Performances and Meat Cholesterol Content of Fat Tail Sheep Fed Diets Supplemented with Sardinella Fish Oil Based Ca-soap Mixed with Herbal

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497 Proceeding of the 2nd_{International Seminar on Animal Industry | Jakarta, 5-6 July 2012}

Performances and Meat Cholesterol Content of Fat Tail Sheep Fed

Diets Supplemented with Sardinella Fish Oil Based

Ca-soap Mixed with Herbal

A. Sudarman* & D.A. Astuti

Department of Nutrition and Feed Technology Faculty of Animal Science, Bogor Agricultural University

Jl. Agatis, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor 16680, Indonesia *e-mail: a_sudarman@yahoo.com

Abstract

Previous results showed that sardinella fish oil based Ca-soap supplementaion at level a of 3.0% in ration reduced meat LDL cholesterol of lamb by 49% and improved feed utilization efficiency by 13%. However, sardinella fish oil based Ca-soap had bad fishy smell causing low palatability of feed and reduced feed intake. In Indonesian tradition, fishy smell is ussualy overcomed by applying herbal. This experiment aimed to elaborate herbal meal addition (ginger, turmeric, and beluntas leaf) into sardinella fish oil based Ca-soap in reducing its fishy smell, and subsequently improve its palatability. Sixteen male fat tail sheep were allocated into four experimental treatments with four replicates and arranged in a block randomized design. The experimental period lasted for 14 weeks and the animals had free access to feed (concentrate: native grass in ratio of 1:1) and water. At the end of experiment, two sheep from each treatment were slaughtered. The treatments were T0 (without herbal addition), T1 (with turmeric addition), T2 (with ginger addition), and T3 (with beluntas leaf addition). Herbal Ca-soap, at level of 3%, were mixed thoroughly with feed ingredients to produce concentrate diet. The variables measured were feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, blood triglicerides and meat cholesterol content. The results showed that addition of sardinella fish oil based Ca-soap mixed with herbal slightly reduced feed intake and daily gain, but improved feed efficiency utilization. Herbal addition reduced cholesterol, but increased triglicerides content of blood plasm. Herbal addition, except for beluntas leaf, also reduced cholesterol content of meat. It is concluded that sheep fed sardinella oil based Ca-soap with turmeric addition had better performance and lower cholesterol of meat.

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Introducton

Rumnant meat contans hgh saturated fatty acds (laurate, myrstate, and pal-mtate) that caused hgh cholesterol n the blood plasm (Grande, 1975). Substtu-ton saturated fatty acd wth polyunsaturated fatty acd could reduce total choles-terol, ncludng LDL-cholesterol (Marsc and Yodce, 1992). Lamb contans hgherLamb contans hgher cholesterol than beef, .e. 94 mg/100g vs 87 mg/100g. People that consumed food contanng hgh cholesterol can cause atherosclerosis leadng to coronary heart d-sesase. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acdsmega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acds(PUFA) can reduce rsk of atheroscle-ross (IGER, 2003). Source of PUFA contanng hgh omega-3 concentraton s fsh ol, e.g., from sardnella fsh. Sardnella fsh ol s easy to obtan n Indonesa. It s a waste product of fsh cannng ndustry spreaded out n eastern part of East Java Provnce.

Results of the prevous experment showed that feedng sardnella ol based showed that feedng sardnella ol based Ca-soap at level of 3.0% decreased LDL cholesterol of lamb by 49% (Sudarman

et al., 2008a_{) and feed utlzaton effcency ncreased by 13% (Sudarman}_{et al}_.,

2008b_{). Ths ndcates that lpd profle of lamb can be altered by feedng Ca-soap.}

However, feedng Ca-soap caused feed ntake to decrease. Ths was probably caused by bad fshy smell of Ca-soap causng the palatablty of det to decrease.

When cookng fsh materals n Indonesa, t s a tradton to add herbals to overcome the fshy smell. The herbals that are usually used are gnger (gnger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), turmerc (Curcumae domestica) and beluntas leaf (Pluchea indica

Less).

The objectve of ths experment was to evaluate the effects of herbal addton nto sardnella ol based Ca-soap on the reducton of ts fshy smell. Ths wll, subsequently, mprove palatablty of the det and performance of sheep, and reduce low cholesterol lamb.

Materals and methods

Sxteen male growng fat tal sheep (approx. 8 m.o.) were allocated nto four expermental dets wth four replcates and arranged n a block randomzed desgn.wth four replcates and arranged n a block randomzed desgn.and arranged n a block randomzed desgn.. They were reared n ndvdual cage for two months. Feed (concentrate : natve(concentrate : natve grass n rato of 1:1 dry matter base) were gvenwere gven ad libitum (110% of prevous day ntake) at 07.00 and 17.00. The anmals had free access to water. The ngredents ofhe anmals had free access to water. The ngredents of. The ngredents of concentrate were pollard, cassava wate meal, coconut meal, rce bran, palm kernel meal, soybean meal, molasses, CaCO₃, urea, and DCP. Nutrents composton basedomposton based on proxmate analyss was 16% crude proten, 5% of extract ether, 10% crude fber and totally had70% TDN.

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T1 + 3% Ca-soap wth beluntas leaf meal. Ca-soap complex was made based onCa-soap complex was made based on the method used n the prevous experment (Sudarman et al., 2008b_{) and the herbal}

were added before mxng wth other feed ngredents for makng concentrate. At the end of experment, blood samples from two sheep of each treatment were collected from jugular ven for analyzng cholesterol and trglcerde contents of blood plasm. Total cholesterol was measured by the CHOD-PAP method. Trglycerde determnatons were performed usng the GPO-PAP method. Subsequently, two. Subsequently, two sheep of each treatment were slaughtered for analyzng meat cholesterol content usng Leberman Burchard method (Klener and Dott, 1962)..

Data of sheep performances were subjected to Analyzes of Varance (ANOVA) and any dfferent means were further tested usng LSD (Steel and Torre, 1980). Other data were analyzed usng descrptve statstcs. The varables measured were dry matter ntake, weght gan, feed converson rato, blood plasm cholesterol and trglcerdes, and meat cholesterol content.

Results and dscussons

Range of ambent temperature and humudty durng the expermental study were 22.2-33.8 °C and 83.7-92.3%, respectvely.

Sheep Performances

Data of dry matter ntake, daly weght gan and feed converson rato (FCR) were shown n Table 1. Dry mattter ntake of sheep of all treatment groups were not sgnfcantly dfferent. Ths ndcated that herbal addton was not able to mprove the palatablty of feed added sardnella ol based Ca-soap. Intake of sheep n ths experment (4.0% BW vs 2.5% BW) was hgher than that of sheep n prevous results (Sudarman et al., 2008b_{). Ths dscrepancy was possbly due to the dfference}

n breed of sheep used. Prevous experment used thn tal sheep breed wth average body weght of 16.9 kg, whle the present experment used thck tal sheep breed

Table 1. Performance of sheep fed sardnella fsh ol base Ca-soap wth dfferent herbal addton ( ± SD)

Treatments Dry matter ntake (g/head/day)

Daly gan

(g/head/day) FCR

T0 1,080 ± 63 148 ± 26 7.44 ± 1.33

T1 1,058 ± 106 162 ± 21 6.60 ± 0.95

T2 1,021 ± 128 148 ± 41 7.14 ± 1.29

T3 1,041 ± 40 131 ± 15 8.02 ± 0.80

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wth average body weght of 25.2 kg. Daly weght gan of sheep of all treatment groups were also not sgnfcantly dfferent, but turmerc addton resulted n 9.5% daly gan hgher than that of control group. Feed utlzaton effcency (FCR) was slghtly better for those gven sardnella ol based Ca-soap added wth turmerc, eventhough t was not statstcally sgnfcantly dfferent.

Plasm Cholesterol and Triglicerides

Cholesterol and trglcerdes of blood plasm were presented n Table 2. Blood cholesterol of sheep fed Ca-soap wth herbal addton were slghtly lower than that of control group. Blood composton ncludng blood cholesterol was always n dy-namc condton. It s affected by type of feed ngested. Blood trglcerdes of sheep gven Ca-soal wth all herbal addton were consstently lower than that of control group.

Table 2. Blood cholesterol and and trglserdes of sheep fed sardnella fsh ol based Ca-soap wth dfferent herbal addton ( ± SD)

Note: T0 (basal det), T1 (T0 + turmerc), T2 (T0 + gnger), and T3 (T0 + beluntas leaf).

Fgure 1. Cholesterol contents of meat of sheep fed expermental dets: T0 (basal det), T1 (T0 + turmerc), T2 (T0 + gnger), and T3 (T0 + beluntas leaf) (T0 + gnger), and T3 (T0 + beluntas leaf)gnger), and T3 (T0 + beluntas leaf)

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Meat Cholesterol

Meat cholesterol contents of all groups are presented n Fgure 1. Gvngn Fgure 1. Gvng Ca-soap wth herbal addton nto det dd not consstently affect meat cholesterol content. Turmerc addton was able to reduce meat cholesterol better than wth the addton of other herbals. Prevous results (Sudarmanrevous results (Sudarman et al., 2008a_{) showed that}

addng sardnella ol based Ca-soap at level of 3% wthout herbal addton decreased LDL cholesterol of 49%.

Concluson

Herbal addton s not able to mprove palatablty of det supplemented wth Ca-soap fsh ol. Sheep fed sardnella ol based Ca-soap wth turmerc addton had better performance and lower cholesterol of meat.

Acknowledgement

We would lke to thanks to the Drectorate General of Hgher Educaton that provded the fnancal grant for conductng ths research.

References

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IGER (Insttute of Grassland and Envronmental Research). 2003. Healthy Beef.

http://www.seedsohealth.co.uk/articles/healthy_beef.shtml.

Klener, I.S. and L.B. Dott. 1962. Laboratory Instructon n Bochemstry. 6th_ed.

The C.V. Mosby Company, New York.

Marsc, V and R. Yodce. 1992. The Detary Role of Monounsaturates. INFORM, 3:681.

Steel, R.G.D. & J.H. Torre. 1980. Prncples and Procedures of Statstcs: A Bo-metrc Approach. McGraw-Hll Book Co. New York.

Sudarman, A., H. Nuraen and M. Muttakn. 2008and M. Muttakn. 2008a_{. Penambahan Sabun-kalsum}_{Penambahan Sabun-kalsum}

dar Mnyak Ikan Sardnella dalam Ransum: 2. Pengaruhnya terhadap Sfat Kma dan Fsk Dagng Domba. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veterner. 13: 133-139.

Sudarman, A., K. G. Wryawan and H. Markhamah. 2008d H. Markhamah. 2008b_{. Penambahan}