iv
TESTIMONY
In this occasion, the writer states that there is no proposed work before in this
research to get the Bachelor Degree in a certain university and as long as the writer
knows that there is also no work or idea that have ever been written or published by
other people, except referred written in this research paper and mentioned in the
bibliography.
If it is proved that there is mistake in the writer’s statements above later in the
future, so he will be wholly responsible.
Surakarta, 11 July 2014 The Writer
BONIS BERNAS PAMBUDI
v MOTTO
“The are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a
miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle”
(Albert Einstein)
“ Things are never quite as scary when you’ve got a best friend.”
(Bill Watterson)
vi
DEDICATION
This research paper proudly dedicated to:
• My beloved Mom and Dad
• My beloved Sister
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4. Prof. Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum as the second consultant who already gave a large of help and motivation, guidance to improved on writing this research paper for her. You’re the best mom,
5. All lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta bu Vivi, pak Titis, bu Dewi, pak Giri, bu Susi, pak Maryadi, pak Totok, pak Nur, pak Abdillah, pak Azhari, bu Syahara, bu Laila, pak Joko, Almh bu Khuzaimah who have given her knowledge, support and experience, thanks for the useful knowledge and the wisdom,
6. Dalimin, S. Pd, M. Pd. as the headmaster of SMA N 2 Wonogiri for giving the writer permision to have research in his institution,
7. Bu Sri Sunari, as the English teacher of SMA N 2 Wonogiri for giving information and allowing the writer to observe the teaching learning proccess, thank you so much,
8. His lovely and precious Tunjung Pambudi as my beloved father and Susi Ratnasari Mulia Rosa as my beloved mother thanks a lot for praying, loving, motivating and supporting me,
9. His beloved sister “Dara Puspitasari” thank you so much for your time to make a funny time,
10.His dearest best friends, all the KUROWO Members, who always gives the joy and laughter when his feeling down, best regards for all the memory they have given as a part of ‘life while we are young’ moment
11.All of members of Solo Magic Community, who always support, help, and give nice experiences in my life,
12.All his friends in Department of English Education, his friends in V.O.G. His friends in Drama Performance and his friends in teaching apprentice,
13.His faithful partners who always gives hands and shares everything in doing and finishing this research, “Renanda, Febrianna, and Ditha Ayu” thank you so much, 14.All of the writer’s friend in English Department 2010 Academic Year. Thanks for
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15.All of her families, friends and teachers that cannot be mentioned one by one, who give support her a lot,
16.All of the members of THE NARRATOR, EDSO, And GEDSO, who teach me about organization.
Last but not least, those who cannot be mentioned one by one, who have supported him to finish the research paper and also to start his future.
The writer realizes that this research paper is still far from being perfect, so the writer welcomes any constructive comment, criticism, and suggestion from anyone. Finally, he hopes that this research paper would help the other researchers who are interested in studying translation and enrich the readers knowledge.
Waalamualaaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh.
Surakarta, July 2014
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SUMMARY
Bonis Bernas Pambudi. A320100302. INTERLANGUAGE ERRORS FOUND IN DESCRIPTIVE TEXT MADE BY STUDENT OF SMA N 2 WONOGIRI. Research Paper. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta. 2014.
This study aims to describe the learners’ error made by tenth grade students of SMA N 2 Wonogiri in their composition in writing descriptive text; to identify the types of lexical errors, syntactical errors, and discourse errors; to explain the frequency of each type of errors; and to describe the dominant type of errors. In collecting the data the writer uses elicitation technique. There are some steps that the researcher does in collecting data, they are: the writer enters the class, the writer asks the students to write descriptive text, the writer reads the composition made by students accurately, the writer marks the erroneous sentences, then the writer lists the erroneous sentence and classifies the data into all types of error. In analyzing the data, the writer uses James theory for classification of errors, and Etherton theory for the frequency of each type of error.
The result of the analysis is that the fifty two students’ compositional works produce 239 errors which are grouped into three main categories, namely: lexical errors, syntactical errors, and discourse errors. The three categories are then elaborated into components which have their own types those are omission and addition. The elaboration can be sited as follow: ‘Lexical Errors’ consists of 98 errors or 41% that cover ‘wrong spelling’ 88 errors or 36.82% and ‘use Indonesian word/ code switching’ 10 error or 4.2%.Syntactical Errors’ consists of 137 errors making up 57.32% covers ‘plural from omission of (-S) as plural marker’ with 29 errors or 12.13% of errors, ‘the use of verb tense from V1 Without (S) for Third Person in
Singular’ with 6 errors or 2.51%, ‘the use of verb from The Use of Ving in Present
Form’ with 15 errors or 5.02% , ‘the use of verb from wrong form of Vo’ with 10
errors or 4.2% , ‘BE from omission of BE as full verb’ with 35 errors or 14.64%, ‘BE from the wrong form of BE’ with 8 errors or 3.42%, ‘article from addition of article’ with 6 error or 2.51% of error, ‘article from omission of article’ with 16 errors or 6.7% of errors. Errors on discourse are made up of 4 errors or 1.67%. The error classified into one error, namely: discourse error from reference with 4 errors or 1.67%.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
page
COVER ... i
APPROVAL ... ii
ACCEPTENCE ... iii
TESTIMONY ... iv
MOTTO ... v
DEDICATION ... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT ... vii
SUMMARY ... x
TABLE OF CONTENT ... xi
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ... 1
A. Background of the Study ... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ... 3
C. Problem Statement ... 3
D. Objective of the Study ... 4
E. Benefit of the Study ... 4
xii
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ... 7
A. Previous Studies ... 7
B. Underlying Theory ... 13
1. Interlanguage ... 14
2. Error Analysis ... 14
a. Notion of Error Analysis ... 14
b. Pedagogical Purpose of Error Analysis ... 17
c. Different Error and Mistakes ... 17
d. Classification of Error ... 18
3. Notion of Lexical Categorie ... 29
4. Notion of Syntactical Categories ... 30
5. Sources of Errors ... 31
6. An English Text ... 33
a. Notion of Text ... 33
b. Types of Text ... 33
c. Notion of Descriptive Text ... 39
7. General Concepts of Descriptive Writing ... 42
8. General Concepts of Simple Present Tense ... 43
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHOD ... 48
A. Type of Reseacrh ... 48
B. Data and Data Source ... 48
xiii
D. Data Analysis Technique ... 50
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ... 52
A. Research Finding ... 52
1. Type of Lexical Errors ... 52
a. Wrong Spelling ... 53
b. The Use Indonesian Word ... 54
2. Type of Syntactical Error ... 55
a. Plural ... 55
b. The Use of Verb Tense ... 56
c. BE ... 60
d. Article ... 61
3.Type of Discourse Error ... 63
a. Reference... 63
4.The Frequency of Each Type of Errors ... 64
5.The Source of Error ... 67
a. Interlingual Transfer... 68
b. Intralingual Transfer... 69
B. Discussion ... 75
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION, SUGGESTION ... 79
A. Conclusion ... 79
B. Pedagogical Implication ... 81
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BIBLIOGRAPHY \
