TINJAUAN PERATURAN YANG MENDUKUNG PERWUJUDAN JALAN BERKELANJUTAN (REVIEW OF REGULA TIONS TOIMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE ROADS)

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TINJAUAN P E R A T U R A N Y A N G MENDUKUNG PERWUJUDAN

J A L A N B E R K E L A N J U T A N

(REVIEW O F R E G U L A TIONS T O I M P L E M E N T S U S T A I N A B L E R O A D S )

Greece Maria L awal at a

P u s a t P e n e l i t i a n d a n P e n g e m b a n g a n J a l a n d a n J e m b a t a n J l . A . H . N a s u t i o n 2 6 4 B a n d u n g

e - m a i l : g r e e c e . m a r i a @ p u s j a t a n . p u . g o . i d

D i t e r i m a : I S M a r e l 2 0 1 4 ; d i r e v i s i : 14 M e i 2 0 1 4 ; d i s e t u j u i : 3 0 M e i 2 0 1 4

ABSTRAK

Peraturan Perundang-Undangan mulai dari payung hukum Undang-Undang Dasar (UUD) 1945, Peraturan Pemerintah, telah menunjuk bahwa pelaksanaan pembangunan harus bersifat berkelanjutan. Permasalahan yang ada saat ini, kondisi lingkungan tidak semakin baik, terdapat komitmen Indonesia pada tahun 2009 untuk menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca, serta akan melaksanakan pembangunan secara berkelanjutan. Pembangunan berkelanjutan pada bidang jalan dan jembatan dapat diwujudkan dengan menerapkan prinsip dan kriteria-kriteria pembangunan jalan yang berkelanjutan. Untuk mengetahui implementasi pembangunan jalan berkelanjutan yang lebih terarah dan terukur maka dilakukan pengkajian peraturan perundang-undangan dengan cara studi literatur. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan dan mengidentifikasi kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan merekomendasikan kebijakan yang diperlukan untuk pembangunan berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Kebijakan yang dikumpulkan tersebut diperiksa maksud dan tujuan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip pembangunan jalan yang berkelanjutan. Kesesuaian Peraturan dan prinsip akan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Rua?ig lingkup peraturan perundang-undangan adalah Undang-Undang, Peraturan Pemerintah, Peraturan/Instruksi Presiden, Peraturan/Keputusan Menteri yang terkait dengan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hasil studi menunjukkan telah terdapat kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan perwujudan prinsip pembangunan jalan berkelanjutan. Prinsip-prinsip pembangunan jalan berkelanjutan

tersebut adalah selamat dan nyaman, partisipasi masyarakat, aspek ekonomi adalah ejisiensi, mobilitas, dan aksesibilitas, aspek lingkungan adalah emisi, sumber daya alam, dan habitat flora dan fauna. Kebijakan yang dicatat pada makalah ini menunjukkan ada dukungan terhadap perwujudan prinsip pembangunan jalan berkelanjutan. Rekomendasi kebijakan yang diperlukan adalah Peraturan Menteri untuk mendorong adanya penyelenggaraan jalan berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: prinsip, kriteria, peraturan, pembangunan, jalan berkelanjutan ABSTRACT

Regulation and Legislation such as Constitution 1945 and Government Regulation stated that implementation of development must be sustainable. The problems that existtoday, ihe environmental condition is not getting betier. And ihere was an Indonesia's commitment in 2009 to reduce green house gas emissions and a commitment to implement sustainable development. Sustainable development at road and hridge can he implemented by applying principles and criteiia of sustainable development, To faul oul the implementation of sustainable road development which is more jbcused and measurable, the paper studies related legislations in Indonesia. This paper aims to collect and identify policies relates to sustainable development policy and to recommend some necessary aetions far sustainable development in Indonesia. The legislations includes Laws, Government Regulalions, Presidential Regulation, Ministerial Regulation that related to sustainable development. Those regulations were examined the purposes in accordance with the principles of sustainable development. Regulatory Compliance and principles will be analyzed descriptively .. The study shows ihere has been a policy relaling to the realization of the principle of sustainable development. The principles of sustainable road development are safe and comfortable, public participation and econom'tc aspect which is efjiciency, mobility, and accessibility; environmental.aspects i.e. emissions, natural resources, and the habitats of flora and fauna. In other words, there are policies that support for realization of the principle of road

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sustainable development. However, other policies are needed such as Ministerial Regulations to encvurage the implementation of sustainable road development

Keywords: principles, crileria, regulations, construction, sustainable road

PENDAHULUAN P e r a t u r a n d a n P e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n m u l a i d a r i p a y u n g h u k u m U n d a n g - U n d a n g D a s a r ( U U D ) 1 9 4 5 , P a s a l 2 U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 3 8 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g J a l a n ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 4 ) . B e r d a s a r k a n u n d a n g - u n d a n g t e r s e b u t j a l a n h a r u s d i r e n c a n a k a n , d i b a n g u n , d i o p e r a s i k a n d a n d i p e l i h a r a d e n g a n m e n e r a p k a n p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p l i n g k u n g a n . R e n c a n a S t r a t e g i s K e m e n t e r i a n P e k e r j a a n U m u m 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 4 m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n h a r u s b e r s i f a t b e r k e l a n j u t a n . B e b e r a p a p e r a t u r a n ( P e d o m a n P r a S t u d i K e l a y a k a n J a l a n ( t e r d a p a t k a j i a n k e b i j a k a n t a t a r u a n g , t e k n i s , a s p e k l i n g k u n g a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n , e k o n o m i ) , P e d o m a n P e n y u s u n a n A n a l i s i s M e n g e n a i D a m p a k L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p ( A m d a l ) , P e d o m a n P e n g e l o l a a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p p a d a s a a t p e r e n c a n a a n , p e l a k s a n a a n , d a n p e m a n t a u a n ) t e l a h m e n u n j u k p u l a a g a r p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n h a r u s b e r k e l a n j u t a n a t a u b e r w a w a s a n l i n g k u n g a n . P e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d i m a k s u d k a n u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n k u a l i t a s l i n g k u n g a n y a n g s e m a k i n m e n u r u n t e l a h m e n g a n c a m k e l a n g s u n g a n h i d u p m a n u s i a d a n m a k h l u k h i d u p l a i n n y a . U n t u k m e n g i m p l e m e n t a s i k a n p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n l e b i h t e r a r a h d a n t e r u k u r m a k a d i l a k u k a n p e n g k a j i a n p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g -u n d a n g a n d e n g a n c a r a s t -u d i l i t e r a t -u r . P e n e l i t i - p e n e l i t i d a r i A m e r i k a , P r a n c i s , d a n A u s t r a l i a t e l a h m e n e t a p k a n k r i t e r i a - k r i t e r i a j a l a n y a n g b e r k e l a n j u t a n . K r i t e r i a - k r i t e r i a t e r s e b u t t e l a h d i t e r a p k a n s e c a r a w a j i b m e l a l u i p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n s e p e r t i d i P r a n c i s , s e d a n g k a n s e p e r t i d i A m e r i k a d a n A u s t r a l i a t i d a k m e w a j i b k a n a t a u h a n y a s u k a r e l a . T u j u a n d a r i k a j i a n i n i a d a l a h m e n g u m p u l k a n d a n m e n g i d e n t i f i k a s i k e b i j a k a n y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n m e r e k o m e n d a s i k a n k e b i j a k a n y a n g d i p e r l u k a n u n t u k p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d i I n d o n e s i a . K A J I A N P U S T A K A Identifikasi peraturan U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 1 2 T a h u n 2 0 1 1 ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 1 1 ) t e n t a n g P e m b e n t u k a n P e r a t u r a n P e r u n d a n g a n m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n m e m i l i k i h i e r a r k i ( b e r j e n j a n g ) . P e r a t u r a n p e r t a m a y a n g m e m i l i k i k e k u a t a n h u k u m t e r b e s a r h i n g g a s e t e r u s n y a m e n g e c i l a d a l a h U n d a n g - U n d a n g D a s a r N e g a r a R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a T a h u n 1 9 4 5 , K e t e t a p a n M a j e l i s P e r m u s y a w a r a t a n R a k y a t , U n d a n g - U n d a n g , P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h , P e r a t u r a n P r e s i d e n , d a n P e r a t u r a n D a e r a h . S k e m a h i e r a r k i p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g a n d a p a t d i l i h a t p a d a G a m b a r 1 . D a l a m m e w u j u d k a n p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n t e r s e b u t m e m b u t u h k a n p e r a t u r a n p e n d u k u n g p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n , t e r l i h a t b a h w a d u k u n g a n t e r h a d a p p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n h a r u s a d a d a r i t i n g k a t n a s i o n a l h i n g g a t i n g k a t d a e r a h . N a m u n p a d a m a k a l a h i n i i d e n t i f i k a s i h a n y a d i l a k u k a n s a m p a i d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n p e l a k s a n a P r e s i d e n s e p e r t i P e r a t u r a n M e n t e r i . H a l i n i d i s e b a b k a n k a r e n a p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n p e r a t u r a n y a n g h a r u s d i t e r a p k a n s e c a r a n a s i o n a l . S e d a n g k a n P e r a t u r a n d a e r a h m e r u p a k a n p e r a t u r a n y a n g d i l a k s a n a k a n s e c a r a l o k a l .

14 Tinjauan Peraturan yang Mendukung Pewujudan Jalan

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Gambar 1. H i e r a r k i P e r a t u r a n P e r u n d a n g - U n d a n g a n ( U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 12 T a h u n 2 0 1 1 )

Pembangunan jalan berkelanjutan

T e r m i n o l o g i b e r k e l a n j u t a n k a d a n g d i d e f i n i s i k a n s e c a r a s e m p i t . D a l a m p e r k e m b a n g a n n y a , b e r k e l a n j u t a n d i d e f i n i s i k a n l e b i h l u a s . B e r i k u t i n i b e b e r a p a d e f i n i s i p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . - B r u n d t l a n d C o m m i s i o n p a d a t a h u n 1 9 8 7 y a i t u m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n s a a t i n i t a n p a m e n g g a n g g u k e b u t u h a n d i m a s a m e n d a t a n g . - P e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n y a n g b e r k e l a n j u t a n

m e n u r u t E u r o p e a n Union Road Federation

and I R F and B r u s s e l s Programme Centre

( 2 0 0 9 ) a d a l a h j a l a n y a n g d i r e n c a n a k a n s e c a r a e f e k t i f d a n e f i s i e n , d i r a n c a n g , d i b a n g u n , d i o p e r a s i k a n , d i t i n g k a t k a n d a n d i p e l i h a r a d e n g a n m a k s u d m e n y e d i a k a n m o b i l i t a s d a n k e s e l a m a t a n . P e n y e l e n g g a r a a n i n i p e r l u m e m p e r t i m b a n g k a n l i n g k u n g a n , s o s i a l , e k o n o m i . D a r i a s p e k s o s i a l , j a l a n h a r u s m e m e n u h i k e b u t u h a n m o b i l i t a s , k e s e l a m a t a n , a k s e s i b i l i t a s , D a r i a s p e k e k o n o m i , j a l a n h a r u s b e r b i a y a e f e k t i f (cost-effective) d a n s e c a r a m e n e r u s b e r u b a h t e r h a d a p k e b u t u h a n . - D e f i n i s i b e r k e l a n j u t a n m e n u r u t Australian

Asphalt Pavement Associaton ( 2 0 1 3 ) a d a l a h

m e n i n g k a t k a n k u a l i t a s h i d u p m a n u s i a d a l a m m e n j a g a k a p a s i t a s y a n g m e n d u k u n g e k o s i s t e m . - P e m e r i n t a h R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a ( R I ) d a l a m U U N o . 3 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 9 ) m e n y a t a k a n b a h w a p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n a d a l a h u p a y a s a d a r d a n t e r e n c a n a y a n g m e m a d u k a n a s p e k l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p , s o s i a l , d a n e k o n o m i k e d a l a m s t r a t e g i p e m b a n g u n a n u n t u k m e n j a m i n k e u t u h a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p s e r t a k e s e l a m a t a n , k e m a m p u a n , k e s e j a h t e r a a n , d a n m u t u h i d u p g e n e r a s i m a s a k i n i d a n g e n e r a s i m a s a d e p a n . P e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n b e r m u l a d a r i g e r a k a n k e s e p a k a t a n u n t u k m e n s t a b i l k a n k o n s e n t r a s i G a s R u m a h K a c a ( G R K ) p a d a K o n v e n s i P e r u b a h a n I k l i m t a h u n 1 9 9 2 . N e g a r a -n e g a r a y a -n g t e l a h m e r a t i f i k a s i k o -n v e -n s i i -n i h a r u s b e r u p a y a m e n e k a n l a j u p e n i n g k a t a n e m i s i G R K d i d a l a m n e g e r i m a s i n g - m a s i n g . P e n g a t u r a n y a n g u m u m i n i d i i k u t i d e n g a n K o n v e n s i y a n g m e n g e l u a r k a n P r o t o k o l K y o t o t a h u n 1 9 9 7 . P r o t o k o l K y o t o m e m i n t a s e m u a n e g a r a m e n g a t u r e m i s i G R K a k i b a t k e g i a t a n m a n u s i a a g a r k o n s e n t r a s i G R K d i a t m o s f e r s t a b i l d a n t i d a k m e m b a h a y a k a n s i s t e m i k l i m b u m i ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 4 b ) .

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I n d o n e s i a t e r m a s u k n e g a r a y a n g s e p a k a t d a l a m K o n v e n s i P e r u b a h a n I k l i m . H a l i n i d i t e g a s k a n d a l a m p e n y u s u n a n U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 6 T a h u n 1 9 9 4 t e n t a n g P e n g e s a h a n K o n v e n s i K e r a n g k a K e r j a P e r s e r i k a t a n B a n g s a -B a n g s a t e n t a n g P e r u b a h a n I k l i m . P e r u b a h a n i k l i m d i s a d a r i m e m b e r i p e n g a r u h y a n g m e r u g i k a n s e h i n g g a h a r u s d i k e n d a l i k a n . T e r u t a m a , I n d o n e s i a m e r u p a k a n n e g a r a k e p u l a u a n y a n g m e m p u n y a i g a r i s p a n t a i t e r p a n j a n g k e d u a d a n p e m i l i k h u t a n t e r l u a s k e d u a d i d u n i a s a n g a t r e n t a n t e r h a d a p d a m p a k p e r u b a h a n i k l i m , t e r m a s u k n a i k n y a p e r m u k a a n l a u t ( U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 ) . D e n g a n a d a n y a p e n g e s a h a n K o n v e n s i P e r u b a h a n I k l i m d e n g a n U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 6 T a h u n 1 9 9 4 ( I n d o n e s i a 1 9 9 4 ) d a n p e n g e s a h a n P r o t o k o l K y o t o d e n g a n U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 4 b ) m a k a d a p a t d i k a t a k a n b a h w a K o n v e n s i d a n P r o t o k o l K y o t o m e n j a d i h u k u m y a n g b e r l a k u d i T n d o n e s i a . H a l i n i t e r b u k t i p u l a d e n g a n a d a n y a U n d a n g -U n d a n g N o . 3 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 t e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n P e n g e l o l a a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p y a n g m e m p e r k u a t u p a y a t e r k a i t p e r u b a h a n i k l i m d a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . D a l a m U U D 1 9 4 5 p a d a p a s a l 3 3 a y a t k e -4 , d i s e b u t k a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n m e r u p a k a n p r i n s i p p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n e k o n o m i . P e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n t e r s e b u t d i t u r u n k a n d a l a m b e b e r a p a p e r a t u r a n U n d a n g -U n d a n g . -U n d a n g - -U n d a n g N o . 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 7 ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 7 ) m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p e m b a n g u n a n d i I n d o n e s i a t a h u n 2 0 0 5 s a m p a i d e n g a n 2 0 2 5 h a r u s m e w u j u d k a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . T e r c e r m i n p u l a d a r i p e n e r b i t a n p e r a t u r a n l a i n n y a y a n g d i t u n j u k k a n p a d a T a b e l 1 , m e n g a r a h p a d a p e r w u j u d a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n k e c u a l i p a d a U n d a n g - U n d a n g J a l a n y a n g d i t e r b i t k a n p a d a t a h u n 2 0 0 4 , m e n u n j u k k a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n y a n g s e l a r a s , s e i m b a n g , d a n b e r k e a d i l a n . S i f a t - s i f a t t e r s e b u t m e r u p a k a n c i r i d a r i p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n d i I n d o n e s i a t e l a h s e l a r a s d e n g a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n y a n g b e r k e l a n j u t a n . Tabel 1. H u b u n g a n P e m b a n g u n a n B e r k e l a n j u t a n d e n g a n P e r a t u r a n P e r a t u r a n 1 . U U D 4 5 P a s a l 3 3 ( 4 ) 2 . U U N o 1 7 T a h u n 2 0 0 7 t e n t a n g R e n c a n a P e m b a n g u n a n J a n g k a p a n j a n g N a s i o n a l K e t e r a n g a n P e r e k o n o m i a n n a s i o n a l d i s e l e n g g a r a k a n b e r d a s a r a t a s d e m o k r a s i e k o n o m i d e n g a n p r i n s i p k e b e r s a m a a n , e f i s i e n s i b e r k e a d i l a n , b e r k e l a n j u t a n , b e r w a w a s a n l i n g k u n g a n , k e m a n d i r i a n , s e r t a d e n g a n m e n j a g a k e s e i m b a n g a n k e m a j u a n d a n k e s a t u a n e k o n o m i n a s i o n a l ( a m a n d e m e n k e - 4 ) P e n j e l a s a n , s a l a b s a t u t u j u a n p e n e t a p a n U U R P J P N a s i o n a l 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 2 5 a d a l a h m e n j a m i n t e r c a p a i n y a p e n g g u n a a n s u m b e r d a y a s e c a r a e f i s i e n , e f e k t i f , b e r k e a d i l a n d a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n , s e r t a m e n g o p t i m a l k a n p a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a t 3 . U U N 0 . 3 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n P e n g e l o l a a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p P a s a l 3, a y a t ( i ) P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p b e r t u j u a n m e w u j u d k a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . 4 . U U N o . 2 6 T a h u n 2 0 0 7 t e n t a n g P e n a t a a n R u a n g P a s a l 2 , P e n a t a a n r u a n g d i d a s a r k a n a s a s : k e t e r p a d u a n , k e s e r a s i a n , k e s e l a r a s a n , d a n k e s e i m b a n g a n , k c b c r l a n j u t a n , k e b e r d a y a g u n a a n , d a n k e b e r h a s i l g u n a a a , p e r l i n d u n g a n k e p e n t i n g a n h u k u m , k e p a s t i a n h u k u m d a n k e a d i l a n , d a n a k u n t a b i l i t a s . 5 . U U N o . 3 8 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g J a l a n P a s a l 2 , S a l a h s a t u d a s a r p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n a d a l a h a s a s k e a m a n a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n , k e s e r a s i a n , k e s e l a r a s a n d a n k e s e i m b a n g a n , k e a d i l a n .

16 Tinjauan Peraturan yang Mendukung Perwujudan Jalan

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Kriteria pembangunan jalan berkelanjutan K o n s e p - k o n s e p r e n c a n a y a n g b e r k e l a n j u t a n , p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n , s e r t a t r a n s p o r t a s i y a n g b e r k e l a n j u t a n p a d a s a a t i n i s e d a n g m e n g a l a m i p e r k e m b a n g a n y a n g s a n g a t p e s a t ( L i t m a n 2 0 0 6 ) . D e m i k i a n p u l a d e n g a n k r i t e r i a p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n t u r u t b e r k e m b a n g p e s a t s e s u a i d e n g a n p e r k e m b a n g a n d e f i n i s i n y a . T a b e l 2 m e n u n j u k k a n k r i t e r i a - k r i t e r i a p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d a r i b e b e r a p a l i t e r a t u r . T e r l i h a t b a h w a k r i t e r i a - k r i t e r i a t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i k e l o m p o k k a n s e s u a i d e n g a n a s p e k p e n d u k u n g p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n y a i t u : s o s i a l , l i n g k u n g a n , d a n e k o n o m i . L a w a l a t a ( 2 0 1 3 ) , L i t m a n ( 2 0 0 6 ) , m e n y e b u t k a n p r i n s i p -p r i n s i -p -p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d i k e l o m p o k k a n m e n u r u t a s p e k s o s i a l , e k o n o m i , d a n l i n g k u n g a n . P r i n s i p - p r i n s i p t e r s e b u t d i t u n j u k k a n p a d a T a b e l 3 . P r i n s i p - p r i n s i p t e r s e b u t d i s a n d i n g k a n d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n y a n g a d a d i I n d o n e s i a . P e r a t u r a n y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p p a d a a s p e k s o s i a l . T a b e l 4 s a m p a i d e n g a n T a b e l 6 m e n u n j u k k a n p r i n s i p -p r i n s i -p -p a d a a s -p e k - a s -p e k s o s i a l , e k o n o m i , d a n l i n g k u n g a n y a n g d i k a i t k a n d e n g a n p e r a t u r a n . D a r i T a b e l 4 t e r l i h a t b a h w a d u k u n g a n p e r a t u r a n t e r h a d a p j a l a n y a n g h a r u s m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a s e l a m a t t e l a h t e r s e d i a s e b a g a i s t a n d a r p e l a y a n a n m i n i m a l d a n l a i k f u n g s i j a l a n . D e m i k i a n p u l a d e n g a n p r i n s i p a d a n y a p a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a t d a l a m p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n . H a l i n i t e l a h d i a t u r s e c a r a j e l a s d a l a m p e r a t u r a n . N a m u n d u k u n g a n t e r h a d a p k e n y a m a n a n p e n g g u n a j a l a n b e l u m t e r l i h a t j e l a s . K e n y a m a n a n y a n g d i d u k u n g p e r a t u r a n a d a l a h p e n a n a m a n p o h o n y a n g m e l i p u t i e s t e t i k a d a n p o h o n s e b a g a i p e n e d u h . T a b e l 2. K r i t e r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n

Literatur Kriteria Jalan Berkelanjutan

E u r o p e a n Union Road Federationcmd I R F and B r u s s e l s Programme Centre

( 1 ) m o b i l i t a s , ( 2 ) k e s e l a m a t a n , ( 3 ) a k s e s i b i l i t a s , ( 4 ) b e r b i a y a e f e k t i f (cost-ejjective) ( 5 ) d a p a t b e r u b a h sesuai k e b u t u h a n ( E R F I R F B P C 2 0 0 9 ) . S i s t e m p e m e r i n g k a t a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n G r e e n r o a d s ( 1 ) l i n g k u n g a n d a n k c a i r a n , ( 2 ) akses d a n k e s e t a r a a n , ( 3 ) k e g i a t a n k o n s t r u k s i , ( 4 ) m a t e r i a l d a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m , ( 5 ) t e k n o l o g i p e r k e r a s a n ( M u e n c h 2 0 1 1 ) . S i s t e m p e m e r i n g k a t a n I N V E S T

Untegrated VicRoads Environmentai Sustainability Tool) d a r i A u s t r a l i a ( 1 ) p e r u b a h a n p e r i l a k u d a n p e n i n g k a t a n k e m a m p u a n , ( 2 ) b u d a y a d a n sejarah, ( 3 ) p a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a t , ( 4 ) p e n g a t u r a n e n e r g i , ( 5 ) p e r a n c a n g a n j a l a n , ( 6 ) p e r a n c a n g a n k o t a , ( 7 ) k u a l i t a s udara, ( 8 ) k e a n e k a r a g a m a n h a y a t i , ( 9 ) p e n g a t u r a n k e b i s i n g a n , ( 1 0 ) p e n g a t u r a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m , ( 1 1 ) p e n g a t u r a n k e a i r a n ( V i c R o a d s 2 0 1 1 ) . S i s t e m p e m e r i n g k a t a n I - L A S T

(Illinois-Livabfe and Sustainable Transportation Rating System) d a r i N e g a r a B a g i a n I l l i n o i s A m e r i k a ( 1 ) P e r e n c a n a a n s o l u s i s e n s i t i v e d a n l a l a g u n a l a h a n , ( 2 ) p e r a n e a n g a n - p e m i l i h a n a l i n y e m e n ( 3 ) t r a n s p o r t a s i , ( 4 ) i n g k u n g a n , ( 5 ) k u a l i t a s air, ( 6 ) p e n e r a n g a n , ( 7 ) m a t e r i a l , ( 8 ) i n o v a s i ( I l l i n o i s D O T , 2 0 1 0 ) T a b e l 3 . P r i n s i p - p r i n s i p p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n A s p e k P r i n s i p S o s i a l S e l a m a t d a n n y a m a n , P a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a t E k o n o m i E f i s i e n s i , M o b i l i t a s A k s e s i b i l i t a s L i n g k u n g a n B m i s i , S u m b e r d a y a a l a m , H a b i t a t f l o r a d a n f a u n a

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T a b e l 4 . K e l o m p o k k r i L c r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d a n p e r a t u r a n pada a s p e k s o s i a l

Prinsip Peraturan Keterangan

U U N o . 3 8 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g J a l a n , P a s a l 2 P e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n b e r d a s a r k a n p a d a a s a s k e m a n f a a t a n , k e a m a n a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n , k e s e r a s i a n , ( d i a m b i l s e b a g i a n ) K e s e l a m a t a n d a n K e n y a m a n a n P P N o . 3 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 6 T e n t a n g J a l a n , P a s a l 1 2 , A y a t 2 , P e r s y a r a t a n t e k n i s j a l a n h a r u s m e m e n u h i k e t e n t u a n k e s e l a m a t a n , P a s a l 1 1 2 , A y a t 2 , S t a n d a r p e l a y a n a n m i n i m a l j a r i n g a n j a l a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d p a d a a y a t ( 1 ) m e l i p u t i a k s e s i b i l i t a s , m o b i l i t a s d a n k e s e l a m a t a n . K e s e l a m a t a n d a n K e n y a m a n a n I n s t r u k s i P r e s i d e n N o . 4 T a h u n 2 0 1 3 T e n t a n g P r o g r a m D e k a d e A k s i K e s e l a m a t a n J a l a n P e n y e d i a a n i n f r a s t r u k u r y a n g s e l a m a t o l e h M e n t e r i P U P e r m e n P U N o . l l / P R T / M / 2 0 1 0 T e n t a n g T a t a C a r a d a n P e r s y a r a t a n L a i k F u n g s i J a l a n , P a s a l 2 A y a t 2 , P e n y e d i a a n j a l a n y a n g m e m e n u h i k e t e n t u a n k e s e l a m a t a n , k e l a n c a r a n , e k o n o m i s , d a n r a m a h l i n g k u n g a n . P e r m e n P U N o . 0 5 / P R T / M / 2 0 1 2 T e n t a n g P e d o m a n P e n a n a m a n P o h o n P a d a S i s t e m J a r i n g a n J a l a n , P a s a l 2 M e n i n g k a t k a n f u n g s i j a l u r t a n a m a n p a d a R U M I J A s e h i n g g a m e n c i p t a k a n s u a s a n a l i n g k u n g a n s e p a n j a n g j a l a n y a n g l e b i h n y a m a n , i n d a h , d a n a m a n . U U N o . 3 8 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 T e n t a n g J a l a n , P a s a l 6 2 M a s y a r a k a t b e r h a k m e m b e r i m a s u k a n , b e r p e r a n s e r t a , m e m p e r o l e h m a n f a a t d a n i n f o r m a s i t e n t a n g p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n ( a y a t a , b , c , d ) P P N o . 3 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 6 T e n t a n g J a l a n , P a s a l 69 A y a t d , p a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a t s e c a r a o p t i m a l P a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a l P e r m e n P U N o . 1 0 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e n e t a p a n J e n i s R e n c a n a U s a h a d a n ' a r a u K e g i a t a n B i d a n g P e k e r j a a n U m u m Y a n g W a j i b D i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n U K L - U P L , L a m p i r a n P e n y u s u n a n U K L / U P L u n t u k p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n / p e n i n g k a t a n j a l a n d e n g a n k e g i a t a n p e n g a d a a n t a n a h t e r t e n t u . P e r u b a h a n b e n t u k l a h a n , s e r t a p e n g a r u h n y a t e r h a d a p l i n g k u n g a n fisik k i m i a , b i o l o g i s o s c k b u d m a s y a r a k a t y a n g m e n i m b u l k a n g a n g g u a n l a l u l i n t a s k e m a c e t a n l a l u l i n t a s , k e b i s i n g a n , e m i s i g a s b u a n g , b e r k u r a n g n y a k e a n e k a r a g a m a n h a y a t i , s e r t a g a n g g u a n e s t e t i k a l i n g k u n g a n . P e r m e n P U N o . 0 1 / F R T / M / 2 0 1 2 T e n t a n g P e d o m a n P e r a n M a s y a r a k a l D a l a m P e n y e l e n g g a r a a n J a l a n , P a s a l 4 a y a t 1 , d a l a m p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n , m a s y a r a k a t d a p a t b e r p e r a n p a d a s e t i a p t a h a p a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n y a n g d i l a k s a n a k a n o l e h P e n y e l e n g g a r a J a l a n . P e r a t u r a n y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p r i n s i p -p r i n s i -p -p a d a a s -p e k e k o n o m i y a n g d i t u n j u k k a n p a d a T a b e l 5 . P a d a T a b e l t e r s e b u t t e r l i h a t s e b a g i a n p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p t e l a h t e r s e d i a d a r i t i n g k a t U n d a n g - U n d a n g s a m p a i d e n g a n P e r a t u r a n M e n t e r i . P r i n s i p e f i s i e n s i d i j e l a s k a n d e n g a n k e t e n t u a n m a n f a a t e k o n o m i u n t u k p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n . K e e k o n o m i s a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n d i t u n j u k k a n d e n g a n p r o s e s p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n d e n g a n s i s t e m m a n a j e m e n m u t u . N a m u n s a m p a i s e j a u h m a n a p e l a k s a n a a n p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n y a n g e f i s i e n s e h i n g g a t e r c a p a i m a n f a a t b a g i m a s y a r a k a t m a s i h p e r l u p e n j e l a s a n . P r i n s i p m o b i l i t a s d a n a k s e s i b i l i t a s p a d a j a l a n b c r k c l a n j u t a n d a p a t m e n y e d i a k a n k e l a n c a r a n p e r j a l a n a n p e n g g u n a j a l a n . D e n g a n a d a n y a k e l a n c a r a n i n i m a k a a d a p e n g h e m a t a n b i a y a p e r j a l a n a n . P r i n s i p k e s e d i a a n m o b i l i t a s d a n a k s e s i b i l i t a s t e l a h j e l a s d i d u k u n g p e r a t u r a n p e r a t u r a n .

18 Tinjauan Peraturan yang Mendukung. Perwujudan Jalan

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T a b e l 5 . K e l o m p o k k r i t e r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d a n p e r a t u r a n p a d a aspek e k o n o m i Prinsip E f i s i e n s i Peraturan U U N o . 1 8 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 , t e n t a n g P e n g e l o l a a n S a m p a h , P a s a l 2 Keterangan P e n g e l o l a a n s a m p a h d i h a r a p k a n d a p a t m e m b e r i m a n f a a t e k o n o m i ( p e n d a h u l u a n U U ) . A y a t 4 , p u i n g b o n g k a r a n b a n g u n a n t e r m a s u k s a m p a h s p e s i f i k . P P N o . 3 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 6 t e n t a n g J a l a n P a s a l 4 , a y a t 1 , p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n u m u m m e n g u s a h a k a n a g a r j a l a n d a p a t d i g u n a k a n s e b e s a r - b e s a r k e m a k m u r a n r a k y a t , t e r u t a m a u n t u k m e n i n g k a t k a n p e r t u m b u h a n e k o n o m i n a s i o n a l , d e n g a n m e n g u s a h a k a n a g a r b i a y a u m u m p e r j a l a n a n m e n j a d i s e r e n d a h - r e n d a h n y a . P e r m e n P U N o . 1 1 / P R T 7 M / 2 0 1 0 T e n t a n g T a t a C a r a d a n P e r s y a r a t a n L a i k F u n g s i J a l a n , P a s a l 2 A y a t 2 . P e n y e d i a a n j a l a n y a n g m e m e n u h i k e t e n t u a n k e s e l a m a t a n , k e l a n c a r a n , e k o n o m i s , d a n r a m a h l i n g k u n g a n . P e r m e n P U N o . 0 4 / P R T / M / 2 0 0 9 T e n t a n g S i s t e m M a n a j e m e n M u t u ( S M M ) D e p a r t e m e n P e k e r j a a n U m u m , P a s a l 3 A y a t 2 , P e r a t u r a n u n t u k U n i t K e r j a d a n P e n y e d i a B a r a n g / J a s a d a l a m m e l a k s a n a k a n t u g a s p e m e r i n t a h d i b i d a n g P U a g a r t e r c a p a i k i n e r j a y a n g d i r e n c a n a k a n s e c a r a a k u n t a b e l , e f i s i e n d a n e f e k t i f . T e r c e r m i n d a r i p e n y i a p a n d o k u m e n t a s i s i s t e m m a n a j e m e n m u t u ( p a s a l 4 ) . U U N o . 3 8 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g J a l a n M o b i l i t a s d a n A k s e s i b i l i t a s P a s a l 2 , p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n b e r d a s a r k a n p a d a a s a s k e m a n f a a t a n , k e a m a n a n d a n k e s e l a m a t a n , k e s e r a s i a n , k e s e l a r a s a n d a n k e s e i m b a n g a n , k e a d i l a n ( d i a m b i l s e b a g i a n ) P a s a l 3 , a y a t d , t u j u a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n m e w u j u d k a n p e l a y a n a n y a n g a n d a l d a n p r i m a s e r t a b e r p i h a k p a d a k e p e n t i n g a n m a s y a r a k a t . A y a t c , t u j u a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n y a n g m e w u j u d k a n s i s t e m j a r i n g a n j a l a n y a n g b e r d a y a g u n a d a n b e r h a s i l g u n a u n t u k m e n d u k u n g t e r s e l e n g g a r a n y a s i s t e m t r a n s p o r t a s i y a n g t e r p a d u . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 4 a ) P P N o . 3 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 6 t e n t a n g J a l a n , p a s a l 1 1 2 A y a t 2 , S t a n d a r p e l a y a n a n m i n i m a l j a r i n g a n j a l a n s e b a g a i m a n a d i m a k s u d p a d a a y a t ( 1 ) m e l i p u t i a k s e s i b i l i t a s , m o b i l i t a s d a n k e s e l a m a t a n . P e r m e n P U N o , 1 l / P R T / M / 2 0 1 0 T e n t a n g T a t a C a r a d a n P e r s y a r a t a n L a i k F u n g s i J a l a n P a s a l 2 , A y a t 2 , P e n y e d i a a n j a l a n y a n g m e m e n u h i k e t e n t u a n k e s e l a m a t a n , k e l a n c a r a n , e k o n o m i s , d a n r a m a h l i n g k u n g a n . P e r a t u r a n y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p r i n s i p -p r i n s i -p -p a d a a s -p e k l i n g k u n g a n y a n g d i t u n j u k k a n p a d a T a b e l 6 t e r l i h a t t e l a h t e r s e d i a d a r i t i n g k a t U n d a n g - U n d a n g s a m p a i d e n g a n P e r a t u r a n M e n t e r i . P r i n s i p p e n g u r a n g a n e m i s i d i w u j u d k a n s e c a r a j e l a s d e n g a n b e r b a g a i r e n c a n a a k i b a t p e r u b a h a n i k l i m . P a d a p r i n s i p p e r l i n d u n g a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m , t e r l i h a t p u l a b a h w a j e l a s p e r l i n d u n g a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m s u d a h t e r s e d i a . K e j e l a s a n p e n g a t u r a n p e r l i n d u n g a n a l a m d i w u j u d k a n o l e h P e r m e n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p p e n y u s u n a n d o k u m e n -d o k u m e n l i n g k u n g a n h i -d u p . P e r m e n P e k e r j a a n U m u m m e n e g a s k a n p u l a p e n y e d i a a n d o k u m e n p e m a n t a u a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p p a d a j e n i s u s a h a - u s a h a t e r t e n t u . P e r m a s a l a h a n y a n g m u n c u l a d a l a h k e l a n j u t a n d a r i d o k u m e n t a s i p e m a n t a u a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p a t a u a n a l i s i s m e n g e n a i d a m p a k l i n g k u n g a n . T e l a h b e r k e l a n j u t a n k a h k e g i a t a n p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n s e s u a i d e n g a n d o k u m e n l i n g k u n g a n y a n g d i s u s u n . D e m i k i a n h a l n y a d e n g a n p r i n s i p p e r l i n d u n g a n h a b i t a t flora d a n f a u n a . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n p e r l u a d a n y a p e m e r i k s a a n l i n g k u n g a n y a n g t e r k e n a d a m p a k a t a u m e n d a p a t m a n f a a t a k i b a t p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n .

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Tabel 6. K e l o m p o k k r i t e r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d a n p e r a t u r a n p a d a aspek l i n g k u n g a n P r i n s i p P e r a t u r a n K e t e r a n g a n U U N o . 3 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n P e n g e l o l a a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p P a s a l 3, A y a t ( j ) m e n g a n t i s i p a s i i s u l i n g k u n g a n g l o b a l d a n Pasal 2 0 l e m a n g b a k u m u t u l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p m e l i p u t i b a k u m u t u - b a k u m u t u air, air l i m b a h , a i r laut, ud;ira a m b i e n , e m i s i , g a n g g u a n , d a n b a k u m u t u l a i n . P e r a t u r a n P r e s i d e n N o . 7 1 T a h u n 2 0 1 1 P e n y e l e n g g a r a a n I n v e n t a r i s a s i G a s R u m a h K a w i N a s i o n a l , P a s a l 3 P e m a n t a u a n d a n p e n g u m p u l a n d a t a a k t i v i t a s s u m b e r e m i s i d a n s e r a p a n G R K t e r m a s u k s i m p a n g a n k a r b o n , serta penetapan f a k t o r e m i s i d a n f a k t o r serapan G R K . P e n g u r a n g a n E m i s i d a n p e m b a h a n i k l i m P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o . 2 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t c n i a n g A n a l i s i s M e n g e n a i D a m p a k L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p P e r a t u r a n i n i d i g u n a k a n agar p e n g u s a h a d a p a t m e n g a n t i s i p a s i d a m p a k l i n g k u n g a n y a n g t e r j a d i k a r e n a ada usaha t e r s e b u t t e r h a d a p e m i s i . P e n g u r a n g a n E m i s i d a n p e m b a h a n i k l i m P e r a t u r a n M e n t e r i P U N o . 1 l / P R T / M / 2 0 1 2 t e n t a n g R e n c a n a A k s i N a s i o n a l M i t i g a s i d a n A d a p t a s i P e r u b a h a n I k l i m T a h u n 2 0 1 2 - 2 0 2 0 K e m e n i e r i a n P e k e r j a a n U m u m P a s a l 2 , P e r a t u r a n i n i d i g u n a k a n u n t u k m e n g a n t i s i p a s i p e r u b a h a n i k l i m d a l a m r a n g k a m e n g u r a n g i d a n / a t a u m e n a n g k a p j u m l a h e m i s i y a n g d i h a s i l k a n m a u p u n d a l a m r a n g k a m e n g u r a n g i d a m p a k p e r u b a h a n i k l i m . K t p m e n L H N o . K c p -4 5 / M K N L H 7 1 0 / 1 9 9 7 T e n t a n g I n d e k s S t a n d a r P e n c e m a r U d a r a L a m p i r a n . K a t e g o r i u d a r a y a n g b a i k pada r e n t a n g 0 - 5 0 , dan k a t e g o r i s e d a n g p a d a r e n t a n g 5 1 - 1 0 0 . K a t e g o r i u d a r a y a n g t i d a k sehat m u l a i d a r i 101 sd. l e b i h . U U N o . 3 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n P e n g e l o l a a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p P a s a l 3, a y a t ( i ) P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p b e r t u j u a n m e w u j u d k a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . U U N o . 18 T a h u n 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e n g e l o l a a n S a m p a h , P a s a l 2 0 P u i n g b o n g k a r a n b a n g u n a n t e r m a s u k k a t e g o r i s a m p a h s p e s i f i k ( P a s a l 2 ) . A y a t 2, P e m e r i n t a h d a n P e m e r i n t a h d a e r a h w a j i b m e l a k u k a n a n t a r a l a i n m e m f a s i l i t a s i p e n e r a p a n t e k n o l o g i y a n g r a m a h l i n g k u n g a n , m e m f a s i l i t a s i p e n e r a p a n l a b e l p r o d u k y a n g r a m a h l i n g k u n g a n , m e m f a s i l i t a s i k e g i a t a n m e n g g u n a k a n u l a n g dan m e n d a u r u l a n g . A y a t 3 , P e l a k u u s a h a m e n g g u n a k a n b a h a n p r o d u k s i y a n g m e n i m b u l k a n s a m p a h s e s e d i k i t m u n g k i n , d a p a t d i g u n a u l a n g , d a p a t d i d a u r u l a n g , d a n a t a u m u d a h d i u r a i p r o s e s a l a m . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 S ) P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o . 2 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g A n a l i s i s M e n g e n a i D a m p a k L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p P e r a t u r a n i n i d i g u n a k a n agar p e n g u s a h a d a p a t m e n g a n t i s i p a s i d a m p a k l i n g k u n g a n y a n g t e r j a d i k a r e n a ada u s a h a t e r s e b u t terhadap udara, c a h a y a , dan a i r . ( I n d o n e s i a 1 9 9 9 ) S u m b e r D a y a P P N o . 3 4 T a h u n 2 0 0 6 T e r i a n g J a l a n P e r s y a r a t a n t e k n i s j a l a n h a r u s m e m e n u h i k e t e n t u a n k e a m a n a n , k e s e l a m a t a n , d a n l i n g k u n g a n ( P a s a l 1 2 ) d a n P a s a l 6 9 . A y a t e, p e n g g u n a a n s u m b e r d a y a secara b e r d a y a g u n a dan b e r h a s i l g u n a , b e r k e a d i l a n , dan b e r k e l a n j u t a n ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 6 ) a l a m ( u d a r a , c a h a y a , a i r ) P e r m e n L H N o . 16 T a h u n 2 0 1 2 T e n t a n g _{P e d o m a n P e n y u s u n a n D o k u m e n} L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p P e r m e n i n i m e r u p a k a n p e d o m a n u n t u k m e m p e r m u d a h p e n y u s u n a n d o k u m e n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p y a n g h a r u s d i m i l i k i o l e h p r o y e k p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 1 2 ) P e r m e n P U N o . 1 C P R T / M / 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e n e t a p a n Jenis R e n c a n a U s a h a d a n / a t a u K e g i a t a n B i d a n g P e k e r j a a n U m u m y a n g W a j i b d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n U K L - U P L L a m p i r a n , p e r t i m b a n g a n p e m a n t a u a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n d i l a k u k a n a k i b a t a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n b e n t u k l a h a n , serta p e n g a r u h pada l i n g k u n g a n fisik, k i m i a , b i o l o g i , s o s e k b u d m a s y a r a k a l . H a l i n i m e n y e b a b k a n g a n g g u a n l a l u l i n t a s , k e m a c e t a n l a l u l i n t a s , k e b i s i n g a n , e m i s i gas b u a n g , b e r k u r a n g n y a k e a n e k a r a g a m a n h a y a t i , serta g a n g g u a n e s t e t i k a l i n g k u n g a n . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 8 ) P e r m e n N o . 0 6 / P R T . ' M / 2 0 1 1 T e n t a n g P e d o m a n P e n g g u n a a n S u m b e r D a y a A i r , P a s a l 2 P e n g g u n a a n s u m b e r d a y a a i r d a n p r a s a r a n a n y a d i l a k u k a n b e r d a s a r k a n p r i n s i p : p e n g h e m a t a n p e n g g u n a a n , k e t e r t i b a n d a n k e a d i l a n , k e t e p a t a n p e n g g u n a a n , k e b e r t a n j u t a n p e n g g u n a a n d a n p e n g g u n a a n y a n g s a l i n g m e n u n j a n g a n t a r a a i r p e r m u k a a n d a n a i r t a n a h d e n g a n m e m p r i o r i t a s k a n p e n g g u n a a n a i r p e r m u k a a n . P e r m e n N o . 0 6 / P R T / M / 2 0 1 1 T e n t a n g P e d o m a n P e n g g u n a a n S u m b e r D a y a A i r P a s a l 3 , A y a t 2, S a l a h satu t u j u a n p e r a t u r a n i n i a d a l a h m e m b e r i a r a h a n p e n g e m b a n g a n t e k n o l o g i p e n g g u n a a n s u m b e r d a y a a i r . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 M )

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T a b e l 6. K e l o m p o k k r i t e r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d a n p e r a t u r a n p a d a a s p e k l i n g k u n g a n ( l a n j u t a n ) P r i n s i p P e r a t u r a n U U N o . 3 2 T a h u n 2 0 0 9 T e n t a n g P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n P e n g e l o l a a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p , P a s a l 3 P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o . 2 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g A n a l i s i s M e n g e n a i D a m p a k L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p H a b i t a t f l o r a d a n l a u n a P e r m e n P U N o . 1 0 / P R T / M / 2 0 0 R T e n t a n g P e n e t a p a n Jenis R e n c a n a U s a h a d a n / a t a u K e g i a t a n B i d a n g P e k e r j a a n U m u m y a n g W a j i b d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n U K L - U P L M E T O D O L O G I M a k a l a h i n i m e n g g u n a k a n d a t a s e k u n d e r b e r u p a p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p e n y e l e n g g a r a a n j a l a n , a s p e k e k o n o m i , a s p e k s o s i a l , d a n a s p e k l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p . D a t a s e k u n d e r d i k l a r i f i k a s i k e d a l a m h i r a r k i k e b i j a k a n n a s i o n a l d a n s e t i a p d o k u m e n d i k a j i t e r k a i t k r i t e r i a y a n g m e n d u k u n g p e r w u j u d a n p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . A n a l i s i s d e s k r i p t i f d i l a k u k a n u n t u k m e n g u r a i k a n k r i t e r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n s e s u a i a s p e k - a s p e k e k o n o m i , s o s i a l , d a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p y a n g d i n y a t a k a n d a l a m p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n t e r s e b u t . B e r d a s a r k a n a n a l i s i s i n i , m a k a d i u r a i k a n a s p e k - a s p e k R u a n g l i n g k u p d a t a s e k u n d e r a d a l a h p e r a t u r a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n y a n g m e m i l i k i k a i t a n d e n g a n m e w u j u d k a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . P e r a t u r a n t e r s e b u t a d a l a h u n d a n g - u n d a n g , p e r a t u r a n p e m e r i n t a h , p e r a t u r a n / i n s t r u k s i p r e s i d e n , p e r a t u r a n / K e p u t u s a n m e n t e r i t e r k a i t d e n g a n p e m b a n g u n a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . P r i n s i p -p r i n s i -p -p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n y a n g b e r k e l a n j u t a n y a n g d i g u n a k a n a d a l a h y a n g d i s e b u t k a n d a l a m L a w a l a t a , 2 0 1 3 . K e t e r a n g a n A y a t ( c ) P e r l i n d u n g a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p b e r t u j u a n s a l a h s a t u n y a m e n j a m i n k e l a n g s u n g a n k e h i d u p a n m a k h l u k h i d u p d a n k e l e s t a r i a n e k o s i s t e m . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 9 ) P e r a t u r a n i n i d i g u n a k a n agar p e n g u s a h a dapat m e n g a n t i s i p a s i d a m p a k l i n g k u n g a n y a n g t e r j a d i k a r e n a ada u s a h a tersebut t e r h a d a p h a b i t a t u V a dan f a u n a ( I n d o n e s i a 1 9 9 9 ) L a m p i r a n , p e r t i m b a n g a n p e m a n t a u a n d a n p e n g e l o l a a n d i l a k u k a n a k i b a t a d a n y a p e r u b a h a n b e n t u k l a h a n , serta p e n g a r u h p a d a l i n g k u n g a n fisik, k i m i a , b i o l o g i , s o s e k b u d m a s y a r a k a t . H a l i n i m e n y e b a b k a n g a n g g u a n l a l u l i n t a s , k e m a c e t a n l a l u l i n t a s , k e b i s i n g a n , e m i s i gas b u a n g , b e r k u r a n g n y a k e a n e k a r a g a m a n h a y a t i , serta g a n g g u a n e s t e t i k a l i n g k u n g a n . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 8 ) PEMBAHASAN

Kaitan peraturan dan prinsip pembangunan jalan berkelanjutan P e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n y a n g t e r k a i t d e n g a n p r i n s i p p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a s u d a h t e r s e d i a . T e r l i h a t a d a n y a k e j e l a s a n r a n g k a i a n d a r i s e t i a p t i n g k a t a n p e r u n d a n g - u n d a n g a n u n t u k s e t i a p p r i n s i p p e m b a n g u n a n . N a m u n p a d a t i n g k a t t a t a l a k s a n a s e p e r t i P e r a t u r a n M e n t e r i , p e r a t u r a n u n t u k m e w u j u d k a n p r i n s i p p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n m a s i h h a r u s d i p e r j e l a s . P e r a t u r a n y a n g m a s i h h a r u s d i j e l a s k a n a n t a r a l a i n t a t a l a k s a n a m e w u j u d k a n p r i n s i p e f i s i e n s i d a n p r i n s i p p e r l i n d u n g a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m d a n h a b i t a t flora d a n f a u n a . P e r a t u r a n y a n g m e n d u k u n g p e n e r a p a n p r i n s i p e f i s i e n s i m a s i h m e m e r l u k a n p e n j e l a s a n i n d i k a t o r y a n g d i u k u r . K e j e l a s a n e f i s i e n s i t e r l i h a t p a d a p e n c a p a i a n k i n e r j a p e l a k s a n a a n t u g a s p e m e r i n t a h a n d a n p e n y e d i a b a r a n g / j a s a . S e l a i n i t u p e r l u p u l a d i j e l a s k a n p r i o r i t a s p e n g g u n a a n k e m b a l i m a t e r i a l , p e n g h e m a t a n p e n g g u n a a n m a t e r i a l , p e n g g u n a a n m a t e r i a l l o k a l , d a n e n e r g i y a n g t e r b a r u k a n . P e n g g u n a a n h a l - h a l t e r s e b u t a k a n t e r l i h a t m e m b e r i k a n P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o . 3 4 T a h u n 200(5 P e r s y a r a t a n t e k n i s j a l a n h a r u s m e m e n u h i k e t e n t u a n k e a m a n a n , T e n t a n g J a l a n , P a s a l 12 k e s e l a m a t a n , d a n l i n g k u n g a n ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 6 ) P e r m e n P U N o . I l / P R T / M . ^ O l O T e n t a n g A y a t 2 , P e n y e d i a a n j a l a n y a n g m e m e n u h i k e t e n t u a n k e s e l a m a t a n . T a t a C a r a d a n P e r s y a r a t a n L a i k F u n g s i k e l a n c a r a n , e k o n o m i s , d a n r a m a h l i n g k u n g a n . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 1 0 ) J a l a n , P a s a l 2 P e r m e n L H N o 1 6 T a h u n 2 0 1 2 T e n t a n g P e r m e n i n i m e r u p a k a n p e d o m a n u n t u k m e m p e r m u d a h p e n y u s u n a n P e d o m a n P e n y u s u n a n D o k u m e n d o k u m e n l i n g k u n g a n h i d u p y a n g h a r u s d i m i l i k i o l e h p r o y e k L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n . ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 1 2 )

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m a n f a a t d a l a m j a n g k a p a n j a n g a t a u b e r k e l a n j u t a n . P e r a t u r a n p e n d u k u n g p e n e r a p a n p r i n s i p p e r l i n d u n g a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m d a n h a b i t a t flora d a n f a u n a s e p e r t i U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 5 / 1 9 9 0 t e n t a n g K o n s e r v a s i S u m b e r d a y a A l a m H a y a t i d a n E k o s i s t e m n y a . U n d a n g - u n d a n g i n i m a s i h m e m e r l u k a n p e n j e l a s a n . P e n j e l a s a n t e r s e b u t s e p e r t i d e s k r i p s i p e r l i n d u n g a n y a n g p e r l u d i l a k u k a n d a n t e k n i k - t e k n i k p e r l i n d u n g a n n y a . P e n j e l a s a n y a n g d i p e r l u k a n l a i n n y a a d a l a h o b y e k y a n g d i l i n d u n g i . P a d a s a a t i n i p e r i i n d u n g a n y a n g d i l a k u k a n s e b a t a s p e n g u m p u l a n d o k u m e n l i n g k u n g a n . K l a r i f i k a s i b a h w a t e l a h d i l a k u k a n p e r l i n d u n g a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m , h a b i t a t flora d a n f a u n a b e l u m d i l a k u k a n . Kebutuhan peraturan K e t e r s e d i a a n p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n y a n g m e n d u k u n g p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n t e l a h d i t e t a p k a n . H a l i n i t e r l i h a t d a r i d a t a K e m e n t e r i a n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p t a h u n 2 0 1 2 b a h w a k o n d i s i u d a r a l i m a k o t a d i I n d o n e s i a t i d a k s e h a t ( J a k a r t a , P e k a n b a r u , M e d a n , S u r a b a y a , d a n B a n d u n g ) s e r t a d u a k o t a ( P o n t i a n a k d a n P a l a n g k a r a y a ) m e m i l i k i k o n d i s i u d a r a y a n g b e r b a h a y a ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 1 2 ) . P a d a h a l t e l a h t e r d a p a t K e p m c n L H N o . K e p -4 5 / M E N L H / 1 0 / 1 9 9 7 T e n t a n g I n d e k s S t a n d a r P e n c e m a r U d a r a ( I n d o n e s i a 1 9 9 7 ) d a n P e r m e n P U N o . 1 0 / P R T / M / 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e n e t a p a n J e n i s R e n c a n a U s a h a d a n / a t a u K e g i a t a n B i d a n g P e k e r j a a n U m u m y a n g W a j i b d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n U K L - U P L ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 8 ) C o n t o h l a i n a d a l a h s e j a k t a h u n 1 9 9 9 s a m p a i d e n g a n 2 0 1 2 t e l a h t e r d a p a t P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h N o . 2 7 T a h u n 1 9 9 9 t e n t a n g A n a l i s i s M e n g e n a i D a m p a k L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p ( A m d a l ) ( I n d o n e s i a 1 9 9 9 ) P e r m e n L H N o . 1 6 T a h u n 2 0 1 2 T e n t a n g P e d o m a n P e n y u s u n a n D o k u m e n L i n g k u n g a n H i d u p , d a n P e r m e n P U N o . 1 0 / P R T / M / 2 0 0 8 T e n t a n g P e n e t a p a n J e n i s R e n c a n a U s a h a d a n / a t a u K e g i a t a n B i d a n g P e k e r j a a n U m u m y a n g W a j i b d i l e n g k a p i d e n g a n U K L - U P L ( I n d o n e s i a 2 0 0 8 ) . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n p a d a t a h u n i n i s u d a h s e h a r u s n y a t e r d a p a t d o k u m e n l i n g k u n g a n u n t u k p e k e r j a a n j a l a n . N a m u n k e n y a t a a n n y a s a n g a t s e d i k i t p r o y e k j a l a n y a n g m e m i l i k i l a p o r a n a n a l i s a m e n g e n a i d a m p a k l i n g k u n g a n a t a u p u n U K L -U P L p r o y e k j a l a n . P e m a k a i a n p e r n y a t a a n h i j a u n y a s u a t u p r o y e k p e m b a n g u n a n s e r i n g d i l a k u k a n . S e j a u h m a n a h i j a u n y a p r o y e k t e r s e b u t a t a u k e g i a t a n -k e g i a t a n a p a y a n g m e n u n j u -k -k a n g e r a -k a n h i j a u m a s i h p e r l u p e m b u k t i a n . D e n g a n d e m i k i a n u n t u k m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p r o y e k j a l a n t e l a h m e l a k u k a n k e g i a t a n - k e g i a t a n h i j a u d i p e r l u k a n p e n e t a p a n k a i d a h - k a i d a h a t a u p u n p e r a t u r a n b a h w a j a l a n t e r s e b u t d i l a k u k a n s e c a r a h i j a u . P e r a t u r a n d a p a t b e r u p a p e n e t a p a n k r i t e r i a - k r i t e r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d a n c a r a u n t u k m e n d a p a t p e r n y a t a a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n ( s e r t i f i k a s i j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n ) . U n t u k m e n d a p a t s e r t i f i k a s i i n i m a k a d i p e r l u k a n t a h a p -t a h a p p e n i l a i a n p r a k -t e k b e r k e l a n j u -t a n . P e n i l a i a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n m e m e r l u k a n k o m i t m e n d a r i t a h a p p e r e n c a n a a n , t a h a p p e r a n c a n g a n , s a m p a i d e n g a n t a h a p p e l a k s a n a a n p r o y e k j a l a n . K o m i t m e n t e r s e b u t d a p a t d i w a k i l i d e n g a n m e m e n u h i p e r a t u r a n s e p e r t i d o k u m e n l i n g k u n g a n . K o m i t m e n l a i n n y a d a p a t d i g a m b a r k a n s e b a g a i k e g i a t a n y a n g m e m e n u h i k r i t e r i a - k r i t e r i a p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n s e p e r t i y a n g t e r c a n t u m p a d a T a b e l 4 s a m p a i d e n g a n T a b e l 6 . P e m e r i n g k a t a n i n i t e l a h d i t e r a p k a n d i A m e r i k a d a n A u s t r a l i a d a n m e n u n j u k k a n b a h w a p e m e r i n g k a t a n i n i m e m i l i k i b a n y a k m a n f a a t . K E S I M P U L A N DAN SARAN Kesimpulan 1 . S u d a h t e r d a p a t b e r b a g a i k e b i j a k a n y a n g b e r h u b u n g a n d e n g a n p e r w u j u d a n p r i n s i p p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . K e b i j a k a n t e r s e b u t m e l i p u t i U n d a n g -U n d a n g , P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h , P e r a t u r a n / K e p u t u s a n p r e s i d e n , d a n P e r a t u r a n P e m e r i n t a h , P e r a t u r a n M e n t e r i / K e p u t u s a n M e n t e r i . 2 . K e b i j a k a n y a n g d i c a t a t p a d a m a k a l a h i n i m e n u n j u k k a n a d a d u k u n g a n t e r h a d a p p e r w u j u d a n p r i n s i p p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . D u k u n g a n t e r s e b u t b e r u p a k e b i j a k a n y a n g m e n j e l a s k a n p e l a k s a n a a n

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s e t i a p p r i n s i p - p r i n s i p p e m b a n g u n a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . P r i n s i p - p r i n s i p t e r s e b u t d a r i a s p e k s o s i a l a d a l a h s e l a m a t d a n n y a m a n , p a r t i s i p a s i m a s y a r a k a t ; a s p e k e k o n o m i a d a l a h e f i s i e n s i , m o b i l i t a s , d a n a k s e s i b i l i t a s ; a s p e k l i n g k u n g a n a d a l a h e m i s i , s u m b e r d a y a a l a m , d a n h a b i t a t f l o r a d a n f a u n a . N a m u n d e m i k i a n m a s i h d i p e r l u k a n k e b i j a k a n l a i n y a n g m e n d u k u n g p r i n s i p e f i s i e n s i , p e r l i n d u n g a n s u m b e r d a y a a l a m , d a n p e n i l a i a n p e l a k s a n a a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n . Saran 1 . P e n e l i t i a n l a n j u t a n p e r l u d i l a k u k a n p a d a p e r a t u r a n - p e r a t u r a n y a n g t e l a h d i t e r b i t k a n o l e h k e m e n t e r i a n E n e r g i d a n S u m b e r D a y a M i n e r a l 2 . P e n e l i t i a n l a n j u t a n p e r l u p u l a d i l a k u k a n u n t u k m e n g k a j i s i s t e m p e n i l a i a n a t a u s i s t e m p e m e r i n g k a t a n j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n b e s e r t a m a n f a a t y a n g d i d a p a t j i k a s i s t e m i n i d i b e r l a k u k a n . 3 . P e r l u d i k a j i g a m b a r a n rinci k r i t e r i a - k r i t e r i a j a l a n b e r k e l a n j u t a n d a l a m p e r a t u r a n y a n g p e r l u d i t e t a p k a n . D A F T A R P U S T A K A

Australian Asphalt Pavement Associalon. 2 0 1 3 . Sustainability Concepts B S : P & P . A A P A Pavement Training and Advisory Centre. Australian Asphalt Pavement Associalon.

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Sustainable Roads And Optimal Mobility.

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2004 tentang Jalan. J a k a r t a : R e p u b l i k I n d o n e s i a . _. 2 0 0 4 b . U n d a n g - U n d a n g N o . 17 T a h u n 2 0 0 4 t e n t a n g P e n g e s a h a n P r o t o k o l K y o t o A t a s K o n v e n s i K e r a n g k a K e r j a P e r s e r i k a t a n B a n g s a - B a n g s a T e n t a n g P e r u b a h a n I k l i m .

_. 2 0 0 6 . Peraturan Pemerintah No. 34

Tahun 2006 Tentang Jalan. J a k a r t a :

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2008, tentang Pengelolaan Sampah.

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2009, tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. J a k a r t a :

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