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AN ANALYSIS OF INTRINSIC ELEMENTS AS PORTRAYED

IN LOUISA MAY ALCOTT’S NOVEL

LITTLE WOMAN

A PAPER

BY

JANNATUL MAQWAH LUBIS

REG. NO. 122202007

DIPLOMA – III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA

MEDAN

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AUTHOR’S DECLARATION

JANNATUL MAQWAH LUBIS declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains no material published elsewhere or extracted in whole in part from a paper from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without used without due acknowledgement in the main text of the paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

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COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : JANNATUL MAQWAH LUBIS

Title of paper : An Analysis of Intrinsic Elements as Portrayed in

Louisa May Alcott’s Novel Little Woman Qualification : D-III / Ahli Madya

Study Program : English

I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Department Faculty of Culture Studies USU on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

Signed :

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

First of all, I would like to thank and praise to the Almighty, Allah SWT for blessing and giving me health, strength, and ease to accomplish this paper. This paper is accomplished in order to fulfill one of the requirements to get Diploma III certificate from English Study Program in Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

I realize that, without helps and guidance from many people, since I have been studying in this program until this time I accomplish this paper, it is so hard for me to accomplish this paper. Because of that, I would like to express my deep gratitude, love, and appreciation to:

Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A. as the dean of Faculty of Culture Study, University of Sumatera Utara.

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. as the Head of English Diploma Study Program.

Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum. as my supervisor. Thank you for the time giving advice, suggestions, guidance, and help to write this paper.

Thank you very much Drs. Siamir Marulafau, M. Hum. as my reader for your time and advice.

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My beloved parents, Burhan Lubis and Mina Hasibuan and also my handsome brother, Udin lubis, Hendra Lubis,Mazid Japran Lubis and my sisters, Yanti Lubis, Nurainun Lubis and Suhaima Lubis who have given me the motivation, advice, pray, love and support. I present this paper for you all. I also say thank you so much to my grandfather Drs. Syahnan Hasibuan and my grandmother Almh. Ani for affection and finance during I study.

My best friends Bella Gayatri, Nurhalimatussadiah Frirawiati Adrianti, Nindya Kartika and Usman Halomoan Ritonga and my brother girl friend Iin iriyani who have helped me a lot in accomplishing this paper. And all my friends in English Diploma III class A and B. Thank you very much for your support.

Thank you for everybody who has helped the writer and that all of you will be remembered forever.

And finally, I hope the Almighty God is pleased to repay all the kindness from all people who helped me. Hopefully this paper can be useful to develop our knowledge.

Medan, 2015

The writer,

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... iii

3. THE ANALYSIS OF LOUISE MAY ALCOTT’S NOVEL LITTLE WOMAN ... 16

3.1 The Theme ... 16

3.2 Plot ... 18

3.3 The Analaysis of The Main Character ... 20

3.4 Supporting Character ... 22

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ABSTRACT

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ABSTRAK

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1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the study

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In this paper, the writer in interested to analyze the Intrinsic Elements of the novel such as Theme, Plot, Character, Setting and point of view . Little Woman tells about murch family that have four children but they have different character. Jo, Meg, Beth, and Amy March are four sisters living with their mother in New England. Their father is away serving as a chaplain in the Civil War, and the sisters struggle to support themselves and keep their household running despite the fact that the family recently lost its fortune. In the process, they become close friends with their wealthy neighbor, Theodore Laurence, known as "Laurie."

As the girls grow older, each faces her own personal demons and moral challenges. Jo, our beloved protagonist, must tame her tomboyish ways and learn to be more ladylike while pursuing her ambition to be a great writer. Meg, the oldest, must put aside her love of wealth and finery in order to follow her heart. Beth, the shy one, must conquer her bashfulness, while Amy, the youngest, has to sacrifice her aristocratic pride. The girls are guided in their personal growth by their mother, "Marmee," and by their religious faith.

1.2 Problem of the study

1. What are intrinsic elements found in the novel?

1.3 Scope of the study

In analyzing this novel the writer would like give limitation.

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1.4 The Purpose of The Study

The purpose of this study is to find out the theme and the plot of the novel, to describe the setting of the novel, and the last is to explain the character and the point of view of the novel.

1.5 Method of the study

There are two method for getting the data of this paper They are qualitative and quantitative but on this circumstances, she applies qualitative because all the data are taken from the novel.

1.6 Review of Related Literature

Novel Intrinsic Elements are the elements that build up in the literary works of literature itself. The purpose of the elements that is included in the literary work itself. In general, the intrinsic elements of literary works including novels such as theme, plot, character and setting.

Abrahams (1981:119) says that novel which means a work of prose fiction which moderately long, not too long, but also too short

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Characterization is one of main element in a story which tells the story of human life with all the miscellaneous life. With that understanding there would have been required as a manifestation of the human figure and his life to be told. The characters in this story will do its job to be a source story. Figure is a living thing ( humans ) who have physical and temperament. Characterizations often called disposition, which is depiction of the characters. This depiction includes a state of physical and spiritual leaders. The situation is a form of birth figures and who the characters, characters attitudes, beliefs, costumes.atc.

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2. REVIEW AND RELATED OF LITERATURE

2.1 The definition of novel

The word “novel” comes from the Italian, Novella, which means the new staff that small. The novel was originally developed in the region from other forms or narrative nonfiction, such as letters, biographies, and history. But with a shift in society and development time, the novel is not only based on data nonfiction, author of novel can change according to the desired imagination. Rees (1973:106) says that novel is a fictitious prose narrative of considerable length in which characters and action representative of real live are portrayed in a plot of more or less complexity.

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Novel is one of many possible prose narrative forms. Richard Gill in his book (1985:78) states that; in the writing, there is a recognition that a novel is something especially made by an author so that a reader will respond to it in a particular way. The good candidate has recognize three things about a novel: the events of the novel, the author who has created them, and the reader for whom the novel is written. In any good writing about a novel, these three things should be mentioned. They are, however not separable. For instance, the events of a novel are only there because the author has put them there, and they are only recognized as events when read by a reader.

The author, of course is the most important element; the events of the novel and the reactions of the reader depend upon what he or she chooses to do. Because without an author there could be no book at all, but there is also a much more important reason: a novel is a world especially made in words by an author. Novel is narrative text informing of prose with a long shape that including some figures and fiction event. The intrinsic elements of novel are plot, setting, characterization, point of view, and theme.

Intrinsic elements (intrinsic) are the elements that build the literary work itself. Elements are what because the literary presents as a work of Martial Arts. Intrinsic elements of a novel element (directly) participate and build the story.

2.2 The Theme

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to talk of the ‘ideas’ of the book. According to Wikipedia, theme is a broad idea, message or moral of a story. The message may be about life, society or human nature. Themes often explore timeless and universal ideas and are almost implied rather than stated explicitly.

Robert Stanton (1965:14) says, Tema merupakan aspek cerita yang sejajar dengan makna dalam pengalaman manusia, sesuatu yang menjadikan suatu pengalaman begitu diingat. Ada banyak cerita yang menggambarkan dan menelaah kejadian atau emosi yang di alami manusia seperti cinta, derita, rasa takut, kedewasaan, keyakinan, pengkhianatan manusia terhadap diri sendiri, disilusi atau bahkan usia tua.

It means the theme is a story is that parallel with the meaning of human experience, and make an experience when remembered. There are some story that described events and emotions that experienced by human such as love, suffering, maturity, confidence, human betrayal of self or even old age.

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which contains the central idea of all literary forms such as a novel, drama and short story. It reflects innocence, experience, live, death, reality, fate, madness, sanity, love, society, individual, etc.

Theme is also a general basic idea that supports a literature, and it implies in the text as semantic structure and connects with similarities and differences. Themes become basic development of the whole story, so it must represent the whole part of novel.

2.3 The Plot

Stanton (1965:14), suggested the plot is a story that contains the sequence of events, but each incident is only connected in cause and effect, an event which caused or led to the occurance of events. Kenny (1966:14), promoted to the plot as the events shown in the story is not simple, because the author set the events based on the relation of cause and effect.

Perrine (1974:41) says that plot is the sequence of incident or events which the story is composed by and it may conclude what character says or thinks, as well as what he does, but it leaves out description and analysis and concentrate ordinarily on major happening.

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exposition that contains instability and conflicts. The middle part contains the climax which is the height of the conflict. The final section contains troubleshooting.

Plot is the serial arrangement of incidents, ideas or events. In literature, the plot encompasses all the incidents and provides aesthetic pleasure. The story of the novel progresses through various plots and conflicts.

Plot may be defined as a story’s sequence of incidents, arranged in dramatic order. One is tempted to insert the word “chronological.” But doing so would exclude many stories that depart from this strict ordering of events.

Hartoko (1985:48) says that there are two types of plot. They are: a) Flashback plot (mixed plot)

This technique is used by the author to display events in the past. b) Flash-forward plot (progressive plot)

This technique is easier to understand by the reader because the author tells the story chronologically.

2.4 The Characterization

Abram (1981:76) says that character is people who are appeared in a narrative prose or novel and it is interpreted by the readers as a person who has moral quality and certain tendency such as being expressed in what they say and what they do.

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the life model which attitudes and experienced by the characters of story according to how the author in looking life itself. Because the author is

deliberately created the world in fiction, he has the complete freedom to display the characters according to his taste, whoever the person, whatever his social status, however his attitude and whatever the problems faced.

In fiction, a character may be defined as a verbal representation of a human being. Through action, speech, description, and commentary, authors portray character that are worth caring about, rooting for, and even loving, although there are also characters you may laugh at, dislike, or even hate.

Characters may be flat, minor characters; or round and major. The main characters in a story is generally known as protagonist, the character who opposes him is antagonist. Character is revealed by how a character responds to conflict. Character is the people in a novel are referred as characters. We asses them on the basic of what the author tells us about them and on the basic of what they do and say. Another point to remember is that the characters are part of broader pattern. They are members of a society, and the author distinctive view of who people relate to society will be reflected in the presentation of every character.

a.Main and peripheral character

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Peripheral characters are the actors who have part in supporting the story. The presence of the peripheral characters in whole story is smaller.in other words, peripheral characters in the whole story are limited and they are usually only related to the main characters.

2.5 The Setting

Rene and Austin (1982:131) say that setting refers to geographical location of the story, time priod, daily lifestyle of the characters and climate of the story. Gill (1985:106) says that setting is a broad word. It covers the places in which characters are presented; the social context of characters, such as their families, friends and classes; the customs, beliefs and rules of behavior of their society; the scenes that are background or the situation for the events of the novel; and the total atmosphere, mood or feel that id created by these. All of them are examples of setting. When we study a novel, we should pay attention to setting, because it can make a contribution to the book. A successful setting is one which is appropriate to the section of the novel in which it appears and also, possibly, to the book as whole.

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associated with the factual, the time to do or be associated with the historical events. Social background suggested on matters relating to the conduct of social life of the community in a place that is told.

When the reader reads a novel, they actually are faced a world that had been completed by the character and the events in the novel. But of course, those things are less complete because the characters need living space, place and time, like human’s living in the real world.

In other hand, novel not only needs characters, story and plot, but also setting. Setting usually directs to the definition of place, connection of time and social environment where the event happens. Setting gives the basic of story correctly and clear. The setting is important to give realistic impression to the readers, created a certain situation at a glanced is really happened. So, the readers feel easier to create their imagination and participation to criticize the story.

2.5.1 Setting of Place

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2.5.2 Setting of Time

Setting of time is related to the problem of when the event happens in a story. The problem of when is usually connected with factual time, that has connection with historical events. The readers try to understand and enjoy the story based on period.

2.5.3 Setting of Society

Social setting directs to the problem which are related to the behavior of social life in certain place and certain time in a novel. Social setting has connection with the system of social life that contains many problems in complex scope, it can be habits, costumes, religion, ideology, and the way of thinking.

2.6 The Point of View

The point of view can be interpreted as how a story is told. Abrams state that point of view is the way of the author used s a means of displaying the characters, actions, background, and various events that make up the story in a fictional text to the readers. So, the point of view is the way, strategy, or tactic that is deliberately chosen by the writer to express stories and ideas. Selection of point of view in fiction, in many cases will affect the freedom, sharpness, and objectivity in telling stories, and it will also influence the level of plausibility of the story.

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importance of perspective in works of fiction no longer challenged. Viewpoint is considered as one of the important elements of fiction and decisive. The deviation angle of view is not just a matter of first of third person, but rather a selection of characters who “he” or “I”, anyone who tell it, kids, adults, the villagers who do not know anything, modern man, politicians, students, or other.

The point of view or narrative perspective, characterization the way in which a text present a person, event, and setting. The point of view discusses about who is telling story, or from which position the events are perceived. In general, point of view is differentiated into three kinds : first person point of view, third person point of view, and mixed point of view.

Almost all narrative points of view can be classified as either first person or third person. In first person narration, the narrator is a participant in the action. He or she may be either a major character or a minor character and may be close to the event in time or distant from it.

Points of view is the author’s vision, that is, the angle from which the events are seen narrated, from the outside, from inside, from above or below. While the style as the sound of the author’s voice (that is, as the mode of utterance rather than the tone). And the spesific relationship between voice and vision is this: whatever the particular voice may be tenor or bass, light or dark, gentle or tough the vision should suit the voice.

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2.6.1 The omniscient point of view

In which the author himself tells the story in the third person. The narrator knows everything about everyone in the story and can bring into plays as much of that knowledge as he chooses.

2.6.2 The first of point of view

The writer must whether the “I” is to be major or minor character, protagonist or observer, or someone merely repeating a narrative he has heard at second hand.

2.6.3 Observer’s point of view

In a modification of omniscient point of view, there is the narrative related from the vision of the single character used by the author as a central observer or central intelligence through whom anything cleared.

2.6.4 The objective point of view

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3. THE ANALYSIS OF LOUISE MAY ALCOTT’S

NOVEL LITTLE WOMAN

3.1 The Theme

Theme in particular for literary work is defined as the central idea of the

work. It is the conclusion of the whole story till the end. Theme can be divided into several sub-themes; yet, the central idea cannot be separated any more into any other small ideas. In short, theme represents all the events in the very beginning of the story till the end.

There are four types of love including Agape, This is an unconditional love that sees beyond the outer surface and accepts the recipient for whom he/she is, regardless of their flaws, shortcoming or faults. It’s the type of love that everyone strives to have for their fellow human beings. Philo is love of fellow a friend. It makes you desire friendship with someone.

Storge is a kind of family and friendship love or love between brother and sister. This is the love that parents naturally feel for their children; the love that member family have for each other.

Eros is a passionate and intense love that arouses romantic feelings; it is the kind that often triggers high feelings in a new relationship and makes you say “I love him / her ” It is simply an emotional and sexual love.

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readiness to face trouble or family matters. Above all, love is a valuable thing to share for the happiness or unhappiness experienced by members of the family. The novel is basically related to family members including these four March sisters: Meg (Margaret) is the oldest at 16 years, Jo (Josephine) is 15, Beth (Elizabeth) is around 13, Amy (Amelia) is 12 and their motherMrs. March . From

the name of the characters that all represents woman implies that the matter of the family is about love among women. How women express their standpoints about love is the key point or theme of the novel.

Love is fundamentally universal for all people in the world. There is no one living in the world recognizes no love in his or her heart. Love is naturally born from birth to death. One can share kindness is because of love; and one can hate the other because of wrong love. So, love is a kind of response towards something good in life. It is true love can make people feel disappointed and desperate. It is true as well that love can make someone realize who she or he is. Love, in short, may result something good or bad either.

Christmas won’t be Christmas without any present; grumbled Jo, lying on the rug.

It’s so dreadful to be poor! sighed Meg, looking down at her old dress. I don’t think it’s fair some girls to have plenty of pretty things, and other girls nothing at all, added little Amy, with an injured sniff. We’ve got Father and Mother and each other; said Beth, contentedly from her corner. The four young faces in which the firelight shone brightened at the cheerful words, but each silently added it, thinking of Father away, where the fighting was.

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3.2 Plot

3.2.1 Beginning

Meg and Jo are going out on Saturday, and Amy wants to know where they are going. She is bored and lonely because Beth is plying her piano. Amy guesses that they are going somewhere with Laurie. Meg and Jo say she is right, but tell her to stop bothering them. Amy realizes that they are going to the theater to see Seven Castle. She is upset when her sister tell her she has a cold, and so must wait to get next week with Beth and Hannah. Amy says that she has been indoors so long that she can’t take it anymore Her sister debate whether to take or not. Jo says that she will be too fidgety. Amy gets mad and starts putting on her boots. Jo tells her it is rude to want to go when she wasn’t invited, and that their seats are reserved, so Laurie will have to give up his place and get a seat somewhere else, and Meg tries to reason with her. The sister prepare to leave, and Amy yells down the stairs “ You’ll be sorry for this Jo Marc, see if you ain’t.” Jo slams the door and is gone.

3.2.2 Rising Action

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“Scold me as much as you like, you’ll never see your silly old book again; Cried Amy, Getting excited in her turn. ( Louise, 1994:88) Amy says that she burned the book. Jo turns pale. She says that Amy is a wicked girl and that she will never forgive her.

3.2.3 Climax

The next day, because her family is a little hateful to her for not forgiving Amy, Jo goes looking for Laurie. Jo sees Amy following them, but ignores her. Laurie tells Jo to keep to the shore because the ice in the middle isn’t safe. Jo thinks to herself that she doesn’t care if Amy heard that; She can take care of herself. Laurie skates away, and Jo skates after him, but something makes her turn around in time to see Amy fall through the ice. Laurie rushes by her, telling her to get her home quickly.

3.2.4 Falling

Jo fell horrible about this, feeling that it would have been all her fault if Amy died.” It’s my dreadful temper! I try to cure it; I think I have, and then it breaks out worse than ever. Oh Mother, what shall I do?’ cried for Jo, in despair.” (Louise 1994: 93).

3.2.5 Resolution

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3.3 The Analysis of The Main Characters

The central or main character in this novel are Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy March and their mother Mrs. MarchCalled Marmee.

Meg As the oldest of the girls, Meg is mature and mother-like from the beginning of the story. Their poverty state is difficult for her to endure because she is old enough to remember when they had all the money they needed and were able to enjoy some of the luxuries of the monied classes. She complains wistfully on occasion, but never within her mother’s hearing. While she is nearly always ladylike and dependable, she is capable of forgetting responsibilities as she does when her mother goes to Washington and Beth becomes sick. She is also a bit too critical of herself; although she indulges in a little wild partying during her stay at the Moffats, she certainly doesn’t behave any worse than any of the other girls. It seems worse because the shallow flirtation and silliness is not really a part of her character and is therefore not expected from her by either the reader or the other characters.

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events and situations so keenly that she sometimes feels as if she has the greatest burden of the entire family. Her first love is for her family and her initial goal is to keep her sisters, parents and closest friends near at hand for her entire life. She eventually realizes that her dream is impossible and unfair to her sisters

Amy begins the story as a self-centered child who thinks primarily of the benefit to herself even when she does something good for other people. She is a little rebellious and doesn’t take her education too seriously-hence her problems with grammar and spelling- but she is very bright and shows an ability to do whatever she sets her mind to. As she matures, she learns to think of other people first, something her father notices immediately when he returns from the hospital in Washington. Her self-centeredness transforms into an innate knowledge of a behavior that will impress the right people and acquire the things she desires without much effort on her part. In spite of their financial situation, Amy learns early to conduct herself with class. She never has the tomboy wildness of Jo, but neither is she a snob. She wants friends among the wealthy, so she emulates the expected behaviors but does it in a way that gains many friends. She does learn the hard way that friendship with the wealthy is sometimes a one way street, and the girls that seem to be her pals in the art school ignore her invitation to pursue a longer lasting friendship outside of school

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fills a gap in the life of Mr. Laurence who lost a granddaughter much like her. She is quiet, devoted to her parents, committed to household chores and performing kindnesses to others, and is incredibly shy, a flaw that Laurie and Mr. Laurence help her to overcome. Her primary purpose is to bring out the best in other characters. Thus she finds the gentleness in Mr. Laurence and has a calming influence on her sisters, especially Jo.

Mrs. March is a flat character in the story although she is a major one. She is the only character who never seems to make a mistake, who seems to have learned everything life has to offer and lives only to pass her wisdom on to her children. Nevertheless, she is not a nagging or preaching Mom. She seldom offers advice until the girls ask, and she generally finds lessons in their own experiences. She doesn’t "work" outside the home but spends a great deal of time visiting all of the sick and needy in the community. She is a presence and a voice more than a person as there is not even a clear description of her appearance in the book. She is diminished as an individual but exerts a clear influence over her daughters as they seek to live up to her expectations. Few growing children in real life appreciate their mothers to the extent that the March sisters do.

3.4 Supporting Character

Laurie

Mr. Laurence’s grandson 1. Hannah

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2. Father

The girl's father 3. Mr.Laurence

The next door neighbor 4. Mr. Brooke

Laurie’s tutor-marries Meg 5. The Moffats

(Sally-best friend of Meg’s) 6. Fred and Frank Vaughn

English friends of Laurie’s. Fred proposes to Amy in France. 7. Aunt Carrol

The Aunt who goes to Europe and takes Amy as a companion for herself and a cousin named Flo.

8. Aunt March

A wealthy widowed aunt for whom both Amy and Jo work as a

companion at different times. Puts up the money for Amy to go to Europe. She wills her house to Jo.

9. Professor Bhaer

German teacher in the house in New York. Marries Jo. 10.Mrs. Kirke

A New York friend of Mrs. March who hires Jo as a governess for her children.

11.Mr. Dashwood

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12.Daisy and Demi Meg’s twins. 13.The Scotts

Neighbors to Meg and John. 14.The Chesters

Wealthy people in the community who put on a fair and ask Amy to participate.

3.5 Setting

Little Women is set in the 1860s in a New England town modeled on Concord, Massachusetts. Most of the action in Part I revolves around the March family home or With Father away, serving as a clergyman for soldiers fighting in the Civil War, the four daughters and their mother remain at home, struggling to live as comfortably as possible under the circumstances.

The first setting is the reader met that When Marmee returns home, the girls learn that she has received a letter from their father. The girls and their mother gather in front of the fire and read the letter. Such a picture can be seen in the following statement :

‘Now come and hear the letter, Mrs march ask. They all drew to the fire, Mother in the big chair, with Beth at her face, Meg and Amy perched on either arm of the chair, and Jo learning on the back.(Louise, 1994:9)

3.6 Point of View

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and without. We get a good example of this in the first chapter, in which the narrator gives the reader a description of each of the March sisters – her appearance and her personality – as the girls sit by the fire knitting:

Margaret, the eldest of the four, was sixteen, and very pretty, being plump and fair, with large eyes, plenty of soft brown hair, a sweet mouth, and white hands, of which she was rather vain. Fifteen-year-old Jo was very tall, thin, and brown, and reminded one of a colt, for she never seemed to know what to do with her long limbs, which were very much in her way. [. . .] Elizabeth, or Beth, as everyone called her, was a rosy, smooth-haired, bright-eyed girl of thirteen, with a shy manner, a timid voice, and a peaceful expression which was seldom disturbed. [. . .] Amy, though the youngest, was a most important person, in her own opinion at least.( Louise,1994:4)

Most of the time, the narrator focuses on our protagonist, Jo March. For example, when Jo wakes up on Christmas morning, the narrator describes her actions and feelings:

Then she remembered her mother's promise and, slipping her hand under her pillow, drew out a little crimson-covered book. She knew it very well, for it was that beautiful old story of the best life ever lived, and Jo felt that it was a true guidebook for any pilgrim going on a long journey. (Louise,1994:13)

But when it's necessary for the story, the narrator can delve into the mind of any character, from Marmee to John Brooke. In these cases, the narrator tends to drop into the perspective of that character in order to tell the reader things that no other character knows – at least not yet. For example, here's a passage told from Marmee's perspective:

Hoping to impress the lesson more deeply, Mrs. March, who had a

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4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

4.1 Conclusion

After reading and analyzing the entire contents of Little Woman Novel the work of Louise May Alcott in the authors conclude that all the intrinsic element contained in this novel turned out to have a close relationship with each other, thus forming a coherent whole.

Theme in the novel Little Woman Novel is that of family love. With the theme of the novel is known to conclude that the elements of the theme associated with the element of the character. Where, the theme is played by the main character March girls and Mrs march ( marmee). Element of the theme will not be included if there is not in the novel the main character. The main character is of course to the beginning if its activities later in the activity of these figures are conflict, in conflict there will be culmination of a problem is called the climax. After the climax, there will be what the ending of the novel is called resolution. Then the plot requires setting. Setting determines where the main character action took place activities.

4.2 Suggestion

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REFERENCES

Castle, Gregory. 2007. The Blackwell Guide To Literary Theory. SydneyBlackwell Publishing Ltd.

Nursisto. 2000. Ikhtisar Kesusasteraan Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Adicita.

Rees, R.J. 1973. English Literature. London: Macmillen Education Limited. Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. Buku Panduan Program D3 Bahasa Inggris.

Medan, Fib: Unpublished

Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. Sastra Inggris. Metode Penelitian. Medan, Fib: Unpublished

Siswanto, Wahyudi. 2008. Pengantar Teori Sastra. Jakarta: Grasindo Stanton, Robert. 2007. Teori Fiksi. Yogyakarta: Adicita.

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APPENDICES

A. Summary of Little Woman

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B. Biography of the Author Louisa May Alcott

Louisa May Alcott was an American novelist. She is best known for the novel Little Women, written and set in the Alcott family home, Orchard House in Concord, Massachusetts and published in 1868. This novel is loosely based on her childhood experiences with her three sisters.

In 1840, after several setbacks with the school, the Alcott family moved to a cottage 2 acres (8,100 m2) along the Sudbury River in Concord, Massachusetts. The Alcott family moved to the Utopian Fruitlands community for a brief interval in 1843-1844 and then, after its collapse, to rented rooms and finally to a house in Concord purchased with her mother's inheritance and financial help from Emerson. Alcott's early education included lessons from the naturalist Henry David Thoreau. She received the majority of her schooling from her father. She also received some instruction from writers and educators such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Nathaniel Hawthorne, and Margaret Fuller, who were all family friends. She later described these early years in a newspaper sketch entitled "Transcendental Wild Oats." The sketch was reprinted in the volume Silver Pitchers (1876), which relates the family's experiment in "plain living and high thinking"at Fruitlands.

As an adult, Alcott was an abolitionist and a feminist. In 1847, the family housed a fugitive slave for one week. In 1848 Alcott read and admired the "Declaration of Sentiments" published by the Seneca Falls Convention on women'srights.

Poverty made it necessary for Alcott to go to work at an early age as an occasional teacher, seamstress, governess, domestic helper, and writer. Her first book was Flower Fables (1855), a book of tales originally written for Ellen Emerson, daughter of Ralph Waldo Emerson. In 1860, Alcott began writing for the Atlantic Monthly. She was a nurse in the Union Hospital at Georgetown, D.C., for six weeks in 1862-1863. Her letters home, revised and published in the Commonwealth and collected as Hospital Sketches (1863, republished with additions in 1869), garnered her first critical recognition for her observations and humor. Her novel Moods (1864), based on her own experience, was also promising.

She also wrote passionate, fiery novels and sensation stories under the nom de plume A. M. Barnard. Among these are A Long Fatal Love Chase and Pauline's Passion and Punishment . Her protagonists for these tales are willful and relentless in their pursuit of their own aims, which often include revenge on those who have humiliated or thwarted them. These works achieved immediate commercial success in theirday.

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