THE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS FOUND IN TEMPO
MAGAZINE
A PAPER
WRITTEN
BY
KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS
REG. NO. 112202040
DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDY
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN
It has been proved by
Supervisor,
NIP. 19541117198003 1 002 Dr. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S.
Submitted of Faculty Of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma (D-III) in English Study Program
Approved by
Head of Diploma III English Study Program
NIP. 193211261981121001
Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.
Accepted by:
The Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Diploma III (D-III) of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.
The Examination is held on June 2014
Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara Dean
NIP. 195110131976031001 Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A.
Board of Examiners Examiners :
AUTHOR’S DECLARATION
I, KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except
where the reference is made the text of this paper, this paper contains no material
published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have
qualified for a awarded another degree.
No other person’s work has been used without acknowledgment in the main text
of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for the award of another degree in
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Name : KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS
Title of paper : The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo Magazine
Qualification : D-III/ Ahli Madya
Study Program : English
1) I am willing that my paper should be available for reproduction at the
discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty
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2) I am not willing that my papers be made available for reproduction
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ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Assalamualaikum Warrahmatullahi Wabarakatuh
First of all the writer of this paper would like to say thanks ALLAH
SWTwho has given a lot of blessing to him in writing this paper. Therefore he is
able tofinish writing this paper. The writer believes that without the blessing that
Godsend him, this paper cannot be finished as it is.
Secondly, the writer also wants to send thanks to the people or friends who
have given him spiritual encouragements to finish this paper. The writer
alsobelieves that this paper has not reached its perfectness so he would be very
happywhen its readers want to give some valuable suggestions for its perfectness.
The writer does not forget to give special thanks to:
1) Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A., the Dean of the Faculty of culture Study forthe
facilities during her study at the Faculty.
2) Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A., the chairperson of the Englishdepartment of the D-III Program.
3) Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, as my supervisor for his valuable corrections.
4) Drs. M. Syafi’i, M.A, as my reader and reviewer of this paper
5) All lecturer in English Diploma Study Program for giving me advices and
lessons
7) My beloved brothers, M. Yusuf Lubis, Muslih Lubis and Zulkifli Lubis thank
you for taking care of me and for the big support
8) My beloved sisters, Hairani Lubis and Herlin Lubis, who have given me a
valuable encouragement to finish my study.
9) TK Dewantara Medan Johor, for giving me great experiences.
10)My best friends, Tika ‘Ciiin’ , Diba ‘Hoo’ and Ima ‘Hoo’ who has been giving
me the joy, laughter and many other things. Hope our friendship can last for many
more years. Thank you for nice friendship, I believe that we will be the successful
person for developing Indonesia. Amiin
11)All of my friends that have been helping me. Thank you so much
12)My special one, Aditia Permadi who has giving me inspiration and motivation.
May Allah Swt compensate whatever you have given to me.
Medan, July 2014
TABLE OF CONTENT 1.1 The Background of Study……….………….. 1
1.2 The Problem of Study……….………… 4
1.3 The Scope of Study……… 4
1.4 The purpose of Study………. 4
1.5 Significance of Study………. 4
2. A BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF MORPHOLOGY 2.1 The Definition of Morphology……….………….. 5
2.1.2 Morpheme………...……….…………. 6
2.1.3 Words……….………...… 8
2.1.4 Roots, Bases and Stem……….…………... 9
2.2 The Process of Morphology……….………….…. 9
2.2.1 Affixation……….. .……….….. 9
2.2.1.1 Inflectional Affixes………... ..… …….…… 10
2.2.1.2 Derivational Affixes………. ..… ……..…… 11
2.2.2 Reduplication……….……..…….. 13
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion………... 24
4.2 Suggestion………....24
ABSTRACT
ABSTRAK
1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of Study
The title of this paper is The Morphological Analysis Found in Tempo
Magazine. Dealing with the topic we may understand that it discusses about the
ways of how to form new words.
Language is a means of communication. Through language we can
communicate with other people and even with other nation. In order to be able to
communicate with other nation we use English. English is one of international
languages.
Bloomfield (1933:3) says that language plays a great part in our life.
Perhaps because of its familiarity, we rarely observe it, taking it rather for granted,
as we do breathing or walking. The effects of language are remarkable, and
include much of what distinguishes man from the animals, but language has no
place in our educational program or in the speculations of our philosophers.
According to Trask.R.L (1999:83) language is a very powerful means of
declaring and maintaining one’s identity, and there is no reason to suppose that this
function is less important to most people than communicating information.
In order to communicate in English well, we should have English
proficiency both in written and spoken. In English, written is distinct from
spoken. It is considered that written English is more difficult than spoken English.
Furthermore, to be better in written English we must know about the grammar
first. Grammar is the most important thing in studying English. Studying grammar
Kaplan (1995: 134) states that the term of grammar is often used to refer
to a particular body of information about a language. It has something to do with
the structure of words and sentence.
Verhaar (1996:3) says, “linguistik berarti ilmu tentang bahasa”. It means
that linguistics is science of language. The object of study of linguistics is
language which has many branches. One of them is morphology. It is same
opinion with Bloomfield that he stated on his book.
Bloomfield (1933:3) also says that linguistics, the study of language, is
only in its beginnings. Linguistics is the field of the study, where the subject of
the study is the language. It is a scientific knowledge which can be applied to all
languages in the world. It does not belong to a certain language only.
Katamba (1993:10) states that morphology (and the lexicon) are like a
bridge that links the other modules of the grammar. It is therefore necessary to
examine morphology not in isolation, but in relation to the other modules.
Morphology interacts with phonology and syntax as well as semantics. So, it can
only be studied by considering the phonological, syntactic and semantic
dimensions of word.
In this case, the writer would like to describe oneof the linguistic aspects,
e.g “Morphology”. Morphology is called the study of morphemes and their
arrangement in forming word according to Nida (1946:1). Or, morphology is the
branch of linguistics studying how words are structured and how they are put
word-formation process or the morphological process is the process of forming
new words with the rules of morphology. Even though some languages recognize
a part of the formation processes, in morphology there are fourteen
word-formation processes and one of them is affixation. Affixation is the adding of
bound morphemes to the base to form a word. The bound morphemes added
initially to the base are called prefixes those inserted into the base are called
infixes, and those added to the end of the base are called suffixes. English has many prefixes and suffixes. Affixation is an interesting object to be analyzed
because in the morphological process the productive in forming a new word is
affixation. In this paper, the analysis of affixation is focused on form, distribution,
and function.
The reason why the writer chooses the affixation topic in this paper
because the writer wants to know the process of how a word is formed in English
vocabulary especially the one that found in articles selected in Tempo Magazine
1405/September 23-29, 2013.
Thus, the writer wants to show that there are can be discussed from the
topics have chosen in which the writer found of some morphological process and
one of them “Affixation” that normally consist of prefixation and sufixation. This
kind of the process is very important to English students especially for those who
want to increase their vocabulary and they can determine meaning more easily if
they already know the meaning of an affix, such as anti-(againts).
The last, the writer also wants to shows the readers more about the
particularly concerns with morphological process in Tempo Magazine September
edition 2013 as the data of this analysis.
This magazine is very interesting to go in certain direction to find many
English affixes aimed inside. So it is the real reason why it is chosen as the data of
analysis, especially to find out the most dominant affix that used in this magazine.
1.2 The Problem of Study
Based on the background that has been described, it focuses on the
following problems:
1. What prefixes and suffixes are used in the Tempo magazine?
2. What is the most dominant affix that used in the Tempo magazine?
1.3 The Scope of Study
The writer limits this paper to make it organized to the subject that writer
wants to analyze. In this paper is focused on the morphological process of affixes
includes prefixes and suffixes based on the form, distribution, function and also
the kinds of prefixes and suffixes that occurred in Tempo Magazine.
1.4 The Purpose of Study
The purposes in writing this paper are finish the study fromEnglish
Department of the Diploma Program of the Faculty of Culture Study and to find
out what the prefixes and suffixes are used in five articles in Tempo Magazine.
1.5 Significance of The Study
This paper is expected to give some significance for readers, they are to
add the readers acknowledge about affixation in the magazine and to be reference
2. A BRIEF DISCRIPTION OF MORPHOLOGY 2.1 The Definition of Morphology
Morphology is a field of linguistics study that focused on the formation of
words in a language. It means that how the words made from a morpheme or the
morphemes as like as E.A Nida says that morphology is the study of morphemes
and their arrangements in forming words.
While Coates stated on his book (1999:8) morphology is morph-ology, the second element meaning ‘the academic study of word’, as in psychology, biology
and so on. The first element is an adaptation of the Greek word meaning ‘form’ or
‘shape’. It was also present in morpheme. So a morpheme is a separate or
distinctive unit of the form or shape words. Words will tend to have structure for
some purpose, which is why morphemes typically have a meaning of their own.
Bloomfield (1933:207) says that by morphology of a language we mean
the constructions in which bound forms appear among the constituents. By
definition, the resultants forms are either bound forms or words, but never
phrases. Accordingly, we may say that that morphology includes the constructions
of words and parts of words.
Morphology, the study of the structure and form of words in language or a
language, include: inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds. At the
basic level, words are made of “morphemes”. These are the smallest units of
meaning: roots and affixes (prefixes and suffixes). Native speakers recognize the
morphemes as grammatically significant or meaningful. For example,
grammatical suffix “-s”, and “unhappiness” is made of “happy” with a prefix
“un-” and a suffix “-ness“un-”.
2.1.2 Morpheme
Nida (1946:1) says that morphemes are the minimal meaningful units
which may constitute words or parts of words, e.g. - re, de, un, ly, ceive, -mand, -tie, -boy, and –like in the combinations receive, demand, untie, boyish, likely. The morpheme arrangements which are treated under the morphology of a language include all combinations of words into phrases and sentences are treated
under the syntax.
Katamba (1993:24) states that the morpheme is the smallest difference in
the shape of a word that correlates with the smallest difference in word or
sentence meaning or in the grammatical structure. For example, sawed, sawn,
sawing and saws can all be analyzed into the morpheme. {Saw} can occur on its
own as a word; it does not have to be attached to another morpheme. It is a free
morpheme. However, none of the other morphemes listed just above is free. Each
must be affixed (attached) to some other unit; each can only occur as a part of a
word. Morphemes that must be attached as word parts are said to be bound
morpheme.
Katamba (1993:20) states that the term morpheme is used to refer to the
smallest, indivisible units of semantic content or grammatical function which
words are made up off. By definition, a morpheme cannot be decomposed into
smaller units which are either meaningful by themselves or mark a grammatical
[fi:] (which contains just one morpheme) into, say, [f] and [i:] means by itself
since sounds in themselves do not have meaning.
Morphemes, the morphological building blocks of words, are defined as
the minimal linguistics units with a lexical or a grammatical meaning. For
instance, the noun buyer consists of two morphemes, buy and –er. The verbal morpheme buy is called a free or lexical morpheme, because it can occur as a word by itself, whereas –er is an affix.
Based on the definition above it can be conclude that Morpheme is a
meaningful of linguistics unit consisting of a word (such as dog; is a word) or a word element (such as the –s at the end of dogs).
Morpheme can be classified as either free or bound form.
1. Free Morpheme
Free morpheme is a morpheme that can stand alone as an independent
word. For example, people, pretty, through, big, man, red, cut. Katamba (1993:41) stated that many words contain a root standing on its own. Roots, which
are capable of standing independently, are called free morpheme.
2. Bound Morpheme
Another type of morpheme is the bound morpheme, which occurs only
when attached to another morpheme. In other words, bound morpheme is
dependent form. Katamba (1993:42) stated on his book while only roots can be
free morphemes, not all roots are free. Many roots are incapable of occurring in
isolation. They always occur with some other word-building elements combine to
The types of bound morphemes include prefixes and suffixes.
For examples:
suffix –ful in faithful
prefix -re in return
suffix –ty in safety 2.1.3 Words
Katamba (1993: 21) says that word is unit of language that comes meaning
and consist of one or more morpheme which are linked more or less tightly
together and has a phonetically value, typically a word will consist of root or stem
and zero or more affixes word can be combine to create phrase, clause, and
sentence.
Words can be chopped into smaller pieces. At the phonological level,
words can be divided into syllables or segments, and segments into their
constituent phonological features. At the morphological level, words may consist
of more than one unit as well.
Words are usually the easiest units to identify in the written language. So
words are units composed of one or more morphemes; they are also the units of
which phrases are composed.
For example in all right, English speaker might not agree whether all right
2.1.4 Roots, Bases and Stems
Coates (1999:27-29) says that when we look at words that have some
internal structure, we may decide that the elements they consist of are not all
equal: that some are more central than others.
In sending, for instance, we see the structure send-ing and conclude that the free morpheme send has had the bound morpheme –ing attached after it, and not vice versa.
The key element to which others are added is called the Root of the word. In other word, Root is a morpheme on which the rest of a word is built. For
example, faith, frog, clean, hard, window.
A base is the any structure to which an affix may be added. A base can be
a plain root. For example, switch, bottle, vanilla. A base can also consist of a root plus one or more affixes (corny, ex-husband). That we knew, not all affixes are lexical- some are grammatical.
What that is added grammatical affixes to is called Stem. A Stem is therefore a special kind of base. All stem are bases, but not all bases can be stems
in English. For example: faith, window-clean, hardship. 2.2 The Process of Morphology
2.2.1 Affixation
Affixation is the adding of bound morphemes to the base to form a word.
For example, be-head, discuss-ion, pre-pay, un-familiar-ity, form-al-is-able.
Katamba (1993:44) stated on his book an affix is a morpheme which only
stem or base. Obviously, by definition affixes are bound morpheme. No word may
contain only an affix standing on its own, like –s or –ed or –al or even a number of affixes strung together like –al-s.
Bauer (1998:25) says that only some of recurrent sequences of letters (or
sound, in the spoken form of the language) which are not words are affixes.
Affixes must also have their own meaning (although it may be difficult to specify
precisely what that meaning is). For example, the un- in unfamiliarity means something like ‘not’, and is also found in other words like unnatural, unlikely, uninspiring, etc. But although there are other words such as uncle, undercoat, uniform, unit which begin with the same letters (and in some cases, the same sounds as well), these words do not have the affix un- because the bit that is left if the affix is removed is not a word of English and the un- does not have the appropriate meaning.
According to Katamba (1993:47-48) Affixes can be divided into two
major functional categories, namely inflectional and derivational. This reflects recognition of two principal word building process: inflection and derivation.
While all morphologists accept this distinction in some form, it is nevertheless
one of the most contentious issues in morphological theory.
2.2.1.2 Inflectional Affixes
The purpose ofinflectional Affixes is to show the grammatical function of
affixes –er and –est is needed to show that it is degree of comparison. In other word, it is changing the meaning of the base to which they are attached.
2.2.1.3 Derivational Affixes
In this term is different from inflectional affixes. In this form, it is
changing the word-class from one word-class to another. For example, the
addition of –ly to the adjectives kind and simple produces the adverbs kind-ly and
simp-ly. As rule, it is possible to derive an adverb by adding the suffix –ly to an adjectival base.
Affixes consist of suffixes, prefixes and infixes.
1. Suffixes
Suffixes (sometimes called postfixes) are the affixed morpheme goes after the
stem. There some of suffixes in English:
a) suffix –able
e,g:suit + -able = suitable
consider + -able = considerable
b) suffix –al
e,g : tradition + -al= traditional emotion + -al = emotional
globe + -al = global
c) suffix –er
e,g :play + -er = player bank + -er = banker
d) suffix –or decorate + -ion = decoration
contribute + -ion = contribution
2. Prefixes
Prefixes are the affixed morpheme goes before the stem. There are some of
prefixes:
re- + construct = reconstruct
c) Prefix
2.2.2 Reduplication
Reduplication:(repetition / copying). For example: Malay language orang
‘man’, orang-orang ‘men’). Reduplicatives are used in a variety of ways. Some
simply imitate sounds: ding-dong, bow-wow. Some suggest alternative
movements: flip-flop, ping-pong. Some are disparaging: dilly-dally, wishy-washy. And some intensify meaning: teeny-weeny, tip-top. Reduplication is not a major means of creating lexemes in English, but it is perhaps the most unusual one.
2.2.3 Compounding
Yule (1965:54) states that compounding is a joining of two separate words
to produces a single form Thus, lehn and wort are combined to produced
lenwortin German. On the other wordsthis process is a compounding two or more base form and get word or form in new meaning. In English, this compounding of
words are very variation and complex form. There is some of variation form:
1. Compound Noun a. noun + noun
For example:
hand book = handbook ‘buku pegangan’ mail box = mailbox ‘kotak masuk email’ post office = postoffice ‘kantor pos’
b. Adjective + Noun
For example:
greenhouse = greenhouse ‘rumah kaca’
c. verb + Noun
For example:
kill joy = killjoy ‘orang yang suka merusak kesenangan orang lain’ break water = breakwater ‘pemecah gelombang’
cut throat = cut-throut ‘persaingan yang kejam’ 2. Compound Adjective
Noun + adjective
For example:
letter perfect = letter-perfect ‘melakukan hal yang pasti dan benar’ garden fresh = garden-fresh ‘kebun yang udaranya sejuk’ 3. Compound Verb
Adjective + Noun
For example:
bad mouth = bad-mouth ‘mengatakan hal buruk tentang seseorang’ black list = black-list ‘daftar hitam’ (dicoret, tidak digunakan lagi) cold shoulder = cold-shoulder ‘acuh tak acuh’ (selalu menghindari orang
yang tak ingin ditemui) 2.2.4 Conversion
The conversion process is particularly productive in modern English, with
new uses occurring frequently. The conversion can involve verbs becoming
nouns, with guess, must and spy as the sources of a guess, a must and a spy.
takeover). One complex verb combination (want to be) has become a new noun, as in he isn’t in the group, he’s just a wannabe.
2.2.5 Backformation
Backformation is a very specialized type of reduction process known as
backformation (Yule 1965:56). Typically, a word of one type (usually a noun) is
reduced to form a word of another type (usually a verb). A good example of
backformation is the process whereby the noun television first came into use and then the verb televise was created form it. Other examples of words created by this process are: donate (from ‘donation’), emote (from ‘emotion’), and enthuse
3. THE ANALYSIS
The writer has analyzed kinds of affixesthat focused on prefixes and
suffixes and the data of the analysis is five articles in Tempo Magazine
1405/September 23-29, 2013.The results of analysis are following:
3.1Prefixes
There are five kinds of prefixes that the writer found in article selected in
Tempo Magazine, namely:
1. Prefix
an-Prefix an-+ other => another 2. Prefix in
-a) Prefix in- + stability => Instability
In this word, stability is noun form that added prefix in- and instability is opposite of stability.
b) Prefix in- + consistent => Inconsistent
In this word, consistent is adjective form that added prefix in-. Inconsistent is opposite of consistent
3. Prefix ex
-Prefix ex- + change => Exchange
In this case, the function of prefix ex- is to show that the base form (change) is opposite of exchange
4. Prefix
un-a) Prefix un- + healthy => Unhealthy
b) Prefix un- + able => unable
In this word, able is adjective as base form that added prefix un-. The meaning of unable is also opposite of able.
5. Prefix
dis-Prefix dis-+ covering => discovering
In this word, covering is verb form that added prefix dis- become discovering. The function of prefix dis-, opposite of covering
3.1 Suffixes
The kind of suffixes that has found in five of articles in Tempo magazine
is sixteen, namely:
1. Suffix –al
a) Nation + -al => national
In this word, nation is noun as base form that added suffix -al. The meaning of national is more than one nation.
b) Vocation + -al => vocational
In this word, vocation is noun form that added suffix -al become vocational as noun but they are different because it more that one vacation
c) Organization + -al => organizational
In this word, organization is noun form that added suffix -al become organizational as noun but they are different because organizational means that
more that one organization
In this word, culture is noun form that added suffix -al become cultural as noun
2. Suffix –ial
a) President + -ial=> presidential
President is noun form that added suffix -ial. Presidential is adjective form.
b) Office + -ial=> official
Office is noun form that added suffix -ial. Official is adjective form.
c) Commerce + -ial => commercial
Commerce is noun form that added suffix -ial. Commercial is adjective form.
d) Finance + -ial => financial
Finance is noun form that added suffix -ial. Financial is adjective form. 3. Suffix –able
a) Consider + -able => considerable
Consider is verb form that added suffix -able. Considerable is adjective form 4. Suffix –er/-ers
a) Import + -ers => importers
In this word, import is verb as base form that added suffix -ers become importers. It means some persons who act the activity.
b) Farm + -ers => farmers
In this word, farm is verb as base form that added suffix -ers become farmers. It means some persons farm.
In this word, pray is verb as base form that added suffix -er become prayer. The word class of prayer has changed become noun. It means that a person who
pray.
d) Small + -er => smaller
In this word, small is adjective that added suffix -er become smaller. It means comparison degree. In other word, the function of suffix -er is comparison.
e) Bomb + -er => bomber
In this word, bomb is verb that added suffix -er become bomber as noun. It means a person who throws or places bomb.
5. Suffix –ed
a) Address + -ed => addressed
In this word, address is noun that added suffix -ed become addressed. The function of suffix -ed is to show the action in the past.
b) Change+ -ed => changed
Change is verb as base form that added suffix -ed become changed. It means action in the past time.
6. Suffix –tion/-ion
a) Object + -ion => objection
In this case, object is noun as base form that added suffix- ion. The meaning of objection is noun also.
b) Affect + -ion => affection
c) Discriminate + -ion=> discrimination
Discriminate is verb then added with suffix -ion become discrimination. It has changed become noun
d) Educate + -ion => education
Educate is verb that added suffix -ion become education. It has changed word class become noun.
e) Obligate + -ion => obligation
Obligate is verb that added suffix -ion become obligation. It has changed word class become noun.
7. Suffix –ly
a) Clear + -ly => clearly
Clear is adjective that added suffix -ly become clearly. The meaning of clearly is adjective also.
8. Suffix –ful
a) Wonder+ -ful=> wonderful
Wonder is verb as base form that added suffix -ful become wonderful. It has changed of word class become noun.
9. Suffix –ing
a) Meet + -ing=> meeting
In this word, meet is verb that added suffix –ing. The function of suffix –ing
is to show that the action is happening now.
10.Suffix –ment
In this word, assign is verb as base form that added suffix -ment. The word class of assignment has changed become noun.
b) Require + -ment => requirement
Require is verb that added suffix -ment become requirement. It means adding
suffix -ment has changed word class of requirement become noun.
c) Develop + -ment => develpoment
Develop is verb that added suffix- ment. Development is noun. 11.Suffix –age
a) Marry + -age => marriage
In this case, marry is verb as base form that added suffix -age. Marriage is noun.
12.Suffix –ce
a) Consequent + -ce => consequence
Consequent is adjective that added suffix -ce. It has changed, consequence become noun.
b) Emergency + -ce => emergence
Emergency is adjective that added suffix -ce. The word class has changed, emergence is noun
c) Convenient + -ce => convenience
Convenient is adjective that added suffix -ce. The word class has changed, convenience is noun.
13.Suffix –or/-ors
Speculate is verb form that added suffix ors become speculators. The
function of suffix -or is some person who act. In other word, speculators means that persons who speculate.
b) Regulate + -ors=> regulators
Regulate is verb form that added suffix ors. Regulators mean noun form.
c) Cultivate + -ors=> cultivators
Cultivate is verb form that added suffix ors,cultivators become noun form.
d) Audit + -or => auditor
Audit is verb form that added suffix or. The word class changed, auditor is
noun.
e) Visit + -ors => Visitors
Visit is verb form that added suffix or. The word class changed, auditor is
noun form.
14.Suffix –ity
a) Ethnic + -ity =>ethnicity
Ethnic is noun form that added suffix ity become ethnicity. Ethnicity is
adjective form.
b) Plural+ -ity => plurality
Plural is noun form that added suffix ity become plurality. Plurality is
adjective form.
15.Suffix –ness
Wit + -ness => Witness
16.Suffix-less
Regard + -less => regardless
4. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1CONCLUSION
1. After analyzing the data, writer finds 5 prefixes and the number of prefixes
totally is 12 words. The prefixes are an-, in-, ex-, un- and dis-. The writer also finds 16 suffixes are used in five articles of Tempo Magazine and the number
of suffixes totally is 202 words. The suffixes are –al, -ial, -able, -er/-ers, -ed, -tion/-ion, -ly, -ful, -ing, -ment, -age, -ce, -or/-ors, -ity, -ness and –less.
2. The dominant affix that has found in this magazine is suffixes.
4.2 SUGGESTION
Based on the conclusion of the research there are some suggestion to
everyone who reads this paper reader should learn morphology seriously, because
the subject is very complex and related one to others. So, if the reader missed
some materials, they would not understand the others. Reader must be carefully in
studying the morphological process, how to build the words, how to form the
words become new words or new meaning. Finally, the reader who wants to
analyze the process of morphology, should analyze the data carefully and relate to
References
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Coates, Richard. 1999. Word Structure. London: Routledge
Katamba, F. 1993. Modren Linguistics-Morphology. Hampshire, New York: PALGRAVE
Lubis, Syahron Drs. M.A. 2006. Kosakata Bahasa Inggris. (Unpublished book). Medan: UniversitasMuhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
Matthews, P.H.1997. Dictionary of Linguistics. New York. Oxpord University Press
Muchtar, Muhizar Drs. M.S. 2006.Morphology. (Unpublished book)Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara
Nida Eugene A. 1949. Morphology. Rexdale, Canada: The University of
Michigan
Sembiring, C.A. 2013.Kompilasi Bahan Kuliah. Medan, Sumatera Utara: The University of North Sumatera
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Sibarani, Robert. 2001. An Introduction to Morphology. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka
Verhaar, J.W.M 1996. Asas-asas Linguistik Umum. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press
Appendices 1. Prefixes
a. Prefix
an-Another (page41, line2)
b. Prefix
in-Instability (page42, line179); inconsistent (page43, line241); inimitable (page 56, line14); inevitably (page56, line 99)
c. Prefix
ex-Exchange (page41, line 96)
d. Prefix
un-Unhealthy (page43, line248); unable (page III, line83); unfairly (page III, line 94); unrestricted (page41, line25); uncertainty (page41, line67)
e. Prefix
dis-Discovering (page IV, line170) 2. Suffixes
a. Suffix –al
Presidential (page41,line19); commercial (page41,line38); officials (page41,line67); national (page42,line210); organizational (page56,line44); vocational (page II,line29); principal (page III, line46); financial (page IV,page175); medical (page IV,line170); cultural (pageVIII,line71)
b. Suffix –able
c. Suffix –er/-ers
Importers (page 41,line9); producers (page41, line116), farmers (page41,line123); employer (page42,line136); smaller (page42,line136); former (page42,line185), bigger (page43,line239); deserters (page56,line63); islander (page57,line117); laughter (pageII,line8); planter (pageIII,page51); announcer (IV, line 210); listeners (page IV,line213); pioneer (page IV,line223); prayer (pageV,line1); foreigner (pageV,line64); bomber (pageVI,line86); younger (pageVII,line33); shelter (pageVII,line81);
workers(pageVII,line139)
d. Suffix –ed
Addressed (page41, line7); charged (page41, line116); aimed (page41, line17); changed (page42, line39); intended (page41,line37); controlled (page41, line50); maintained (page57,line155); checked (page42,line139);
planted (page42,line150); compared (page42,line156); cultivated
(page42,line270); improved (page43,270); departed (page57,line168);
baptized (page57,line214); started (page II, line12); institutionalized (pageII,line38); fixed (page II, line39); pointed (page III,line44); enjoyed (pageIII,line53); established (pageIII,line55); determined (pageIII,line69);
watched (pageIII,line73); dreamed (pageIII,line102); owned
(pageIII,line113); emphasized (pageIII,line125); learned (pageIV,line143);
introduced (pageIV,line147); agreed (pageIV,line162); relieved
(pageIV,line172); assigned (pageIV,line194); varied (page IV,line206);
(pageV,line13); converted (pageV,line47), fostered (pageV,line52); triggered (pageV,line57); caused (pageV,line63); leased(pageVI,line78); devastated (pageVI,line95); intervened (pageVI,line100); joined (pageVI,page105);
included (pageVII,line8); displayed (pageVII,line18); named
(pageVIII,line53); headed (pageVIII,line55); gained (pageVIII,line60); critized
(pageVIII,line63); destroyed(pageVIII,line82); avoided(pageVIII,line91); donated (pageVIII,line101); covered (pageVIII,line117); responded (pageVIII,line128)
e. Suffix –tion/-ion
Emotion (page41,line8); regulation (page41,line19); distribution
(page41,line21); calculations (page41,line41); restrictions (page41,line59);
conclusion (page41,line68); division (page41,line78); corruption
(page41,line84); investigation (page41,line87); objection (page41,line101); situation (page42,line168); transportation (page43,line240); fluctuations (page43,line247); indication (page43,line253); manipulation
circumcision (pageVI,line167); generation (pageVII,line33); eviction (pageVIII,line89); instruction (pageVII,line22)
f. Suffix –ly
Clearly (page41,line17); finally (page41,line52); definitely (page41,line76); supply (page41,line104); luckily (page42,line54); hardly (page43,line228); actually (page43,line254); respectively (page43,line286); conversely
(page43,line290); pointedly (page56.line15); expensively (page56,line45); eventually (page56,line65); presently (page56,line82); gently (page56,line96);
practically (page56,line111); casually (page57,line113); surely
(page57,line126); lively (page57,line175); solemnly (page57,line176);
uniquely (page57,line181); constinuously (pageII,line30); nearly
(pageII,line35); possibly (pageIII,line63); especially (pageIII,line116),
intentionally (pageIII,line135); formly (pageIII,line141); slowly
(pageIIV,line153); relatively (pageIV,line179); mostly (pageVI,line113);
quickly (pageVI,line162); early (pageVIII,line103); daily (pageVIII,line113);
gradually (pageVIII,line133) g. Suffix –ful
Wonderful (page56,line75); meaningful (pageVI,line127) h. Suffix –ing
Meeting (page41,line29); anticipating (page 41,33); producing
(page42,line194); depending (page42,line213); running (page56,line1);
expecting (page56,line20); providing (page56,line74); feeding
(pageII,line30); passing (IV,line142); discovering (pageIV,line170); emphasizing (pageIV,line220)
i. Suffix –ment
Assignment (page41,line12); requirement (page41,line45); instrument (page41,line120); government (page41,line127); settlement (pageIV,line142); commitment (pageIII,line70); enrollment (pageIV,line144); development (pageVI,line164); environment (pageVII,line36)
j. Suffix –age
Marriage (pageV,line46)
k. Suffix –ce
Consequence (page41,line65); emergence (page43,line266); convenience
(page57,line122); tolerance (pageII,line37) l. Suffix –or/-ors
Speculators (page41,line77); regulators (page41,line85); cultivators (page43,line229); instructor (pageII,line41); auditor (pageIV,line169); ancestors (pageV,line43); perpetrators (pageIV,line87); visitors
(pageVI,line155); governor (pageVIII,line110) m. Suffix –ity
Affability (page56,line88); steady (page57,line143); fraternity
(page57,line201); diversity (pageII,line18); ethnicity (page III,line75); plurality (pageV,line34); hostility (pageV,line61); opportunity (pageVIII,line111)
Witness (page57,line142); o. Suffix -less
