Development of Bio Energy in
Indonesia: A case of Sweet
Sorghum as Prospective Raw
Material
Bambang Subiyanto
1), Kimihiro Tanaka
2),
Tsuyoshi Tokunaga
2), Yukio Kawamoto
3),
Fumihiko Sugiyama
4), and Katsuji Ikehata
4).
1) Deputy Chairman for Scientific Services – LIPI; 2) Ash Note Co. Ltd; 3) Supper Sorghum Japan, Co.ltd.;
4) SOL Holdings, Co.ltd
CONTENT
INTRODUCTION
SUPER SWEET SPRGHUM
FIELD TEST IN INDONESIA
Indonesia Essential Issue
•
Population: 273,2 million in 2025
– Energy demand and consumption
• Rice: 35.5 mil. Ton (2025)
• Electricity: 12 billion kWH/capita/year
• Drinking water:4,900 billion
–
Waste (191.9 million metric
ton of agriculture waste,
2008)
–
Biodiversity
•
Decreasing quality and
quantity of natural resources
•
Improving the People’s Welfare
Welfare
Natural
resources
• Macro-micro stability •Sector’s linkages •Social protection• New and renewable energy
• Green products
•Decent job
•Competency & productivity • Social developme nt
•
Clustering
Pro
poor
Pro
Job
Pro
growt
h
Pro
Env.
Welfare
improveme
nt
2010 -2014
•
Ave. growth: 6.3
–
6.8 %
•
Ave. Inflation: 4
–
6%
•
Employment growth: 5-6 % (2014)
•
Poverty rate: 8-10% (2014)
(Suhermanto, 2011)
Innovation Need for Indonesia
Food:
feed for
cow,
Energy:
Bioethanol
Forest
: Fiber,
Possibility of Super Sweet Sorghum Utilization
Sorghu
m
Leaf and
top
Stem
Bagasse
Juice
Feed of cow
Bio pellet
Power plant
Drinking syrup
Molasse
Why sweet sorghum?
•
Originally from tropical country (Ethiopia)
•
Very sensitive to sun shine and rain
•
Need length of sunshine more than 12
hours
Map of Degree of Fitness for Super Sweet Sorghum Plantation in
Indonesia
Level of Agro-climatic Suitability for Sorghum
Level of Suitability Note:
Super Sweet Sorghum field test in Indonesia
Surabaya/Pasuruan Lampung Cibinong Yogyakarta Max Brix (%) Average Brix (%) biomass (t/ha) ethanol yield (L/ha)13.4 12.6 225 8,625
Max Brix (%) Average Brix (%) biomass (t/ha) ethanol yield (L/ha)
12.3 10.8 226 7,433
Max Brix (%) Average Brix (%) biomass (t/ha) ethanol yield (L/ha)
11.1 10.1 240 7,382
Max Brix (%) Average Brix (%) biomass (t/ha) ethanol yield (L/ha)
16.1 14.1 205 8,800
Data at One-time Harvesting of Strain B
*This expected amount of Ethanol is using data of Average Brix
Super Sorghum grow very fast in low latitude area; 150 days harvesting type
Super Sorghum can be harvested in 90days.
PRODUCTION OF
LOCAL SWEET
SORGHUM ONLY
5m
Trial Plantation of Super Sorghum in LIPI Cibinong
Week 1
Week 2
Trial Plantation of Super Sorghum in LIPI Cibinong
1.2 M 1.6 M
2,0 M
Week 5 Week 6
The Difference between
Super Sorghum and Indonesian Sorghum in P3GI Pasuruan
4.5 M
Super
Sorghum
Sorghum Indonesia 133 day,
Super Sorghum have
grown up to 4.5M 90 days
Strain B
Yearly Result of Super Sorghum test in Cibinong
200t
87t
148t
Strain A Strain B
230t
ADVANTAGES
(Calculation of Biomass)
Sorghum
(400
–
600
ton)
Leaf and top
(100 -150 ton)
Stem
(300-450 ton)
Bagasse
(90
–
135 ton)
Juice
(210
–
315
ton)
25
%
75
%
70%
30%
Density: 0.5Volume of
bagasse (180
–
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Stand age (yr)
Business model of Super Sorghum in Indonesia
Super Sorghum(Cultivar A) 100,250 plants per 1ha
Harvest 3time per year
430ton
Sugar Yield
29.8 ton
Bagasse
204.25 ton
Leaf and Head residue weight -> 107.5 ton/ha Steam weight after juice -> 96.75 ton/ha
Bio-ethanol
17,700 liter/ha/year
High-test Molasses(65%) 45.8ton/ha/year
High Fructose Content Syrup 38.3ton/ha/year
Silage
183.8ton/ha/year
Product
Case of Bio-ethanol
Case of Molasses
Case of HFCS
Case of Silage
In house power generation
The following is Business mode of Super Sorghum in Indonesia.
The data is based on the test result with Indonesian Institute of Sciences(LIPI) and our group. We have confidence to achieve 430 tons biomass yield in Indonesia.
