READING MATERIALS DEVELOPMENT FOR STUDENTS OF HELVETIA MIDWIFERI ACADEMY.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

his my plea.vt.R to aclr.nowtedge the following people for their contribution to

my

education and rescan:h. My siDcere gratitude and deep appreciation

are

addressed

to: Pro£ M. Silitonga and Prof.

Dr.

Busmin Guming. M.Pd. my thesis advisors, for their guidance. e.DCO'W'Bgement, patien~ supports and helpfu1 suggestions for improving and finishing this thesis.

i

It is also my pleasure to acknowledge Prof. Dr: Berlin Sibarani. MPd.. Prof.

Dr. Li:Aoe

s.illombing. M.Pd., and Dr. Didik Santoso, M.:Pd.. my review~ for their patienCe in helping. conecting. and advising me in this study, and who have opened up and developed my thinking in finishing this study. Prof. Dr. Belferik ManuUang, the Dilector of .Postgraduate Sclwo1 of State University of Medal\, and his staff for their kind services during my study. And all of the lecturers of English Applied

Linguistics Study Program that the writer cannot mention one by one., for their help in teaching me without which this study would not have been possible. The Director of Helvetia Midwifery Academy, Hj. Mei E6sa Safitri, SKM., together with all her staffs, for their contn"bution and permission in conducting the ~h and providing

,.

fJreat thaAb also go to my classmates intake XIV for their friendly

collabo:rations during my study. I would like to extend my special thanks to my beloved wife. Dta. Dalimawaty Kadir MPd., and my clilldren Adil Pane:; and Hakim

Pane, for their patience and ~g dwiAg my study by

sivmg

me tremendous

support

in

finishing this thesis. Finally,l wish to thank ro.y beloved motbct, Hj. Lokot · RDslaini. Hrp. and all of my family for their encowagement and prayers during the completion of1b.it study.

Medan, June 111 , 2011

ABSTRAcr

Armyen Pane, 2011- Reading Materials Development for Students of Helvetia

Midwifery Academy. Thesis, Applied Linguistie~t State University ofMedan.

Many reading material• resourua iA reference to students• mtdiAs A<*ls

given to students of Akbid. on one band, were available at large. The writer, bowtVcr,

wondered. wbk.b were the most relevant ones based on their needs.. On the OCher

band.

the syllabus prepared by the institution was not unfortunately focused on the

specific materials which were relevant to what the students needed. Thus, the aim of

thiJ study was to develop t.be students' reading materials wbicla were rcfcvant to their

needs by describing the needs analysis of English reading materials of1he students at Helvetia Midwifery Academy in Medan. The data were collected by

doins

interviews

to the lectllra's 8Dd giving qucstiormaires to 1bc 1filid..year students of Akbid Helw:tia Medan. The data from 1he interviews

were

sapplememcd by those of q~

auwered by the &tudeots. The data were theA analyzed to defiDe the ltudent'a nced.a. The

flDdmgs

of the researdl revealed that the most dominant need

was

the matc:riaJs re~ ·to midwi~ discipline .some of which ~ the dcmOOpmeal of JIRSDIDCY

and c:hildbirth on lllOtha', fetus, baby's development and growth, immunization,

Armyen Pane, 2011 "'Peogembangan Bahan Membaca uotuk Mabasiswa Akademi KebidaDaa Helvetia. Teals. Linguistik Terapan, \Jniversitaa Negeri Medall

Di

satu sisi, baDyak wmber bebaD becaaD Y8AS dl''berikan pada mabuiawa Akbid

sehubuogan

deogan kebutuhan

membaca

mereka dapat ditemukm d.imeoa-m.a.oa. Namam peou.Jis biaguog yang mana dari baban b.acatm yq tersedia tersebut

yang paling sesuai dengan kebutuhan mereka. Di sisi

lain..

silabus yang disiapkan

oleh institusi sayangnya tidak terfokus pada materi khusus yang retevan dengan apa yang dibutuhkaD olda mahasi.wa akbid. Oleh kama i~ tujwm penelitiu iDi adalab wrtuk mengembangkau babaD. ajar yang sesuai atau relevan dcngan kebutuban me.reb

$ebasai

mabasiswa akbid de;nsao mcojabarkan analisis kebutuhan baban ajar bahasa 1nggris terbadap mabasiswa Akademi Kebidanan Helvetia Medm. Data dikumpulbn dqan mewa~ beberapa dosen pengampu mata kuliah kebidaun. Data basil intc:vicw diJenskepi deDpR kuesiODCt YaDS diiai oJda

mahaslma.

Kemudian data diaoalisis guna me:meotukan kebutuhan mabasiswa. Hasi1

pcPditiao .menUDjukbm c.hwa kebutuhao )'3D8 palina dominaD adalab behau . . .

babasa IDggris 78D8 mc:a:yanakut bidmg disiplin mereta beberapa diamaranya adalah

• perkanbangan k.ebamilan

dan

kelahinm peda ibu, Qlbang beyi, petkembengan dan

pertumbuhaa bayi, immUD.isui~ mekaniime keS&biran normal, diare, daD SaiD-lain.

Selain itu tata babasa dan kosakata. dari bahan ajar yang bam perlu juga

di.c;ederhanakan .k:arena sebahagian besar mahasiswa mengaJami kesulitao dalam

memabami teks..

CONTENTS

Page

Preface

Acknowledgements . . . • . . . • . . . • . . . ii

Contents iv

Lists of Appe.Ddices •• • . .. .• .... .... .. .. • • .. • .. .. •. • .. • . .. ... . . . .. . . • . . • . .. . . vii Lists ofTabtes... ix

Abstract X

CHA.PTER 1: INTRODUCTION ... ... ... ... . .. .. ... . .. . .. . .. .. .... 1 1.1 Background of study

1.2 Research Problem of 1he Study

1.3 The Objectives of the Study

4 6 1.4 Th~ Significance of the Study . .. .. ... .. . . • . .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. .. . ... 6 l.S

The

Scope of the Study . .. ... .... . .... .. . .. .. •. . .. . .. .. .. . ... 6 CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE

2.1 English for Specific Purpose

2.2. The Role of Teaching Materials ... .. 2.2.1 As a Soun:e of Language ... . 2.2.2 As a Leaming Support ... .. 2.2.3 As Motivation and Stimulation ... .. 2.3 Reading Text as Materials ... .. 2.3.1 1be importance of teaching reading ... .. 2.4 ESP Materials Development

2.4.1 Writing Materials for Reading

7

7 8 9 9 9

10

11 14 15

2.4.2 Evaluating the Reading Materials ... .. 2.5 Needs Analysis ... .. 2.5. 1 Defining the Students Needs ... . 2.5.2 The Authenticity of the Materials ... . 2.6 Problems Findings ... .

2.7 Theories of Learning ... ~ ... .. 2. 7.1 Cognitive code: Learners as thinking beings ... .. 2.8 Text·Based Syllabus

2.9 Materials Design ... . 2. 9 .I Defining Objectives ... .. 2.9.2 A Materials Design Model ... .. 2.9.3 Materials

2.9.4 Syllabus ... .. CHAPTER Ill: METHODOLOGY OF THE RESEARCH ... .. 3.1 Research Design ... .. 3.2 Data and Data Sources

3.3 Data Collection

3.4 .1 QuestioMaires ... .

3.4.2 Interview ... .. 3.4.3 Documents

3 .4 The Procedures of Materials Development ... .. CHAPTER IV: MATERIALS NEEDS ... . 4.1 The Materials Needs

'

---·---···---·

-- ··-··

4.1.2.2 Relevant Reading Materials Based on the Priority ..•.•. 44 4.1.2.3 Frequency of Difficulties on 1he Elements of Reading... 45 4.1.2.4 ~el of Difficulties on the Elements of Reading Based on

Priority . . . • . . . ... ... 46

4.2 Discussions 46

4.2.1 The Weaknesses of The Existing Syllabus··~···... 48 4.3 The Procedun:s ofMattrials Developments ... ..• ... . .. .... . .. .•.. 49

4.3.1 The Students' Needs

4.3.2 Evaluating the Existing Materials

50

Sl

4.3.2.1 The Grammar, Vocabulary. and Terminology... 53

4.3.2.2 Genre of the New Reading Materials ... ... 54

4.4 Writing Draft 4.5 Revising Draft

S4 57 .. 4.6 Design Reading Model ... ... ... .... .. ... .. ... . .... . . .. .. . .. . .. ... 58

4.6.1 Input: Finding the Reading Text 4.6.2 Content:. Body's Blood System

4.6.3 Language Focus 4. 6.4 Task

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions

5.2 Suggestions References

59 60 61 62

65

65 66

I .

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