Animal Production
48 The 1st International Seminar on Animal Industry 2009 | Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University
Performance of Grade-1 Kids as A Result of Grading-Up Between
Local Goats and Boer Goats
I. Harris, A. Dakhlan, and S. Suharyati
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung email: [email protected] or [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to get information on performances of grade-1 kid as a result of grading-up between Etawa Grade goat or Kacang Goat and Boer Goat. Some variables observed were litter size, sex, birth type, and birth weight. Does used in this research were 80 heads, consisted of Etawa grade does (40 heads) and Kacang does (40 heads). They were reared by the farmers intensively in Batu Kramat Village, Kotaagung Timur District, Tanggamus Regency. Artificial Insemination was applied for the mating. Twenty Etawa grade does and twenty Kacang does were mated to Boer buck (BP and BK), while twenty Etawa grade does and twenty Kacang does were mated to Etawa buck and Kacang buck respectively (PP and KK). The result showed that litter size in all mating (BP, BK, PP, and KK) was not significantly different (P>0.05). Sex of KK male kid was the highest (60%), while the lowest was BK grade 1 (33%). BK female kid was the highest (67%), while the lowest was KK
kid; the birth type (twin and triplet) of PP was higher (70%) than BP (45%); birth weight of BP was
higher (P<0.05) than PP, and birth weight of BK were also higher (P<0.05) than KK.
Key words:grading-up, grade 1, Boerawa and Boercang goat
INTRODUCTION
Lampung province has a potential chance in supporting the development of animal sector. Lampung province has the ability to hold ruminant 1.41 milion animal unit, but only 33.2% was used (Supriyono, 2005). So the chance for increasing animal production is still open. Beside of that, Handiman and Tawaf (2005) stated that Lampung province was the fourth rank in goat population (815,667=7%) in Indonesia after Central Java (22%), East Java (18%), and West Java (10%). The potency and chance were taken by Lampung Government by developing beef cattle and Boerawa goat. The efforts were supported by the Indonesia Government (General Directorate of Husbandry) that in 2004 decided
“Lampung as centre of Boerawa goat
development”.
Productivity of local goat (Etawa grade and Kacang goat) is still low. Performance of Etawa grade goats that is also dairy type affected low productivity in meat. While productivity of Kacang goat performance is very low because of its small body, so meat production of Kacang goat is low. To improve local goat productivity, it is important to introduce temperate or tropical exotic breeds, for example Boer goats. Boerawa
goat (Filial 1 or Grade 1) is crossbreed between Boer buck and Etawa grade does. In Lampung Boerawa goat was crossed by Boer buck continuously, so the progeny was named grade-1, grade-2, etc.
Boerawa goat development in Lampung was pioneered since 2001 by importing two Boer buck from Australia and two Boerawa buck from South Sulawesi (Hadi, 2006). By nowdays there was no information on performance of this crossbreed (Boerawa grade-1 kid).
The objective of this study was to get information on performance of Boerawa kid (Boer buck x Etawa grade does) and Boercang kid (Boer buck x Kacang does).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Animal production
Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University | The 1st International Seminar on Animal Industry 2009 49
Keramat Village, Kota Agung Timur District, Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province.
Boer semen was gotten from Frozen Semen Production Instalation Terbanggi Besar, Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Lamapung Province, while Etawa grade semen was gotten from Balai Inseminasi Buatan Ungaran, Dinas Peternakan Central Java Province. All does were synchronized using Prostaglandin Noroprost hormon (N105424).
Parameters measured in this study were litter size, sex, birth type, and birth weight. Litter size and birth weight parameters were analyzed using ANOVA with completely randomized design, while sex and birth type were analyzed using descriptive analysis (Steel and Torrie, 1993).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION study was lower than the result of Browning et al. (2004) that litter size of Boer was 1.92 ± 0,12.
Table 1 showed that sex ratio of Boerawa, Etawa grade, Boercang, and Kacang goat were 15 male (50%): 15 female (50%), 16 male (47%): 18 Boercang (67%) whereas the lowest was Kacang. This result was different from the result of was 55% single, 40% twin, and 5% triplet. Birth type of Etawa grade, Boercang, and Kacang were 30% single and 70% twin, single 67% and twin 33%, and single 70% and twin 30% respectively. The result indicated that twin and triplet birth types were higher in PP (70%) than in BP (45%). Twin and triplet birth types were higher than single birth types in PP, but it was lower than
single birth type in BP. The result indicated also that twin birth types in both BK (33%) and KK (30%) was relatively the same and it was lower than single birth type.
Table 1. Performance of kid grade 1 as a result of grading up between local goat and Boer goat and birth weight indicated significant effect (P<0.05); BP: Boerawa; PP: Etawa grade, BK: Boercang; KK: Kacang
Birth weight of BP, PP, BK, and KK kids were 2.91+0.47; 2.36+0.36; 2.43+0.20, and 1.87+0.64 kg/kid respectively. The result indicated that birth weight in BP was higher (P<0.05) than in PP. Birth weight in BK was higher (P<0.05) than KK. This result indicated that kid grade-1 as a result of grading up between Boer goat and local goat was higher than local goat. Birth weight of BP (2.91 kg) in the present study was higher than that of crossbreed between Boer and Haimen goat (2.5 kg) reported by Yonghong (1999) and was within the range (2.51-3.33 kg) of the result of crossbreed between Boer goat and seven native goat in China reported by Jiabi et al. (2009). Birth weight of BK (2.43 kg) in the present study was higher than that of crossbreed between Boer and Kacang goat (2.35 kg) reported by Elieser et al. (2006). While birth weight of local goat (PP and KK) was within the range of the result reported by Supriyono (2005) that birth weight of PP and KK were 2.4—2.6 kg and 1.6—2.0 kg respectively.
CONCLUSION
Animal Production
50 The 1st International Seminar on Animal Industry 2009 | Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
We would like to thank to Directorate General of Higher Education, National Education Department for its Hibah Bersaing Program for the financial support; drh Madi Hartono, M.P. (Post Graduate student of IPB, doctoral degree) for his assistance in this research, Mr. Sadar and Sosro W. (Dompet Duafa) for their aid in preparing this research, and Mr. Syafei as inseminator for his aid. Finally, we are greatly indebted to Kelompok Ternak Tunas Harapan and Sido Maju, Mr. Adi Susilo, Yudi, Fredy, and Subagyo for their assistances in the process of this research in Batu Keramat Village, Kotaagung Timur District, Tanggamus Regency.
REFERENCES
Browning, R. Jr., S. H. Kebe, and M. Byars. 2004. Preliminary assessment of Boer and Kiko does as maternal lines for kid performance under humid, subtropical conditions. South African Journal of Animal Science 2004, 34 (Supplement I).
Elieser, S., M. Doloksaribu, F. Mahmilia, and FA
Pamungkas. 2006. Productivity of
Crossbreed Goat Kacang x Boer (Birth weight, Weaning Weight, and Mortality Rate). Proceeding of National Seminar on Animal Science Technology and veterinary. Hadi, H. 2006. Perkembangan Pembibitan
Kambing Boer di Provinsi Lampung. Laporan. Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan
Hewan Propinsi Lampung. Lampung.
Handiman, B. S. dan R. Tawaf. 2005. Data
Bisnis Peternakan 2005. PT Gallus
Indonesia Utama. Divisi Penerbitan Gita Pustaka. Jakarta.
Jiabi, P., D. Zegao, C. Taiyong, and G. Jiyun. 2009. Improvement Effect of Crossbreeding Boer Goats and Sichuan Native Goats.
Heifer Project International/China,
Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
Nalbandov, A.V. 1990. Fisiologi Reproduksi pada Mamalia dan Unggas. Edisi Ketiga. Diterjemahkan oleh Soenaryo Keman. Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. Steel, R.G.D. dan J.H. Torrie. 1993. Prinsip dan
Prosedur Statistika. Diterjemahkan oleh Bambang Sumantri. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Jakarta.
Suharyati, S. 1999. Pengaruh pemberian
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin dan Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin terhadap
Kinerja Reproduksi Kambing Peranakan Ettawa yang Disinkronisasi Estrus dengan Progesteron. Tesis. Program Pasca Sarjana Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta. Sulastri dan A. Dakhlan. 2006. Penerapan
Program Grading-up dengan Pejantan Boer untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Kambing Peranakan Etawah. Buletin Pembangunan Provinsi Lampung Volume 1 Nomor 2 September 2006
Supriyono, P. 2005. Peternakan Lampung Kini dan Esok. Dinas Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan Propinsi Lampung. Lampung.
Yonghong, H. 1999. Utilization and
Animal Production
48 The 1st International Seminar on Animal Industry 2009 | Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University
Performance of Grade-1 Kids as A Result of Grading-Up Between
Local Goats and Boer Goats
I. Harris, A. Dakhlan, and S. Suharyati
Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung email: [email protected] or [email protected]
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to get information on performances of grade-1 kid as a result of grading-up between Etawa Grade goat or Kacang Goat and Boer Goat. Some variables observed were litter size, sex, birth type, and birth weight. Does used in this research were 80 heads, consisted of Etawa grade does (40 heads) and Kacang does (40 heads). They were reared by the farmers intensively in Batu Kramat Village, Kotaagung Timur District, Tanggamus Regency. Artificial Insemination was applied for the mating. Twenty Etawa grade does and twenty Kacang does were mated to Boer buck (BP and BK), while twenty Etawa grade does and twenty Kacang does were mated to Etawa buck and Kacang buck respectively (PP and KK). The result showed that litter size in all mating (BP, BK, PP, and KK) was not significantly different (P>0.05). Sex of KK male kid was the highest (60%), while the lowest was BK grade 1 (33%). BK female kid was the highest (67%), while the lowest was KK
kid; the birth type (twin and triplet) of PP was higher (70%) than BP (45%); birth weight of BP was
higher (P<0.05) than PP, and birth weight of BK were also higher (P<0.05) than KK.
Key words:grading-up, grade 1, Boerawa and Boercang goat
INTRODUCTION
Lampung province has a potential chance in supporting the development of animal sector. Lampung province has the ability to hold ruminant 1.41 milion animal unit, but only 33.2% was used (Supriyono, 2005). So the chance for increasing animal production is still open. Beside of that, Handiman and Tawaf (2005) stated that Lampung province was the fourth rank in goat population (815,667=7%) in Indonesia after Central Java (22%), East Java (18%), and West Java (10%). The potency and chance were taken by Lampung Government by developing beef cattle and Boerawa goat. The efforts were supported by the Indonesia Government (General Directorate of Husbandry) that in 2004 decided
“Lampung as centre of Boerawa goat
development”.
Productivity of local goat (Etawa grade and Kacang goat) is still low. Performance of Etawa grade goats that is also dairy type affected low productivity in meat. While productivity of Kacang goat performance is very low because of its small body, so meat production of Kacang goat is low. To improve local goat productivity, it is important to introduce temperate or tropical exotic breeds, for example Boer goats. Boerawa
goat (Filial 1 or Grade 1) is crossbreed between Boer buck and Etawa grade does. In Lampung Boerawa goat was crossed by Boer buck continuously, so the progeny was named grade-1, grade-2, etc.
Boerawa goat development in Lampung was pioneered since 2001 by importing two Boer buck from Australia and two Boerawa buck from South Sulawesi (Hadi, 2006). By nowdays there was no information on performance of this crossbreed (Boerawa grade-1 kid).
The objective of this study was to get information on performance of Boerawa kid (Boer buck x Etawa grade does) and Boercang kid (Boer buck x Kacang does).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
