ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Great thanks and praise to the Almighty Jesus Christ who has blessed and given the ability to the researcher to complete her thesis as the partial fulfillment of the requirements for degree of Sarjana Sastra at the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who always contributed and extended their valuable assistances in the preparation and completion of this thesis. The researcher’s special appreciation goes to:
Prof. Dr. Syawal Gultom, M.Pd., the Rector of State University of Medan. Dr. Isda Pramuniati, M.Hum., the Dean Faculty of Language and Arts,
State University of Medan.
Prof. Dr. Hj. Sumarsih, M.Pd., the Head of English and Literature Departmentand as her Thesis Examiners, Dra. Meisuri, M.A., the Secretary of English Department, Nora Ronita, S.Pd., S.S., M.Hum., the Head of English Education Program and Syamsul Bahri, S.S, M.Hum., the Head of English Non-Educational Program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, State University of Medan.
Drs. Muhammad Natsir, M.Hum, as her Thesis Supervisor.
Prof. Dr. Lince Sihombing, M.Pd and Drs. Lidiman Sahat Martua Butar, Chacha Butar Butar and Evita Butar Butar. And also given to her beloved cousin: Olivia Lumban Gaol.
All her beloved friends in English Literature A and B 2011, especially for her close friends in campus Eren Gultom, Bripda Henny Anggria, Lusi Manalu, Swari Fadhillah, Swarman Siahaan, Ucha Sinaga, Viatari Dipa Pencawan and others that cannot be mentioned all. Thanks for their support, kindness, great love and care to the researcher, also warm hearted encouragement friendship in finishing this thesis.
The people who direct or indirectly contributed in this study, your kindness means a lot to her.
Medan, December 2015 The Writer,
ABSTRACT
Damanik, Miranda Sari. Registration number 8136112056. Speech Function in Raditya Utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show. A Thesis. English Applied Linguistic Program, Post Graduate School. State University of Medan.2015.
ABSTRAK
Damanik, Miranda Sari. Nomor Induk Siswa 8136112056. Speech Function in Raditya Utterances in Stand Up Comedy Show. Sebuah Thesis. Linguistik Terapan Bahasa Inggris, Program Pasca Sarjana. Universitas Negeri Medan .2015.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER II. REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 Interpersonal Functions ... 11
2.1.1 Speech Function ... 13
2.1.2 Realization of Speech ... 18
2.1.3 Mood ... 22
3.3 The Instruments of Data Collection ... 44
3.4 The Technique of Data Collection ... 44
3.5 Technique of Data Analysis ... 44
3.6 The Trustworthiness of the Study ... 46
CHAPTER IV. DATA ANALYSIS, FINDINGS, AND DISCUSSION 4.1 DATA ANALYSIS...46
4.1.1.System network of Speech Functions used by Raditya Dika in Stand Up ComedyShow...46
4.1.2 The Realization of Speech Functions in Moods used by Raditya Dika...56
4.1.3 Reason for the Dominant Used of Speech Function...60
4.2 Findings...62
4.3 Discussion...66
CHAPTER V.CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1Conclusion...70
5.2 Suggestions ...71
References ... 72
List of Tables
Table 2.1: Giving or demanding, goods-&-services or information ... 13
Table 3.1. Summary of Technique for Establishing Trustworthiness ... 44
Table 4. 1.1.1 Initiating of Statement in The Discourses...50
Table 4.1.1.2.1 Initiating of Command in the discourses... ...52
Table 4.1.1.3.1 Initiating of Question... 53
Table 4.1.2.1. System Network of Speech Functions used in Raditya Dika utterances in Stand Up Commedy Show...54
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of The Study
Language is a device for comunication. A language basically functions to
convey utterances meaning of a person to another on, as stated by Halliday
(1994 ) that is to contrue human’s experience, to enact in social relationship and
to organize our ideas relevantly to the context. We use language to talk about our
experience of the world, including the worlds in our own minds, to describe
events and states and the entities involved in them. We also use language to
interact with other people, to establish and maintain relations with them, to
influence their behavior, to express our own viewpoint on things in the world, and
to elicit or change theirs. it can convey his feeling, opinion towards something
logically and sistematically either in written or spoken language. So the
information can be received by readers efectively. The readers and listeners are
involved in the context of situation where the language is used in order to the
message can be understood.
Stand up comedy is one of the situations where language is utilized.
According to Ramon Papana , stand comedy is an art comedy show, where the
comic perform in front of he audiences and speak directly to them. Furthermore
she adds that a comic ( the person who does stand up comedy ) tell a short funny
story ( we called it bit generally ), which is generally called by monologue
actionor routine comedy
monologue comedy that tell a funny story in front of the audience directly to
persuade the audience and then make them laugh. Stand up comedy is a single
comedy which uses a smart words related to soscial interaction and the action on
the stage (wahyudi :2014)( https://apostleadrianus.wordpress.com/2013/01/07/221-research-stand-up-comedy-apa-sih-itu/) ). In doing stand up comedy a comic is given a topic and he will develop the topic clause by clause so that a funny story
is created and then entertain the audience. The utterances of the comic in front of
the audience must be smart, simple and up date. A good comic can bring the
audience to the story and then finally entertain the audience. And the writer wants
to analize the utterances the comic from the inter personal function side. The
writer wants to analyze what type of speech function is dominantly used in
Comic’s utterances in stand up comedy show, how are the types of speech
function realized in Comic’s utterances in Stand up Comedy Show and why are
the different types of speech function used the way they are.
Since 2011 there have been many comics appearing and one of the most
popular comics is Raditya Dika. So the writer will analyze Raditya Dika’s
utterances. Raditya Dika is chosen because he is a fenomenal comic. Raditya Dika
is a writer, Comic,blogger, Director and an actor. Exactly on July 13th 2011,
Raditya Dika is followed Indonesia Stand up Comedy with his point of view
about Indonesan television.one thing that makes me want to write about him is not
because he is funny but because of his built critique .Although I laugh when I see
his comedy action. He gives the opinion that is in the mind of indonesian society
the fact which is happened. He critiques the performance of some bands,
advertisement, and then Indonesian film. Youtube gave him an appreciation for
his program Malam Minggu Miko which is stared and directed by him. This
program get million viewers in youtube and he is the only person in Indonesia that
get apreciation in youtube. Furthermore, all of his tweets in tweeter become
tending topic and he always get standing applause when he does stand up comedy.
This is in line with what Ningsih (2011) found in her research about interpersonal
function in Mario Teguh Golden ways that statement is the type of speech
function which is dominantly used in Mario Teguh’s Golden Ways and the types
of speech function realized by mood is dominantly expressed in “congruent
declarative” linguistically. It means that when Mario Teguh is doing monologe to
his audience he uses statements sentence mostly in his utterances.
Here is one example of utterance of the well-known motivator in Mario
Teguh Golden Ways which are mostly giving statement when motivating or doing
a monologue.
Dia akan segera melihat
Dia Akan Segera melihat
Subject Finite Predicator
MOOD RESIDUE
Mood : Subject ^ Finite = Declarative Speech Function : Statement
Markedness : Unmarked
Tuhan Tidak akan Mengubah nasib suatu kaum
Subject Finite Predicator
MOOD RESIDUE
Mood : Subject ^ Finite = Declarative Speech Function : Statement
Markedness : Unmarked
Kita membutuhkan yang benar
Kita Membutukan Yang benar
Subject Prediczto Complement
MOOD RESIDUE
Mood : Subject ^ Finite = Declarative Speech Function : Statement
Markedness : Unmarked
Yet, Raditya Dika in doing a monologue in Stand Up Comedy Show built
interpersonal function in various ways to maintain the story and even very often
uses question in his utterances to entertain the audience. Here is the example of
the dialogue transcript :
Discourse I = Stand Up Comedy on Aug 7, 2011 Episode 2 part 1 of 2
Sayang kamu kenapa sayang ?
Kenapa Sayang kamu?
Wh/complemet Finite Subject Complement
MOOD RESIDUE
Mood : Finite ^ Subject = Interrogative Speech Function : Question
Discourse II = Stand Up Comedy Raditya Dika 13 Juli 2011 – Part 1
Kenapa ginjalku berdarah?
Kenapa Ginjalku berdarah?
Wh/complemet Finite Subject Complement
MOOD RESIDUE
Mood : Finite ^ Subject = Interrogative Speech Function : Question
Markedness : Unmarked
Discourse III = Stand Up Comedy Show Metro TV (Desember 2011)
Itu kenapa laki-laki pada senyum banget situ ya?
Itu kenapa laki-laki pada senyum
banget situ ya?
Wh/complemet Finite Subject Complement
MOOD RESIDUE
Mood : Finite ^ Subject = Interrogative Speech Function : Question
Markedness : Unmarked
In entertaining the audience Raditya Dika does not always use statement
sentence in his utterances when doing a stand up comedy but he often uses
question sentence. Nevertheless According to Syamsudin dkk( 1997/1998:163)
monologue expression is a form of language or discourse either oral or written
which is not included in the area of conversation, question and answer, drama text
or film, another same text and interview
(http://warsiman.lecture.ub.ac.id/2014/05/analisis-wacana-monolog-sebuah-upaya-memahami-teori-merangkai-suatu-gagasan). From that statement is
concluded that in there is no question statement used in doing a monologue. But
show. The writer argues that raditya’s use of question in his utterances where he
is supposed to entertain the audience and to persuade the audience so that the
audience feel inside to his story. The writer also believes that there are other kinds
of interpersonal function used by Raditya Dika to maintain the monologue .Based
on the previous research by Ningsih ( 2011) and based on that phenomenon the
writer would like to find what system networks of speech function is dominantly
used by Raditya Dika’s utterances in stand up comedy and how are the system
networks of speech function realized in it by by employing Halliday’s theory of
metafunctions in Systemic Functional Grammar.
Systemic-Functional Grammar (SFG) grew out of the work of J.F. Firth
and was mainly developed by M.A.K. Halliday. It is a theory of language centered
on the notion of function. It attempts to account for the way language works in a
social and cultural setting. It sees language as a meaning potential that its users
draw upon to “construe physical and biological reality (including consciousness)”,
“enact social relations” and “bring into being a semiotic reality alongside the
physical, biological and social” (Halliday and Martin 1993: 27-28).
For Halliday, language is always a resource for making meaning, and that
language is used to serve a variety of different needs (Halliday and Webster,
2002). Firstly, language serves for the expression of “content”: that is, of the
language structure and language function speaker’s experience of the real world,
including the inner world of his own consciousness. We may call this the
ideational function, though it may be understood as easily in behavioral as in
structure to experience, and helps to determine our way of looking at things, so
that it requires some intellectual effort to see them in any other way than that
which our language suggests to us.
Secondly, language serves to establish and maintain social relations: for
the expression of social roles, which include the communication roles created by
language itself – for example the roles of questioner or respondent, which we take
on by asking or answering a question; and also for getting things done, by means
of the interaction between one person and another. Through this function, which
we may refer to as interpersonal, social groups are delimited, and the individual is
identified and reinforced, since by enabling him to interact with others language
also serves in the expression and development of his own personality.
Finally, language has to provide for making links with itself and with
features of the situation in which it is used. We may call this the textual function,
since this is what enables the speaker or writer to construct “texts”, or connected
passages of discourse that is situationally relevant; and enables the listener or
reader to distinguish a text from a random set of sentences. One aspect of the
textual function is the establishment of cohesive relations from one sentence to
another in a discourse (Hasan, 1996). Thus, from the explanation above we can
conclude that language cannot be separated from the context of culture, the
context of situation, and the verbal context.
As explained before this study will be focused on the function of language
used in sentences and clauses uttered by Raditya Dika, which especially centered
because the writer is wanted to know how a clause is relates to another in a clause
complex and to know how change information although stand up comedy is a
monologe context. The analysis will be seen through the interpersonal functions,
one of the components of metafunction found in functional grammar. In addition
the study focus on the interpersonal function in which language is used to enable
us to participate in communicative function with other people, to take role and to
express and understand feelings, attitudes and judgement. Analyzing Raditya
Dika’s utterances in Stand Up Comedy show is meant to find out the types of
speech function dominantly used, the speech function realized in moods and why
are the different types of speech function used the way they are.
1.2 The Problem of The Study
Based on the background stated above the problem of the study are
formulated as the following.
1. What are system networks of the speech function used in Raditya Dika’s
utterances in stand up comedy show ?
2. How are speech function realized in moods in Raditya Dika’s utterances in
stand up comedy show?
3. Why is the dominant system network of speech function realized in the
way it is ?
1.3 The Objectives of The Study
The objectives of the study are
1. to describe the system network of speech functions used in Raditya Dika’s
2. to investigate speech function realized in moods in Raditya Dika’s
utterances in stand up comedy show,and
3. to elaborate the reason dominant the system network of speech function
realized in the way it is.
1.4 The Scope of The Study
There are many aspects that can be discussed in connection with the study
of interpersonal functions. They can be studied in a wider scope in order to gain a
much better understanding. Even so, whatever it is a study should have a scope.
This study will be focused on the system network of speech functions and the
realization in the mood which occurred on the utterances. The study will be
focused in Raditya Dika’s utterances in Stand Up Commedy Show on Aug 7, 2011
Episode 2 part 1 of 2, Stand Up Comedy Raditya Dika 13 Juli 2011 – Part 1 and Stand Up
Comedy Show Metro TV (Desember 2011).
1.5 The Significance of The Study
The findings of the study are expected to offer theoritical and and practical
significance.
Theoritically, the findings will add up more horizons in thories of systemic
functional linguistic ( SFL ) and in addition the findings are useful for the next
Practically, the findings are expected to be relevant for the readers
especially whose jobs are related to constructing meaning interpersonally to dig
information from the interlocutors.
CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion
Language conveys interpersonal function where it is used to enable us to
participate in communicative acts with other people, to take on roles and to
express and understand feelings, attitudes, and judgements. This interpersonal
function pours out through communication or in the program of Stand Up
Comedy Show. After presenting the research findings inprevious chapter,
conclusions were drawn as follows.
(1) The system network of speech function which was dominantly used in
Raditya Dika’s utterances was in the form of “ statement “ which was
63.12 % which was information was the most list statement in raditya dika
utterances which was (58,7 %) and then followed by furry (10,58%),
disappointment was 7,16%, reason (6,82 % ), blame (3,75 %), clarification
( 3,34 %), Support ( 2,04 %),probability (1,02 %) and hope ( 0,68 % ).
And then followed by call (1,02 %) and greeting ( 6,20 %). The next
system network of speech functions dominantly used was question. There
were ( 28,73 % )127 clauses used by speaker. The dominant speech
function of question in the discourses was Wh-question which was 22.62
% and then followed by yes/no question which had 6.10 %. And the last
There ( 5.65 %) 25 clauses used by the speaker. the dominant speech
function of command was positive command which was 5.42 % and then
this research has found that Raditya Dika want to give detail information
to the audiences. Besides that it happened because the role of Raditya Dika
was as the speaker of the program. As a speaker Raditya Dika used
statement to express his ideas in a direct way to give information or
deliver messages to the audiences.
(2) There are three realizations of speech functions in moods, they are
declarative, interrogative and imperative.The system network of speech
function realized by mood was dominantly expressed in “ declarative
“which was 64.97 %. And then followed by interrogative mood 29.46 %.
And the last realization of speech functions was imperative. There were 5.80 % of imperative mood.
(3) The speech functions in initiating are realized as follows : statement
realized by declarative mood, question realized by interrogative mood and
command realized by imperative mood. The researcher conclude that
speech function refers to the verb in the sentence. It catagorizes in the
semantic term. Semantic term has realized in the lexicogrammar. Every
sentence has realized in the speech functionand also speech function in
emantics has realized in mood system in lexicogrammar. The conclusion is
a raditya dika utterances as the object of the study which realizes in the
speech function and mood. It coul be dominant using of speech function.
So that is the reason why speech function is dominant using in Raditya
5.2 Suggestions
After concluding the findings, suggestions were staged as the following.
(1) It is suggested to other researchers to carry out other study in other
specialized interpersonal functions such as Kick Andy, Sarah Sechan, or
Jokowi’s speech in order to rich investigation which related with
interpersonal function. And also it can give surprising progress in the
linguistic field.
(2) It is suggested to the next researcher to do a deeper research about
interpersonal function in different discourses in order to know the different
significant from the discourses and it can be more intensively described.
(3) This study will be relevant used by the learners to improve their ability to
understand and produce discourses which are effective in conveying
informations in order to make the learners become mastery in analyzing
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