because the one who depend on her already became independent. It makes Yomi thinks that she isn’t needed anymore because Kagari is taken care by Yomi all

47 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the problem using personality disorder theory by Durand and Barlow that relates to hierarchy of needs theory by Abraham Maslow, it can be concluded that personality disorders is a form distress caused by the problems or difficulties of a person (character) with their identity and their relationship in multiple domain of life. It is related to the needs of a person (physiological, safety, love esteem) as a biological being and become a factor which can determine her/his personality depends on whether that person can fulfill it or not. The unfulfilled needs can drive someone become unstable, especially adolescence, from about age eleven to the late teens when children develop adult physical characteristics, and it is possible that a disorder will occur as a form of distress and unfulfilled needs.

Kagari Izuriha suffers dependent personality disorder, caused by the accident that she got when she was child because of the neglection from Yomi. It was hinted in the first time when Mato Kuroi tried to befriend with Yomi Takanashi. Kagari portrays her dependent disorder based on the dependent personality disorder traits, those are:

 Kagari is scared to go outside.