Interrelasi Metabolisme Dan Pengaturannya: Department Of Biochemistryy Medical Faculti Of Hasanuddin University

DEP

DEPARTMENT OF BIARTMENT OF BIOCHEMIOCHEMISTRYYSTRYY

MEDICAL FACULTI OF

MEDICAL FACULTI OF

HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY

1,2

1,2 _{Marhaen  Marhaen HardjoHardjo}

1

1_{Head of Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty of Hasanuddin Head of Biochemistry Department, Medical Faculty of Hasanuddin UniversityUniversity}

2

2_{Director of Stem Cell Center Hasanuddin Director of Stem Cell Center Hasanuddin University HospitalUniversity Hospital} INTERRELASI

INTERRELASI METABOLISME DANMETABOLISME DAN

PENGATURANNYA

KERANGKA SLIDE

KERANGKA SLIDE

•

• PENGERTIAN INTERELASI METABOLISMEPENGERTIAN INTERELASI METABOLISME

•

• PROSES YANG TERJADI DALAM INTERELASI METABOLISMEPROSES YANG TERJADI DALAM INTERELASI METABOLISME

•

• HASIL INTERELASI METABOLISMEHASIL INTERELASI METABOLISME

•

PENDAHULUAN

PENDAHULUAN

kegiatan organisme memerlukan

kegiatan organisme memerlukan

perubahan energi dan reaksi kimia

perubahan energi dan reaksi kimia..

Metabolisme

Metabolisme

ANABOLISME

 ANABOLISME

Glukosa_ Glikoge

 As.le!ak " Glise#ol_ T#iglise#i$a

 As. A!io_ P#o%ei

KATABOLISME

Glikoge_ Glukosa

T#iglise#i$a_ glise#ol " As.le!ak 

Reaksi Anabolisme dan Katabolisme

berlangsung secara cepat Ter!adi karena adan"a katalisator "aitu en#im $molekul protein%& ber'ungsi secara cepat karena adan"a ( ko en#im "aitu beberapa )itamin B

*omple+ dan ko'aktor "aitu beberapa mineral serta adan"a media air

The main

source o'

energ"

carboh"d rates ,rotein -ats

Interelasi

Metabolisme

adalah

proses metabolisme karbohidrat&

lemak& protein "ang pada mulan"a

berproses masing.masing tetapi

pada

akhirn"a

akan

saling

berinteraksi pada suatu siklus "ang

dinamakan siklus kreb

,engertian interelasi metabolisme

• ,ROSES /AN 0ASIL /ARI INTERELASI METABOLISME TER1TAMA ENER2I ,OTENSIAL A/ALA0 ,ROSES

TER3A/IN4A METABOLISME ENER2I 4AN2 BERS1MBER /ARI MOLEK1L KARBO0I/RAT& LEMAK& /AN ,ROTEIN&

TER3A/I /I/ALAM MITOKON/RIA /AN AKAN MEN20ASILKAN SE31MLA0 ENER2I

O1T,1T50ASIL AK0IR

INTERELASI METABOLISME

,enguraian 6 gram glukosa $karbohidrat% men!adi *O7& 07O

 Energi 8 Kkal

,enguraian 6 gram aslemak $lemak% men!adi *O7& 07O 

Energi 9 Kkal

,enguraian 6 gram asamino $protein% men!adi *O7& 07O dan N0:  Energi 8 Kkal

Karbohidrat _{Lemak ,rotein}

6 -ase khusus masing.masing $oksidati'% 7 -ase bersama $siklus krebs%

-ungsi Energi dari penguraian AT,

UNTUK SEL

 _{M;bntuk molekul baru}

 _{Mngganti struktur sel "g rusak}

 Mengeluarkan dan memasukkan #at.#at dari dan kedalam sel

 _{Membentuk molekul cadangan energi}

1NT1K ,ER2ERAKAN OTOT 

 _{Aakti' maupun istirahat}

 _{/iperintah otak maupun tidak ada perintah dari otak}

1NT1K KE,ERL1AN SEL

 _{,roses pencernaan& pen"erapan& dan mengangkut #at gi#i}

SE*ARA KESEL1R10AN ENER2I $KALORI% 42 /I0ASILKAN /ARI ,EN21RAIAN AT, AKAN /I21NAKAN 1NT1K (

&.  AKTI'ITAS SAAT TUBUH ISTIRAHAT BASAL (BASAL ENERGY E)PENDITURE *BEE+

,.  AKTI'ITAS 'ISIK (A'+

. PENGARUH TERMIS DARI MAKANAN (THERMI E''ET O' 'OOD* TE'+

Seluruh energi "ang digunakan tubuh adalah ,en!umlahan dari BEE < A- < TE- = Energi $kalori % total

&

Akti'itas saat tubuh istirahat basal $Basal Energ" E+penditure 5BEE%

• _{,roses metabolisme dlm}

sel

• _{/en"ut !antung}

• _{2rakan peristaltik usus} • _{Tonus otot& etc}

/

Rumus /u Bois

• _{BEE Pria = 66 + (13! " BB k#$ + (%"TB &m$ ' (6 " U) T*$}

• _{BEE ,t = 6%% +(-6 " BB k#$ + (1 " TB &m$ '(.! " U) T*$}

*ara cepat5 cara lain (

• _{BEE ,ria = :> kkal + kg BB} • _{BEE ?anita = 7@ kkal + kg BB}

Faktor0aktor a# mem2e#aru*i ilai BEE

• _1mur • _3K

• _{Suhu tubuh dan lingkungan}

, _{Akti'itas 'isik $A-%}

•  Ak%i0i%as saga% #iga $a #iga 1 2 3 42 5 BEE

•  Ak%i0i%as se$ag 42-645 BEE

•  Ak%i0i%as 7e#a% 645 BEE

RUMUS Meg8i%ug Nilai A' Jeis A' 9 Ju!la8 BEE

 _{Thermic E''ect o' -ood $TE-%}

 Nilai TE' 7iasa $ise7u% :uga $ega S;e<i0ik Dia!ik A<%io1 SDA. Nilai TE' u%uk ;#o%ei a$ala8 %e#%iggi 2 5= lalu ka#7o8i$#a%= ke!u$ia le!ak. SDA

7eke#:a !ulai $a#i TE' %e#%iggi ke!u$ia ?ag %e#e$a8. Ka#ea !eu !akaa !e#u;aka ga7uga ;#o%ei= ka#7o8i$#a% $a le!ak= !aka ilai TE'

• ONTOH PERHITUNGAN ENERGI UNTUK PA RAHMAT YANG BERUMUR 2 TAHUN= BB12 KG DAN TB1&2 M= AKTI'ITAS SEHARI-HARINYA DIKATEGORIKAN SEDANG (425+. BEE (ARA DU BOIS+ BEE PRIA 1  @ (&.6 ) BB KG + @ ( 4 ) TB M + 3 ( =C ) U.THN + 1 &42 KKAL

• AKTI'ITAS 'ISIK SEDANG ( 42 5 + 1 42 5 ) &42 KKAL 1 6,4 KKAL

• TE' 1 &2 5 ) (BEE @ A' + 1 &2 5 ) (&42@6,4+ 1 ,&6.4

• MAKA TOTAL KESELURUHAN PENGGUNAAN ENERGI ( TOTAL ENERGI E)PENDITURE 1 TEE +  ADALAH PENJUMLAHAN DARI / 1 BEE @ A' @ TE' TEE 1 &42 @ 6,4 @ ,&6.4 1 ,,.4

Metabolic

Liver- #1 metabolic player

•Processes most incoming nutrients

•Maintains constant concentrations of nutrients

in blood (e.g., via gluconeogenesis), smoothing out fluctuations due to the Starve-Feed Cycle

•Synthesizes and secretes plasma proteins

•Processes toxins and wastes (e.g., through urea

cycle)

•Responds quickly to dietary conditions because of

Liver- #1 metabolic player

•Primarily depends

on b-oxidation of fatty acids for its own energy needs.

Liver

•Amino acids go directly

to the liver through the portal vein after

absorption.

•Uses them to make

proteins, for

gluconeogenesis, for

biosynthesis of nitrogen-containing molecules, or for fuel.

Adipose Tissue- maintainer #2

•Stores triglycerides and releases FA’s

and glycerol as signaled by glucagon/ epinephrine

Albumin transport in blood

muscle heart liver

•Turnover is 50-60 g/day.

triglyceridescAMP-activatedfatty acids + glycerol

•Two distinct

types: white

adipose tissue and brown adipose

tissue.

•Brown fat has

high levels of thermogenin, which are metabolically activated by cold exposure. Huffington Post

Less than two weeks after finishing the 2010 Boston Marathon in 4:10, disaster struck for Paul J in the

Pitts!urgh Marathon He ran the first half in 2:04 and the second half in 2:40 "e#ere leg cra$%s set in at around $ile 20, and he ended u% on the ground screa$ing in %ain &he da' was cool, and he took in lots of electrol'tes

Case Study: Paul J. cramps up

Less than two weeks after

finishing the 2010 Boston Marathon in 4:10, disaster struck for Paul J in the

Pitts!urgh Marathon He ran the first half in 2:04 and the second half in 2:40 "e#ere leg cra$%s set in at around $ile 20, and he ended u% on the ground screa$ing in %ain &he da' was cool, and he took in lots of electrol'tes

(hat %ro!a!l' went wrong for Paul)

a* Lactic acid+

!* His fat stores ran out

c* His !lood sugar dro%%ed

d* arnitine deficienc'+

-Phos%hagen s'ste$*

Match the %hoto to the energ' s'ste$+

a* 1. lactate/ 2. %hos%hagen/ . aero!ic !* 1. %hos%hagen/ 2. aero!ic/ . lactate c* 1. aero!ic/ 2. lactate/ . %hos%hagen d* 1. aero!ic/ 2. %hos%hagen/ . lactate

• ATP exhausted rapidly (1 or 2 sec); replenished by:

Anaerobic Conditions- bursts

of

_{heavy activity}

•phosphocreatine lasts ~10 seconds

•next 1 to 2 minutes

glycogen -> G-6P -> pyruvate -> lactate

Anaerobic Conditions- bursts

•Cooperation

between muscle and liver (Cori cycle) to regenerate glucose from lactate.

•Heart also burns

lactate.

• WITH LOW INTENSITY WORK, LACTATE IS CLEARED FROM THE BLOODSTREAM AS FAST AS IT IS MADE.

• AS WORK INCREASES, THERE IS A POINT WHEN LACTATE IS

PRODUCED TOO FAST FOR THE BODY TO CLEAR IT.

work

ercise cannot !e sustained for $ore than a $inute or two after lactate threshold !ecause of P351 inhi!ition

1. glycogen -> G-6P -> pyruvate -> CO₂ + H₂O

2. fatty acids -> acetyl-CoA -> CO₂ + H₂O

•Limited by diffusion of FA’s from blood, carnitine

Aerobic Conditions- rest,

slow

runs, light activity

•Limited by entry of pyruvate into mitochondria

and/or O₂ supply

•1- 2 hour supply, moderately fast

Cross Country Collapse

$il', the 62 ranked fe$ale high

school cross countr' runner in the state, is co$%eting in the (estern

Maine cha$%ionshi% "he goes into the woods 7ust !efore the $ile $ark !ut

doesn8t co$e out

"he had !een struggling the entire season, feeling weak and tired, and

had dro%%ed out of three races %rior to this $eet (hat t'%e of testing would 'ou do on $il')

Cross Country Collapse

$il', the 62 ranked fe$ale high

school cross countr' runner in the state, is co$%eting in the (estern

Maine cha$%ionshi% "he goes into the woods 7ust !efore the $ile $ark !ut

doesn8t co$e out

"he had !een struggling the entire season, feeling weak and tired, and

had dro%%ed out of three races %rior to this $eet (hat t'%e of tests would 'ou do on $il')  9 &est for a gl'cogen storage disease B &est for cardio$'o%ath'  &est for dia!ete  &est for ane$ia  &est for

Aerobic training eects

;ncreased number of mitochondria

;ncreased hemoglobin and

hematocrit  -%ercentage of red cells in !lood/ nor$all' <54=>*

?esult is increased @₂ u%take and use !' tissues: VO ₂  max : nor$all' A $L @₂CkgC $in

JJOOAAN N BBEENNOOIIT T BBJJOORRN N DDAAEEHHLLIIEE LLAANNE E AARRMMSSTTRROONNGG 66  MMLL**KKGG**MMIIN N 2 2 MMLL**KKGG**MMIIN N CC  MMLL**KKGG**MMIINN

!O

!O

_""

 MA# O$ ELITE

 MA# O$ ELITE

AEROBI% AT&LETES

AEROBI% AT&LETES

!O

!O

_""

 MA# O$ ELITE ANIMAL

 MA# O$ ELITE ANIMAL

AT&LETES

AT&LETES

PRONGHORN ANTELOPE PRONGHORN ANTELOPE 22 22 ML*KG*MINML*KG*MIN

&2K- UNDER &2 MINUTESF &2K- UNDER &2 MINUTESF



uring uring endurance endurance eercise, eercise, thethe res%irator' Duotient -@

res%irator' Duotient -@₂₂  ehaledC@  ehaledC@₂₂ consu$ed* falls, indicating increased use consu$ed* falls, indicating increased use of fatt' acids

of fatt' acids



?E .10 for car!oh'drates?E .10 for car!oh'drates



?E. 0F0 for fats -$ore?E. 0F0 for fats -$ore

highl' reduced* highl' reduced*

%hanges in 'etabolis'

%hanges in 'etabolis'

o(er ti'e

o(er ti'e

uring endurance eercise, the res%irator' Duotient -@₂  ehaledC@₂ consu$ed* falls, indicating increased use of fatt' acids

;ncreased Gacet'l o9 fro$ b oidation slows !ridging reaction

ffect is decreased funneling of sugar into &9

%hanges in 'etabolis'

o(er ti'e

uring endurance eercise, the res%irator' Duotient -@₂  ehaledC@₂ consu$ed* falls, indicating increased use of fatt' acids

%hanges in 'etabolis'

o(er ti'e

Case Study: Paul W. is confused

Paul ( turned the corner for

the last 200 'ards of the 1==0 Boston Marathon He was well ahead of $e, ha#ing %assed $e in (ellesle' ;n the last few $inutes of the race, howe#er, he !eca$e confused 9s he %assed !' I&he Pru, he

started walking in circles He ended u% finishing 1 $inutes !ehind $e (hat went wrong for Paul ()

Case Study: Paul W. is confused

Paul ( turned the corner for

the last 200 'ards of the 1==0 Boston Marathon He was well ahead of $e, ha#ing %assed $e in (ellesle' ;n the last few $inutes of the race, howe#er, he !eca$e confused 9s he %assed !' I&he Pru, he

started walking in circles He ended u% finishing 1 $inutes !ehind $e (hat went wrong for Paul ()

(hat %ro!a!l' went wrong for Paul)

a* Lactic acid+

!* His fat stores ran out

c* His !lood sugar dro%%ed

d* arnitine deficienc'+

Brain

•Dependent on blood glucose at ~4.5 mM to

maintain ion gradients.

•Uses 20% of the total O

2 consumed by a resting

human (only 2% of the body mass)

•After several days of low glucose, switches to

use of ketone bodies, which are degraded via TCA. Conserves body’s proteins.

Heart

ardiac $uscle is aero!ic onl' with

circulating fats the %referred fuel

Lack of @₂ leads to

tissue death -$'ocardial infarction*

HIH O' THE 'OLLOING PATHAYS IS INHIBITED BY THE ATION O' INSULIN

 _A.

GLYOLYSIS

B.

KREBS YLE

.

GLUONEOGENESIS

D.

GLYOGEN SYNTHESIS

E.

'ATTY AID SYNTHESIS

1. Insulin (high blood sugar)

•Insulin deficiency or resistance can lead to

The insulin receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK).

Insulin binding triggers auto-phosphorylation at Tyr.

Epinephrine receptors act through G proteins.

3. Glucagon (low

blood sugar)

Glucagon receptor also acts through G proteins.

NTE45E748

5ET7B9LS5

NTE45E748 5ET7B9LS5

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P49TENS$ 

1)

7FTE4 FEEN< $ENER24 INTAKE IN A /IET%

 OI/ATION → *O₇& 0₇O& 1REA < AT,

 -ORMATION O- STORES → 2L4*O2EN& TA2

The figures were found (May 2007) at http://www.wellesley.edu/Chemistry/chem227/sugars/oligo/glycogen.jpg Glycogen reu&i# e oreu&i# e

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P49TENS$ 

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U4N< F7STN<



USE 9F ENE4<8 ST94ES

•

2L4*O2EN →  2L1*OSE 

•

TA2 →  -ATT4 A*I/S 



F9457T9N 9F NE? ENE4<8 SUBST47TES

•

2L1*ONEO2ENESIS $2L4*EROL& M1S*LE ,ROTEINS%

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75N9 7;S $/E2RA/%  -ROM ,ROTEINS

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S8NT:ESS 9F F7

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P84U7TE

7;ET8L;97 $,/0%

L7;T7TE $LA*TATE /E04/RO2ENASE% 

7L7NNE $ALANINE AMINOTRANS-ERASE% 

9A7L97;ET7TE $,4R1DATE *ARBO4LASE% 

7E49B; <L8;9L8SS P: 4E7;T9N ;T47TE ;8;LE 9A7T9N 9F ET:7N9L N7: 4ESP47T948 ;:7N ) 4E9A7T9N T9 N7+ ENE4<8 ST947<E N 7TP 9A7T9N

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•

2L1*ONEO2ENESIS $-ROM OALOA*ETATE OR 2L4*EROL% 

•

METABOLISM O- 2L4*O2EN

•

,ENTOSE *4*LE

•

S4NT0ESIS O- -ATT4 A*I/S

•

S4NT0ESIS O- NONESSENTIAL AMINO A*I/S

•

TRANSAMINATION REA*TIONS

•

S4NT0ESIS O- 1REA $A ,ART 9NL8 N T:E LE4C$ 

•

,4R1DATE /E04/RO2ENASE *OM,LE $,/0% 

•

INITIATION O- 2L1*ONEO2ENESIS

•

b_{.OI/ATION O- -ATT4 A*I/S}

•

S4NT0ESIS O- KETONE BO/IES $ 9NL8 N T:E LE4C$ 

•

OI/ATION /EAMINATION O- 2L1TAMATE

•

TRANSAMINATION REA*TIONS

•

;T47TE ;8;LE

•

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•

7E49B; P:9SP:948L7T9N $INNER MITO*0 MEMBRANE% 

S599T: E4

•

S4NT0ESIS O- TRIA*4L2L4*EROLS AN/ ,0OS,0OLI,I/S

•

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•

S4NT0ESIS O- STEROI/S

•

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•

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•

,OSTTRANSLATIONAL MO/I-I*ATION O-,ROTEINS

•

,ROTEIN SORTIN2

•

E,ORT O- ,ROTEINS $-ORMATION O-DESI*1LES% 

4B9S95ES

•

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NU;LEUS

O-L8S9S95ES

•

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•

OI/ATIDE REA*TIONS INDOLDIN2 O₇

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1SE O- 04/RO2EN ,EROI/E

ST74EFEE ;8;LE

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RELATIONS0I,S O- T0E METABOLI* ,AT0?A4S

1N/ER DARIO1S *ON/ITIONS

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*OO,ERATION O- DARIO1S TISS1ES

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SEE ALSO

0TT,(55???7E1RNL5-225O?5*OO5BIO* 05GEN2LIS0

1$ ?ell0e state

>$ Earl

0asti# state

3$ Fasti# state

.$ Earl re0e state

;:7N<ES 9F LE4 <L8;9<EN

;9NTENT 

?ELLFE ST7TE F7STN< ST7TE hormones  _insulin  glucagon&

adrenaline& cortisol response o' the bod"  _gl"cemia  _lipogenesis  _{proteos"nthesis}  _gl"cemia  _lipol"sis  _ketogenesis  _proteol"sis

?ELLFE ST7TE F7STN< ST7TE hormones  _insulin  glucagon&

adrenaline& cortisol response o' the bod"  _gl"cemia  _lipogenesis  _{proteos"nthesis}  _gl"cemia  _lipol"sis  _ketogenesis  _proteol"sis source o'

glucose 'rom 'ood

'rom stores $gl"cogen% gluconeogenesis 'ate o' glucose gl"col"sis

?ELLFE ST7TE F7STN< ST7TE source o'

'att" acids 'rom 'ood TA2 'rom storage TA2 'ate o' 'att" acids b_.o+idation s"nthesis o' TA2  b_.o+idation ketogenesis

?ELLFE ST7TE F7STN< ST7TE source o'

'att" acids 'rom 'ood TA2 'rom storage TA2 'ate o' 'att" acids b_.o+idation s"nthesis o' TA2  b_.o+idation ketogenesis source o'

amino acids 'rom 'ood

'rom muscle proteins 'ate o' amino acids proteos"nthesis o+idation lipogenesis gluconeogenesis

5ET7B9LS5 9F 7559N7

 T:E 5P94T7N;E 9F

<LUT75NE 

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S4NT0ESIS O- N1*LEOTI/ES $   N1*LEI*

A*I/S% 

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ET9AF;7T9N 9F 75N9 N $.N0 ₇  TRANS,ORT% 

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S8NT:ESS 9F ;T4ULLNE $1SE/ IN 1REA *4*LE%( 

 _{INTAKE O- ,ROTEINS IN A /IET} $-E/ STATE%  OR

 _{/E2RA/ATION O- BO/4 ,ROTEINS} $STARDATION% 

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ENTERO*4TE _{( 2LN}  _*ITR1LLINE  _BLOO/

 _KI/NE4S

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KI/NE4S _{( *ITR1LLINE}  _AR2  _BLOO/ 

LIDER

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LIDER _{( AR2}  _{1REA < ORNIT0INE}

94NT:NE → IN*REASE/ DELO*IT4 O- T0E U4E7 ;8;LE

<ENE47L P4N;PLES 9F

4E<UL7T9N

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*ATABOLI* 5 ANABOLI* ,RO*ESSES

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LAST STE, O- EA*0 RE21LATION ME*0ANISM( ;:7N<E 9F 7

;9N;ENT47T9N 9F 7N 7;TE

EN85E $= RE21LATOR4 OR KE4 ENH4ME% 

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4E<UL7T948 EN85ES

 9FTEN 7LL9STE4; EN85ES  ;7T7L8E :<L8 EAE4<9N;

4E7;T9NS (44EE4BLE$

) 4E<UL7T9N 9N T:E

94<7NS5 LEEL

6

SI2NAL TRANSMISSION AMON2 *ELLS

$SI2NAL S1BSTAN*ES% 

7

SI2NAL TRANSS/1*TION T0RO120 T0E *ELL MEMBRANE

:

IN-L1EN*E O- ENH4ME A*TIDIT4(

 NU;T9N 9F 7 <ENE EAP4ESS9N

 NTE4;9NE4S9N 9F EASTN< EN85ES

) 4E<UL7T9N 9N T:E ;ELL

LEEL

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_{*OM,ARTMENTALIHATION O- MTB}

,AT0?A4S

7

*0AN2E O- ENH4ME *ON*ENTRATION

$ON T0E LEDEL S4NT0ESIS

O-NE? EN85E  % 

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*0AN2E O- ENH4ME A*TIDIT4

$AN EASTN< EN85E  IS

1) ;95P74T5ENT7L7T9N 9F 5TB

P7T?78S 

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T47NSP94T P49;ESSES BET?EEN *OM,ARTMENTS

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DARIO1S EN85E ST4BUT9N

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DARIO1S ST4BUT9N 9F

SUBST47TES 7N P49U;TS $ TRANS,ORT%

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TRANS,ORT O- *OENH4MES

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S1BSE1ENT ,RO*ESSES ARE *LOSE TO EA*0 OT0ER

>) S8NT:ESS 9F NE? EN85E

59LE;ULES@ 

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IN/1*TION B4 S1BSTRATE OR RE,RESSION B4 ,RO/1*T 

$ON T0E LEDEL O- TRANS*RI,TION% 

EAM,LES(

ENOBIOTI*S  IN/1*TION O- *4T ,8@> 0EME  RE,RESSION O- /ELTA.

3) ;:7N<E 9F 7;TT8 9F 7N

EASTN< EN85E 

a$ N 4EL7T9N T9 7N EN85E KNET;S  ;9N;ENT47T9N 9F SUBST47TES (  K5$

 77L7BLT8 9F ;9EN85ES

 ;9NSU5PT9N 9F P49U;TS

 P: ;:7N<ES

b$

b$

7;T7T9N 94 N7;T7T9N 9F T:E7;T7T9N 94 N7;T7T9N 9F T:E

EN85E

EN85E

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*ODALENT MO/I-I*ATION O- T0E*ODALENT MO/I-I*ATION O- T0E ENH4MES ENH4MES   INTER*ONDERSION(INTER*ONDERSION( ,0OS,0OR4LATION5/E,0OS,0OR4LATION% ,0OS,0OR4LATION5/E,0OS,0OR4LATION% 

 *LEADA2E O- AN *LEADA2E O- AN ,RE*1RSORE $,ROENH4ME&,RE*1RSORE $,ROENH4ME& H4MO2EN%

H4MO2EN%

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MO/1LATION O- A*TIDIT4 B4MO/1LATION O- A*TIDIT4 B4 MO/1LATORS $LI2AN/S%(

MO/1LATORS $LI2AN/S%(

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 -EE/ BA*K IN0IBITION-EE/ BA*K IN0IBITION

3) ;:7N<E 9F 7;TT8 9F 7N

3) ;:7N<E 9F 7;TT8 9F 7N

EASTN< EN85E 

P:9SP:948L7T9N /

P:9SP:948L7T9N /

EP:9SP:948L7T9N

EP:9SP:948L7T9N

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SOME ENH4MES ARE A*TIDE IN ASOME ENH4MES ARE A*TIDE IN A

,0OS,0OR4LATE

,0OS,0OR4LATE/ -ORM& / -ORM& SOME ARESOME ARE

INA*TIDE

INA*TIDE

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,0OS,0OR4LATION(,0OS,0OR4LATION(



,ROTEIN KINASES,ROTEIN KINASES 

57;49E4<; P:9SP:7TE57;49E4<; P:9SP:7TE AS A /ONOR O- AS A /ONOR O-T0E ,0OS,0ATE

T0E ,0OS,0ATE (7TPC$(7TPC$

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/E,0OS,0OR4LATION/E,0OS,0OR4LATION

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The figure is found at:

The figure is found at: http://stallion.abachttp://stallion.abac.peachnet.ed.peachnet.edu/sm/kmccru/sm/kmccrae/BIOL2050/Ch1ae/BIOL2050/Ch1-13/JpegArt1-13-13/JpegArt1-13/05jpeg/05_jpeg_/05jpeg/05_jpeg_HTML/index.htmHTML/index.htm

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a 2rotei kiase2rotei kiase

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• dephosphor"lation b"dephosphor"lation b"

a

a 2rotei 2*os2*atase2rotei 2*os2*atase

B$ B$

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• phosphor"latedphosphor"lated en#"me en#"me

is

is eit*er a&tiGe oreit*er a&tiGe or

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