TATA CARA NEKROPSI TIKUS
dan PENGUJIAN PATOLOGI
Prof. Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto, Drh, MS, Ph D, APVet, Dipl. ACCM.
Kepala Divisi Patologi
Departemen Klinik, Reproduksi & Patologi (KRP)
Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan; Institut Pertanian Bogor
Profil
Prof. Bambang Pontjo Priosoeryanto, Drh, MS, Ph D, APVet, Dipl. ACCM.
Tempat/Tanggal lahir
:
Bandung, 28 Februari 1960
NIP
:
19600228 198601 1 001
Pangkat
:
Pembina Utama Madya/ Guru Besar
Golongan
:
IV/D
Jabatan
:
Kepala Divisi Patologi Veteriner
Fakultas
:
Kedokteran Hewan
Departemen
:
Klinik, Reproduksi & Patologi (KRP)
Divisi
:
Patologi Veteriner
Alamat Kantor
:
Jalan Agatis, Kampus IPB Darmaga, BOGOR
Telepon dan Faksimili
:
(0251) 8421807
–
kantor
:
bpontjo4@gmail.com
Strata
Tahun
Bidang
Tempat
S-1 (Drs. Med. Vet.)
1983
Kedokteran Hewan
Institut Pertanian Bogor
Dokter Hewan (Drh)
1984
Kedokteran Hewan
Institut Pertanian Bogor
S-2 (MS)
1990
Sains Veteriner
Institut Pertanian Bogor
S-3 (Ph.D)
1994
Pathology & Preventive Veterinary
Medicine
United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences,
Yamaguchi University, Japan
Post Doktoral
1999
Neuropathology of Prion Diseases
Institute for Neuropathology, Faculty of Medicine,
Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
Brevet
2009
Ahli Patologi Veteriner (APVet.)
Asosiasi Patologi Veteriner Indonesia (APVI)
2013
Diplomate Asian College Conservation
Medicine ( DACCM)
Asian College Conservation Medicine, Japan
Pemeriksaan Keadaan Luar
•
Tempatkan hewan dengan
punggung menempel pada
styrofoam
•
Fiksir tiap kakinya dengan jarum
pentul.
•
Basahi seluruh kulit dan bulu
bagian abdomen dan medial
kaki dengan alkohol
•
Buat sayatan di kulit sepanjang
linea alba, mulai dari ujung
dagu (regio mentalis) hingga ke
tepi anterior tulang pelvis
(pecten ossis pubis).
Pembukaan kulit
•
Kulit dipreparir hingga dapat
dikuakkan ke samping tubuh,
termasuk kulit di bagian atas
dari kaki-kaki.
•
Fiksir kulit dengan jarum
pentul
•
Sambil membuka kulit,
dilakukan pengamatan pada
subcutan
•
Otot perut (dinding abdomen)
digunting di linea alba,
dimulai dari ujung tulang
dada (processus xiphoideus)
hingga pecten ossis pubis.
•
Gunting otot perut dibawah
kurvatura tulang rusuk dan di
daerah sekitar paha, hingga
otot-otot perut dapat
dikuakkan ke kanan dan ke
kiri
•
Untuk lebih memudahkan
mengamati organ-organ
rongga perut, otot-otot perut
disingkirkan.
Pembukaan ruang
abdomen dan
pemeriksaan umum
Penis dikeluarkan bersama dengan kelenjar asesorius (gl. vecicularis, gl.
vesicula seminalis, gl. prostate, gl. bulbourethralis), vesica urinaria, urethra
dan penis. DD: Ductus deferens.
Kelenjar asesorius pada tikus jantan. P: gl. Prostate, GC: gl.
coagulationis, GV: gl. Vecicularis, GB: Gg. Bulbourethralis,
U: Urinary bladder.
Organ-organ di ruang abdomen dan pelvis tikus betina. R:
Rectum, OV: Ovarium, SP: Symphysis pelvina.
1.Tulang rusuk terakhir
dipotong ke depan
menuju arkus tulang
sternum
2.Pemotongan dilakukan
pada sisi kanan maupun
kiri, kemudian perlekatan
dengan difragma
dipreparir, sehingga
tulang sternum dan
sebagian tulang rusuk
berbentuk segitiga dapat
dibuang
CX: Cartilago xiphoidea. DI: Diaphragma.
Pengeluaran organ-organ rongga dada dalam satu
rangkaian: lidah, esophagus dan trakhea
•
Buat sayatan pada
kulit kepala tepat
dibagian tengah dan
berakhir sejajar
telinga
•
Buang kulit dan
otot-otot di bagian dorsal
dan kaudal kranium
Pemeriksaan
gl. Harderian
Pemeriksaan
hyphophysa
setelah otak
Pemeriksaan kelenjar ludah dan limfonodus. LNN: Lymph nodes.
GSL: gl. sublingualis. GSM: Gl. submaxillaris.
GLE: Gl. lacrimalis extraorbitalis. GP: Gl. parotis
GT: gl. Thyreoidea, L: Larynx, T: Trachea, M: Musculus masseter.
4
Submitting Multiple Sites
How To and How Not To Submit your Biopsy Specimens
DA Kamstock, DVM, DACVP, LL Debuse, EJ Ehrhart, DVM, DACVP, BE Powers, DVM, DACVP
Colorado State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory
3
Packaging
Routine tissue fixation = 1:10 tissue to neutral buffered formalin
For appropriate fixation, 0.5 – 1.0 cm tissue thickness is recommended
Bread loafing (incomplete parallel cuts at a minimum of 2cm apart) can be performed on large specimens (be sure to avoid complete transection or too many cuts which can both result in loss of tissue orientation!)
Specimens can be held to fix (at least 24 hours) at your clinic prior to sending to the lab to avoid shipping large volumes of formalin which can be expensive and increase the risk of leaking
2
Tissue Fixation
6
Denoting Margins
7
Other Things to Avoid
8
What Else Should I know?
It is important for you to realize that after all is said and done the pathologist typically evaluates 1 to 4, 5um thick sections from the entire specimen which is submitted (A).
Our staff and pathologists are here to assist you. If you have questions about how best to submit your sample or have questions regarding any other issues, please contact the lab -(970)-297-1281.
Additional information on the CSU-VDL can be found on the web at www.dlab.colostate.edu Visit Us!
1
Clinical Information
Please provide signalment and pertinent clinical information
Certain lesions occur more commonly in different species and certain breeds
Anatomical location of a lesion, as well as clinical appearance and progression, may also be critical information to allow your pathologist to provide you with the best possible diagnosis and/or differentials
If you have a specific question, are concerned about a possible disease process, or have a list of differentials you’d like to rule out, please indicate such.
Again, please make every effort to provide this necessary information in the designated areas on the CSU-VDL biopsy submission form. It will help us help you help your patients.
5
Endoscopic Biopsies
B. Large samples can be held and fixed at your clinic prior to submitting to the lab to help avoid shipping large volumes of formalin which may be costly and hazardous
B
C. This is an example of an ~20cm diameter mass lesion which was fixed at the clinic and subsequently sent to the lab in a plastic, labeled, zip lock bag devoid of any formalin. (bar = ~2.5 cm)
C
A. Incomplete parallel cuts at a minimum of 2cm apart (bread loafing) can be utilized to assist with appropriate tissue fixation for large specimens
A
Surgical Ink 1. Ink the area of interest
2. Be sure to ink prior to bread loafing (if needed) 3. Allow ink to begin drying before placing the specimen in formalin
Tagging
1. Used to indicate margins or for orientation 2. Use variable numbers and/or colors of suture 3. Provide a clear description on the
submission form denoting what the sutures indicate (i.e. one suture = cranial margin)
Tumor Bed Samples
1. Submission of samples from the post-surgical
bed 2. Any tumor in these specimens is evidence of remaining microscopic disease 3. Similar to
“submitting multiple sites”clearly label and submit each region individually
Formalin filled jars containing specimens should be placed in a plastic bag, box, or other container with absorbent material to absorb any leakage (A)
Paperwork should be placed in a separate plastic bag to avoid contact with formalin if leaking does occur. Such contact can result in altered and illegible paperwork (B)
Your fresh sample size should never be larger than the most narrow portion of the jar in which you are submitting it (C). If it is, this will require cutting plastic jars or breaking glass jars (undesirable) in order to retrieve the tissue which may become altered in the process.
YES
The optimal method by which to submit multiple lesions from a single animal is to submit each specimen individually in its own respective and appropriately labeled jar. This should be reflected on the submitted paperwork.
If multiple specimens are submitted in a single container (which is less ideal) there needs to be some method of tissue identification (i.e. suture) to denote specimens relative to respective anatomic site.
YES
suture
NO NO YES
Do not submit endoscopic biopsies wrapped in gauze sponges. Specimens may become lost or may be crushed during the attempted retrieval process. It is better to submit the specimen free floating in the jar than with gauze or any other material
The optimal method by which to submit an endoscopic biopsy is to place it in a screen cassette after which the cassette should be placed in an appropriately labeled formalin filled jar. If individual cassettes are labeled properly (sharpie or no2 pencil),
multiple cassettes can be place in one jar.
Do not place endoscopic biopsies on fragments of cardboard. Specimens will either float off or, if adhered, tissue will slough off during retrieval and/or may be associated with cardboard fibers
Please help keep our technicians fingers safe and DO NOT submit specimens with needles for any reason!
NO
NO
