i
AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL VALUES IN
E.M FORSTER’S
A PASSAGE TO INDIA
NOVEL
THESIS
By:
ELOK MEKARSARI
09360303
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
ii
AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL VALUES IN
E.M FORSTER’S
A PASSAGE TO INDIA
NOVEL
THESIS
This Thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in Education
By:
ELOK MEKARSARI
09360303
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
v
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
MOTTO
" Think first that what you wants to do before doing it Believe that God always listens and helps you"
DEDICATION:
I dedicated this thesis to
Allah SWT,
Lecturers,
My beloved Mother and Grand mom,
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
All praises be to Allah SWT, the Lord who has bestowed the blessing upon the writer in completing this thesis. Peace be upon our prophet Muhammad SAW, His families, His companion and His followers.
The writer’s appreciation goes to her first advisor Dr. Hartono, M.Pd, who had given her his time, his meaningful guidance in completing her thesis and supporting her to improve her English. Her deep gratitude also is presented for her second advisor Drs. Taufiq Burhan, M.Pd, for his valuable help, guidance, correction and suggestion for completing her thesis.
The great regard and gratitude are also given to her beloved mother, Lasinta, who always give her support, pray, finance. She is the hero in her life. And thanks to all her family and friends.
The Writer
viii
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Literature ... 5
2.4.2 Social Relationship ... 12
ix
2.4.5 A Passage to India by E.M Forster’s ... 19
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design ... 21
3.2 Approach ... 22
3.2.1 Mimetic Approach ... 22
3.2.2Pragmatic Approach ... 23
3.2.3 Expressive Approach ... 23
3.2.4 Objective Approach ... 23
3.3 Object of the Study... 24
3.4 Data Collection... 24
3.5 Data Analysis ... 25
CHAPTER IV: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS 4.1Findings ... 26
4.1.1 The Social Values Found in E.M Forster’s A Passage to India... 26
4.1.1.1 Humanity Values ... 26
4.1.1.2 Social Relationship Values ... 29
4.1.1.3 Family Relationship Values ... 31
4.1.2.1 Moral Values ... 32
4.1.2. The Implications of the Social Values to the Theme in E.M Forster;sA Passage to India ... 33
4.2 Discussions ... 34
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions ... 36
5.1.1 The Social Values found in E.M Forster’s A Passage to India... 36
5.1.2 The Implication of Social Values to the Theme in E.M Forster’s A Passage to India... 36
5.2 Suggestions ... 37
x
xi References
Abrams, M.H.1988. A Glossary of Literature Terms (Seventh Edition). U.S.A: Earl McPeek.
Ary,Donald.2002. Introduction to Research in Education (Sixth Edition).Belmonth: Wadsworth.
Clarke, Simon & Steve Garner. 2010. White Identities A Critical Sociological Approach. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Cuddon, J. A. 1999. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms And Literary Theory. Midlesex: Penguin Books
Eagleton, Terry. 2005. Literary Theory an Introduction Second Edition. Victoria: Blackwell Publishing.
Gale. 2002. A Passage to India E. M. Forster. BookRags, Inc.
http://www.definition of accommodation by Macmillan Dictionary.htm Klarer, Mario. 1999. An Introduction to Literary Studies. London: Routledge. Koesnosoebroto, SunaryoBasuki. 1988. The Anatomy of Prose Fiction. Jakarta:
ProyekPengembanganLembagaPendidikanTenagaPendididkan.
Marsh, Nicholas. 2002. How to Begin Studying English Literature, Third edition. New York: Palgrave Publishers Ltd (formerly Macmillan Press Ltd). Perry, Ralph Barton. 1999. General Theory of Value. London: Oxford University
Press.
Singleton, Ralph. & Millet, Stanton. 1966. An Introduction Literature. The World Publishing Company: New York.
Tischler, Henry L.2011. Introduction to Sociology Tenth Edition. Canada: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning.
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background of the Study
Literature is actually a reflection of life experience that includes
various aspects of both personal and social lives. People who know more
about literature will be able to understand about the humanity better because
they will have sensitivity toward life. There are many literary works
categorized as literature such as prose, poetry, and drama. There are two
instruments to express and describe the situation and the theme of a story.
There are two elements of literature namely extrinsic and intrinsic elements.
In prose and drama, extrinsic elements are social aspect, cultural aspect,
esthetical aspect etc., and intrinsic elements are plot, setting,
characterization, theme etc. (Klarer, 1999).
According to Newman (in Singleton and Millet: 1966: 573)
“Literature means the expression of thought in language. The “thought”
means the ideas, feelings, views, reasoning and other operations of the
human mind”. The “thought” is the most of basic human desire for human
pleasure, because from “thought”, they can feel many kinds of art that
includes literature inside in human life.
In this study, the writer takes one sort of literary works a novel as,
the object of this study. Novel is a kind of literary work. It is as a long or
extended work of fiction written in prose, usually in the form of a story.
structure. A novel is selected because it tells about the condition of the
society, in which value becomes the concept about what people think
important in life. Value also becomes a basis to reach a purpose in human‟s
social life. It means that to continue human‟s social life; people must fulfill
their social needs well according to the value that are agreed and held.
Therefore, every human‟s behavior should be suitable with the value in
order not to cause conflict continually.
Basically, social values are produced by social culture, especially the
element of social sense. Social values that are produced by social sense can
be stated generally as a relative belief to good and bad things, to right and
wrong things and to what should appear and disappear. (Trusted, 2002:
114)states that Social value is a less misleading term than „moral values‟
since the latter can imply that they transcend social custom (which they do
not) and that they are sacrosanct (which they are not).
The writer chooses A Passage to Indiawritten by E.M. Foster
because the story concerns the occupation of India by the British, and it is
the most political work of Forster‟s novels. He also wrote Howard’s End
and A Room with A View. During a trip to the Marabar Caves (modeled on
the Barabar Caves of Bihar), Adela accuses Aziz of attempting to assault
her. Aziz's trial, and its run-up and aftermath, express all the racial tensions
and prejudices between indigenous Indians and the British colonists who
rule India. By knowing the social values reflected in the novel, the readers
can use them in the real life. Based on the convincing reason above, the
India. Therefore, she intends to conduct a study untitled “An analysis of
Social Values in E.M. Forster‟s A Passage to India”.
1.2. Statements of the Problems
Based on the background of the study above, the writer formulates
the problems that will be investigated in this study as follows:
1. What social values are found in E.M. Forster‟s A Passage to India?
2. What are the implications of the social values to the theme of E.M.
Forster‟s A Passage to India?
1.3. Objectives of the Study
Related to the research problems stated above, the purposes of the
study are:
1. To find out the social values found in E.M. Forster‟s A Passage to
India.
2. To explain the implications of the social values to the theme of E.M.
Forster‟s A Passage to India.
1.4. Scope and Limitation
In the E.M Forster‟s A Passage to India, there are both negative and
positive social values. However in this study, the writer would like to focus
only on the positive social values found in the novel. More specifically, this
study concerns the social values between the main and minor characters and
focuses on the implication of those social values and the theme of the story.
In this case, the writer focuses on social values in the relationship between
Azis and his society. Besides, this study also focuses on analyzing the
implication of those social values found with the theme of the story.
1.5. Significance of the Study
The findings of the study are supposed to give contributions in the
area of literature, particularly in analyzing the social values in E.M.
Forster‟s A Passage to India. The writer hopes the findings of this study
also give contribution to students in studying literature, and the result of this
study will be useful as one of the examples in studying social values in a
novel. It is also expected to give some contributions to the readers to
understand and know more about social values.
1.6. Definition of the Key Terms
In order to give clear understanding of the study, the writer would
like to give the meaning to following essential terms:
1. Analysis is the way to analyze a work for giving a unity and
coherence to the whole.
2. Social value are the value that reflect the condition of one society,
they are humanity, social relationship, family relationship and moral.
3. Theme is the main idea that the writer expresses. Theme can also be
4. A Passage to India in this study refers to the story which concerns
the occupation of India by the British, and it is the most political of
