chemicalengineeringresearchanddesign 109 (2016)65–75
ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirect
Chemical
Engineering
Research
and
Design
jo u r n al ho m e p a g e :w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / c h e r d
Experimental
and
modeling
studies
on
the
acid-catalyzed
conversion
of
inulin
to
5-hydroxymethylfurfural
in
water
B.A.
Fachri
a,b,
R.M.
Abdilla
a,
C.B.
Rasrendra
c,
H.J.
Heeres
a,∗aChemicalEngineeringDepartment,UniversityofGroningen,Nijenborgh4,9747AGGroningen,TheNetherlands bFacultyofEngineering,UniversityofJember,Kalimantan37,68121Jember,Indonesia
cChemicalEngineeringDepartment,InstitutTeknologiBandung,Ganesha10,Bandung40132,Indonesia
a
r
t
i
c
l
e
i
n
f
o
Articlehistory:
Received24February2015 Receivedinrevisedform26 December2015
Accepted5January2016 Availableonline11January2016
Keywords: Inulin Acid-catalysts
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Levulinicacid
a
b
s
t
r
a
c
t
Inulinisconsideredasanattractivefeedforthesynthesisof5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF), animportantbiobasedplatformchemicalwithhighapplicationpotential.Weherereporta systematicstudytooptimizetheHMFyieldfrominulininabatchreactorforreactions inwater usingsulphuricacidasthecatalyst.Thelatterwasselectedonthebasisofa screeningstudywithsevenorganic-andinorganicBrönstedacids(H2SO4,HNO3,H3PO4,
HCl,trifluoroaceticacid,maleicacidandfumaricacid).Theeffectofprocessconditions suchastemperature(160–184◦C),inulinloading(0.05–0.17g/mL),sulphuricacid
concen-tration(0.001–0.01M)andreactiontime(0–60min)onHMFandlevulinicacid(LA)yields weredeterminedexperimentallyandsubsequentlymodeledusingnon-linearmultivariable regression.ThehighestexperimentalHMFyieldwas39.5wt%(50.6mol%)andwasobtained at170◦C,aninulinloadingof0.17g/mL,asulphuricacidconcentrationof0.006Manda
reactiontimeof20min.AgreementbetweenexperimentsandmodelforbothHMFandLA yieldwasverysatisfactorily.
©2016TheInstitutionofChemicalEngineers.PublishedbyElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.
1.
Introduction
Biomass is a renewable source for bioenergy,biofuels and biobased chemicals and has attracted high interest in recent years (Hoogwijk et al., 2005; Demirbas, 2009; van Putten et al., 2013; Sheldon, 2014; Delidovich et al., 2014; Agirrezabal-Telleriaetal., 2014).For instance,biofuels have beencommercialized(bioethanolfromsugars,biodieselfrom plan oils) and are available on the market. However, sub-stantialresearchanddevelopmentactivitieswillberequired todevelop and commercialize efficientchemical processes for the production of a wide range of biobased chem-icals. Bozell and Petersen (2010) compiled a list of 12 biobased chemicals that have highest techno-economical potential(WerpyandPetersen,2004).Thetop12listincludes
∗ Correspondingauthor.Tel.:+31503634174;fax:+31503634479.
E-mailaddress:[email protected](H.J.Heeres).
5-hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),whichmaybeconvertedto versatilebuildingblocksforpolymerssuchas1,6-hexanediol (Buntaraetal.,2012),2,5-furandicarboxylicacid(Boisenetal., 2009)andfuel-additivessuchas2,5-dimethylfuran (Roman-Leshkovetal.,2007).
HMFistypicallyobtainedbyreactingC6sugarsinwater inthepresenceofaBrönstedacid(Barrettetal.,2006;Bicker etal.,2003;HuberandDumesic,2006;Cormaetal.,2007;Hu etal.,2008;Tongetal.,2010;Amirietal.,2010;vanPuttenetal., 2013;Choudharyetal.,2013;Agirrezabal-Telleriaetal.,2014; Wangetal.,2014).By-productsofthereactionarelevulinicacid andformicacid(Girisutaetal.,2008)andinsolublesknownas humins(vanZandvoortetal.,2013).Inwater,fructosegivesa maximumHMFyieldofaround55mol%,whereastheyields forglucose are less than10mol%.Higher HMF yieldsfrom
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cherd.2016.01.002
