TRACING THE IMPACT OF SURVEILLANCE AND N

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11

th

International Symposium

Communication in the Millennium

CIM 2013

Organized by

Association of Turkish and American Communication Scholars

In Cooperation with

University of Texas at Austin (U.S.A.) Anadolu University (Turkey)

Istanbul University (Turkey)

Hosted by

St. Cloud State University,College of Liberal Arts, St. Cloud, Minnesota, U.S.A.

www.stcloudstate.edu

Dates May 20-24, 2013

Location St.Cloud, Minnesota

(U.S.A.)

e- mail:

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The Association of Turkish and American Scholars

(ATACS)

The international symposium Communication in the Millennium has been organized since 2003 by scholars in Turkey and the United States, and each year the symposium organizers have noticed increasing interest in this academic event. Because of this interest, the co-founders and the organization committee of this symposium decided to form an association where both countries’ scholars are represented.

The mission of the ATACS is to advance the communication profession in both countries through well-grounded academic research and to foster communication academics’ cooperation. The Communication in the Millennium is the established ATACS project, but the association will be working on different projects to serve its mission in the near future.

ISBN 978-975-98560-6-9

HOW TO CITE PAPERS INCLUDED IN THE SYMPOSIUM CD?

Please use this form:

Yüksel, E., & Uçar, F. (2013). What do people think about the health content of Turkish press? Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium Communication in the Millennium, p.25–37. Pdf file, CD.

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior

written permission of the publisher.

The publisher has no responsibility for the content of the papers. The papers contained in this symposium book have been provided by authors. Authors are responsible for the contents of their own papers and they are also responsible for copyrighted materials

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iii

e-Book

ISBN 978-975-98560-6-9

CIM 2013

11

th

_{International Symposium}

Communication in the Millennium

The Association of Turkish and American Scholars (ATACS)

Symposium web page:

http://cim.anadolu.edu.tr

e-mail: cim@anadolu.edu.tr

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Communication in the Millennium Co-Founders / Co-Chairs:

 Maxwell E. McCombs, Ph.D. , University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.

 Erkan Yuksel, Ph.D, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, TURKEY

 Serra Gorpe, Ph.D., APR, Istanbul University, Istanbul, TURKEY

The Association of Turkish and American Communication Scholars (ATACS)

Board Members:

 President: Maxwell E. McCombs, Ph.D. , University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.  Erkan Yuksel, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

 Serra Gorpe, Ph.D., APR, Istanbul University, Turkey

 Donald L. Shaw, Ph.D., University of North Carolina, U.S.A.

 Brad Hamm, Ph.D., University of Indiana, U.S.A.

 David Weaver, Ph.D., University of Indiana, U.S.A.

 Christine l. Ogan Ph.D., University of Indiana, U.S.A.

 Amy Schmitz Weiss, Ph.D., San Diego State University, U.S.A.

 Roseanna Gaye Ross, Ph.D.,St. Cloud State University , U.S.A.

Advisory Board:

 Judith K. Litterst , Ph.D., St. Cloud State University , U.S.A.

 Werner Severin, Ph.D., Austin, Texas, U.S.A.

 Ugur Demiray, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

 Suat Gezgin, Ph.D., Istanbul University, Turkey

 Sezen Unlu, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

 Nejdet Atabek, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

 Nazli Bayram, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

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v

CIM 2013 Organization Committee

 PRESIDENT: Roseanna Gaye Ross, Ph.D.,St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.  Judith K. Litterst , Ph.D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.

 Diana L. Rehling, Ph.D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.

 Roger Rudolph, Ph.D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.

 Gail M. Ruhland, Ed. D., St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.

 Molly R. McAlister, Communication Studies Public Relations Student Assistant, St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.

 Maxwell E. McCombs, Ph.D., University of Texas at Austin, U.S.A.

 Amy Schmitz Weiss, Ph.D., San Diego State University, U.S.A.

 Erkan Yüksel , Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

 Serra Görpe, Ph.D., İstanbul University, Turkey

 Also thanks to Charlotte Kastanek, Linda Kappes, Jyotindra Acharya, Sworup Vaidya, and Yue Li from St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.

CIM 2013 Invited Referees and Scientific Committee

 Ahmet Kalender, Ph. D. Selcuk University, Turkey  Ahmet Şahinkaya, Ph.D. Marmara University, Turkey

 Ahmet Tolungüç, Ph.D. Baskent University, Turkey

 Ahmet Haluk Yuksel, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey  Amy Schmitz Weiss, Ph.D. San Diego University, U.S.A.

 Arne Westermann, Ph.D. Quadriga Hochschule Berlin, Germany  Asker Kartari, Ph.D. Kadir Has University, Turkey

 Aysel Aziz, Ph. D. TBC

 Aysun Yuksel, Ph.D Anadolu University, Turkey

 Brad J. Hamm, Ph.D. Indiana University Bloomington, U.S.A.  Christine L. Ogan, Ph.D. Indiana University Bloomington . U.S.A.  Corey Hickerson, Ph.D. James Madison University, USA

 David H. Weaver, Ph.D. Indiana University Bloomington, U.S.A.  Deniz Taşçı, Ph. D. Anadolu University, Turkey

 Diana Rehling, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University . U.S.A.  Don Stacks, Ph.D. University of Miami, U.S.A.

 Donald Shaw, Ph.D. University of North Carolina . U.S.A.  Eli Avraham, Ph.D. Haifa University, Israel

 Emin Doğan Aydın, Ph.D. Marmara University, Turkey  Erkan Yüksel, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey

 Frank Kalupa, Ph.D. James Madison University, U.S.A.  Funda Savaş Gün, Ph. D. Marmara University, Turkey

 Gary Kreps, Ph.D. George Mason University, USA  H. Ibrahim Gurcan, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey  Haluk Gurgen, Ph.D. Bahcesehir University, Turkey

 Homero Gil de Zuniga, Ph.D. University of Texas Austin, U.S.A.  Joseph E. Phelps, Ph.D. The University Of Alabama, USA  Judith K. Litterst, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University . U.S.A.  Karin G. Wilkins, Ph.D. University of Texas Austin. U.S.A.  Konca Yumlu, Ph.D. Ege University, Turkey

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 Mircea Constantinescu, Ph.D. University of Bucarest, Romania  Murat Ozgen , Ph.D. Istanbul University, Turkey

 Nejdet Atabek, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey  Neşe Kars, Ph.D. Istanbul University, Turkey  Nezih Orhon, Ph. D. Anadolu University, Turkey  Ozden Cankaya, Ph.D. Galatasaray University, Turkey

 Peter Blokhuis, Ph.D. Christelijke Hogeschool Ede, The Netherlands  Peyami Celikcan, , Ph.D. Marmara University, Turkey

 Ramesh C. Sharma, Ph.D. Indira Gandhi National Open University, India  R. Ayhan Yılmaz, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey

 Roger Rudolph, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.  Roseanna Ross, Ph.D. St. Cloud State University, U.S.A.  Sermin Tekinalp, Ph. D. Girne American University TRNC  Serra Görpe, Ph.D. Istanbul University, Turkey

 Sevda Alankuş, Ph.D. İzmir Ekonomi University, Turkey

 Sezen Ünlü, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey

 Sezer Akarcalı, Ph.D. Kyrgyzstan-Turkey Manas University  Süleyman İrvan, Ph.D. Eastern Mediterranean University, TRNC

 Ugur Demiray, Ph.D. Anadolu University, Turkey

 Yasemin Giritli İnceoğlu, Ph.D. Galatasaray University, Turkey

 Zeynep Tül Akbal, Ph.D. Bahcesehir University, Turkey

Editors of the symposium e-book

Erkan Yüksel, Ph.D., Anadolu University, Turkey

R. Assist. Fatma Uçar, Anadolu University, Turkey

CD Cover Designer:

Burcu Üçok, Anadolu University, Turkey

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CONTENT

Co-Founders & Co-Chairs ……… iv

The Association of Turkish and American Communication Scholars……….. iv

Organization Committee ………. v

Referees and Scientific Committee ……….. iv

Introduction 1-2

Abstracts / Papers 3-270

Instructor Can Cemal CİNGİ, İpek EMEKSİZ 3-17

Anadolu University, TURKEY

Design analysis of mobile operator websites operating in Turkey

Asli SEZGİN (Ph.D. Candidate) 18-24

Gazi University, TURKEY

The new media dimension of political communication: shares with political content- a research about Facebook users

Prof. Dr. Erkan YUKSEL, R. Asist. Fatma UÇAR 25-37

What do people think and do with the health content of Turkish press?

Assistant Professor Dr. Gamze CILIZOĞLU,Assistant Professor Dr. Kerim KARAGÖZ 38-45

Kocaeli University, TURKEY

Perception of Risk Creation in Societies by Printed Media In Process Of Globalization, an Analysis over Immigration/Immigrant Phenomenon

Çiğdem ÇALAPKULU (Ph.D. Candidate) 46-63

Communication Process in Turkish Family Relations

Chuan-wei HU (Ph.D. Candidate) 64-83

University of Sheffield, UK; National Taiwan University, TAIWAN The Coming Age of “Rhetorical Democracy”

Assistant Professor Dr. A. Fulya ŞEN 84-92

Fırat University, TURKEY

The Media Representation of the Student Protests: A Case Study on the Anti-Government Protest Movements of Middle East Technical University Students in Turkish News Media

Assistant Professor Dr.Rengin OZAN 93-96

Istanbul University, TURKEY

An Analysis of Arab Spring News from the Perspective of S. Halls’s Critical Reading

Assistant Professor Soumia BARDHAN 97-116

St.Cloud State University, U.S.A.

Phenomenological structure of governance-Egypt

Assistant Professor Dr. William SCHULTE 117-130

Winthrop University, U.S.A.

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Erdem ONGUN (Ph.D.),Feride Z. GUDER (Ph.D.),Askın DEMIRAG (Ph.D.) 131-138

Kadir Has University, Kultur University, Yeditepe University, TURKEY

A Comparative Study on the Transformation of Istanbul Memes in the Millennium

Associated Professor Dr. Davut Alper ALTUNAY, Meltem Cemiloğlu ALTUNAY 139-152

The representation of the foreigner in the series of “The Magnificent Century”

Professor Barbara Ruth BURKE 153-163

University of Minnesota, U.S.A. 21st_{Century Media Litaracy}

Assistant Professor Dr. Elif Gizem UĞURLU 164-173

Tracing the Impact of Surveillance and New Communication Technologies on Turkish TV Series

R. Assistant Çiğdem Yasemin ÜNLÜ 174-186

An Audience Research about Representation of Violence in Breaking Bad

Serra GORPE, Chang Wan WOO, Frank KALUPA 187-188

Istanbul University, Madison University

Professional Perspectives: An International Study of Professionalism, Ethics, and the Social Value of Public Relations

R. Assistant Gülcan ŞENER, R. Assistant İçten Duygu ÇALLI, Ph.D. 189-202

Anadolu University, Yaşar University, TURKEY

Nudity as a Sex Appeal in Magazine Advertisements: Gender Differences

in Turkish Consumers’ Responses “A Comparison between Men’s and Women’s Magazines”

R. Assistant İçten Duygu ÇALLI, Ph.D. 203-214

Yaşar University, TURKEY

Speaking the same language: Turkish emigrants’ attitudes towards Turkish television advertising in Germany

Assistant Professor Dr. Mine DEMIRTAŞ, Dr. Ayşe Zafer BAŞKAYA 215-225

Maltepe University, TURKEY

Reality TV: A Case Study on Viewing Motives of 'The Voice of Turkey' In Light of Media Effects Theories

Meltem Cemiloğlu ALTUNAY, Associated Professor Dr. Davut Alper ALTUNAY 226-238

The representation of main characters in Turkish television series

Assistant Professor Dr. Hakan UGURLU 239-243

The Reflection of Information Society Effect to Visual Narrative Structures: What If Detective Columbo Had Owned a Smart Phone

Assistant Professor Dr. Hasret AKTAŞ, Associated Professor Dr. Bünyamin AYHAN, 244-250 Associated Professor Dr. Hüseyin ALTUNBAŞ

Kyrgyzstan-Türkiye Manas University, Selçuk University, KYRGYZSTAN, TURKEY Internet and the Youth: Internet Addiction among University Students in Kyrgyzstan

Professor Dr. Wendy L. BJORKLUND,Prof. Dr. Diana L. REHLING 251-262

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Associated Professor Dr. Bünyamin AYHAN, Assistant Professor Dr. Hasret AKTAŞ, 263-264 Associated Professor Dr.Mehmet Nejat ÖZÜPEK

Kyrgyzstan-Türkiye Manas University, Selçuk University, KYRGYZSTAN, TURKEY Addiction or Necessity: Mobile Phone Using Among University Students in Kyrgyzstan

Assistant Professor Dr. Besim YILDIRIM 265-270

Atatürk University, TURKEY

Conversion of Professional Identity in the Context of New Communication Technologies

Schedule 271-274

CIM 2013 Best Paper Awards 275

CIM 2013 Best Presentation Awards 275

News Article 276-277

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TRACING THE IMPACT OF SURVEILLANCE AND NEW

COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON TURKISH TV SERIES

Elif Gizem UĞURLU, Asst. Prof. Dr.

Anadolu University, Turkey egugurlu@anadolu.edu.tr

Elif Gizem UĞURLU Graduated from Anadolu University, Faculty of Communication Sciences,

Cinema and TV department. Has a PhD on Interactive Communication and Surveillance at Anadolu University, Institute of Social Sciences. She has papers submitted to international meetings and articles published in national peer-review periodicals. The exhibited individual videoart performance which name was “Positif”. Has been full time working since 1998 at Anadolu University Communication Sciences, Cinema and TV department as an Assistant Professor.

Abstract

Interactive communication medium which makes gathering information about individuals easier is the product of new communication technologies. Exchanging data can be more rapid, systematic and advanced from the past thanks to the interactive feature of new communication technologies. Depending on development and use of communication technologies, all social or daily relations have become opened to be monitored electronically in all private or public areas. Also, interactive communication tools which can be used individually enable to collect personal choice, appreciation and use technically. It is observed that tools called as interactive communication media such as phone and Internet are used frequently in the television series.

Computers supplement the surveillance practice. Surveillance capacity increases as the technology improves. Many details in the life of ordinary people are gathered in the data banks of big companies, and they can be processed, interpreted and paired with the usage of computer softwares. The developments in

the field of information technology prevails “Informatic Surveillance” in global terms as well. Countries

who have the power to produce information technologies not only have the chance to support their economies by exporting their technologies and also they own a system that can control the mankind through surveillance systems, in a way that has never been observed through history.

It is accepted that television series, one of the effective communication tools, also reflects the society. There is not any work regarding how the use of new communication technologies is being displayed to the audience in the movies which are also the manufacturer of the popular culture. New information technologies differ from the traditional communication tools in terms of speed, access, storage capacity and its feature of providing new services to emerge. It can lead to significant changes in economic, political and social areas. What percentage of these types of indicators takes place in the television series should be investigated. It is required to know in which rate the features of interactive communication tools such as data collection, recording, association, grouping, sharing are observed.

According to this research, some 7 Turkish series have been selected. How the new communication technologies take part in series and characters’ ways for using the new communication technologies are resolved. In addition, research is a case detection work through indicators in the direction whether interactive communication tools of series have any narrative or message regarding the monitoring capacity.

TRACING THE IMPACT OF SURVEILLANCE AND NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ON TURKISH TV SERIES

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165

new lifestyles. It can be observed that for many people, the new communication technology has become one of the inevitable parts of life, especially in big cities. The new technology has spread in a more rapid way in contrast to what manufacturers are expecting.

Interactivity is a main characteristic of new communication technology. Interactive means of communication have features such as; collecting data, storing, saving, associating, grouping, and sharing. Communication technology used in daily life and their interactivity contributes to collecting data about individuals. And thus, it enables practice of surveillance. With the development in the quality and efficiency of surveillance technology, “informatic surveillance” has become dominant over the world. It is known that TV has cultural effects through programs. On the other hand, it is a verifiable truth that the programs are the reflection of the culture. In this respect, it is possible to interpret some images as the social reflection based on TV series.

THE NEW COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS SURVEILLANCE CAPACITY

Computers pave the way for a smooth and fast monitoring and objectification of people while

watching over daily routines. As Lyon stated ‘Being a part of modern society means getting

under control of it’ (Lyon,1997: 17). Gathering, saving, associating, grouping, and sharing information provide for surveillance. Computers, mobile phones, credit cards, and every other tool used for sending data to computer systems and satellites like library cards are unobstrusive ways of surveillance. These ways should be used to regulate the existent social order. Therefore, whilst the process of social order is shaped through using these devices, they also serve as a means of social surveillance.

It is natural for a great number of people to view these as a source of saving time and a quality of life. The surveillance structures itself within unobstructive ways through such a combination. People seldom question themselves as objects of this surveillance. Even those who are uneasy of this may not know how complicated the information gathered about them or for whose profit it has been so precious. It can be missed out that the new communication technologies or at least interactive communication tools have numeral substructures and thus, can gather data about its user through recording, saving, associating and sharing (Uğurlu, 2010; 192).

The New Surveillance Technology

It should be remembered that massive surveillance has not been a new case and has been developing within society. People used to be data subjects before the emergence of computers. Paper documents kept in all parts of modern life can be taken under control in digital media by the help of technology (Lyon, 1997: 63).

What is new in surveillance are technology and its qualities offering easiness to the system. The cost of operating information has been decreasing and the speed has been increasing. The decrease of its cost has brought its use widely within itself. Collecting many kinds of data with an increasing amount and associating these with one another have become easier. And also the storage capacity has been increasing. These feautures not only have eased consumers, consumption, production and social surveillance which were difficult and costly in the past but also have made data collected financially valuable.

METHOD

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been taken into consideration and seven films out of the first ten have been included in the study.

Kurtlar Vadisi Pusu, Arka Sokaklar, İntikam, Benim İçin Üzülme, Kuzey Güney, Sakarya

Fırat, Dila Hanım are the TV series under analysis. The way how characters use communication

tools and their goal to use them have been observed in TV series.

Moreover, how new communication instruments are used in Turkish TV series has been observed through content analysis method. These Turkish TV series have been observed on the basis of whether they have a say, an indicator about the surveillance capacity of interactive communicational tools or any messages or not.

FINDINGS AND COMMENTS

The Use of New Communication Technology

In this study, the use of telephone and computer regarded as new communication technology is apparent. The use of a safe box accessed with fingerprints, doors operated with cards, tools that block phones (jammers) is also present in these TV series.

The frequency of the use of communication technology is a hundred twenty times in these seven TV series studied. The use of mobile phones is the most frequent. The use of Ipads and notebooks is rather small. Landline telephones (2) and transmitters (2) have been used in some TV series.

Age and Gender

Among the seven films analyzed, the range of age using new communication technology is between 7 (1) to 70 (3). The majority of people using communication technology is men among the TV series under analysis. Totally, thirty out of a hundred twenty characters is women (25%).

Greetings on the Phone and Operating Time

How were phone calls answered? ‘Hi’ or its equivalents were commonly used as greetings on

the phones without digital screens or the caller identity. On telephones with digital screens, the caller identities can be seen. This has altered greetings on the phones. The callers are greeted with their names. Sometimes one may prefer not to answer the call due to caller identity.

Any caller can be informed by telephone network service like ‘The person you have called can

not be reached at the moment’, ‘The person is busy right now’,’You may leave a message’. One

can see the images of how these charecteristics are used in these TV series. However, these features haven’t been displayed in a decent way. (e.g not answering a phone call from an unwanted person).

Who uses these tools? What are these tools used for?

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Photograph: 1 Photograph: 2

The police also use them to search on the internet and keep track of its users. The fact that the data collected by ordinary people without the permission of others cannot be accepted as a legal evidence has been illustrated in two of these TV series. (See photograph 3).

Photograph: 3

In these TV series, in addition to making phone calls, mobile phones are also used to text messages, record, take photos, and send photos to digital areas. (See photograph 4 ).

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Mobile phones exist in our lives as a part of our body. It can be clearly seen in a scene how close a character may identify himself with his phone. He uses the phone as an extension of his body. (See photograph 5 ).

Photograph: 5

It is also used for video calls. It is used for special situations as in ordinary lives. In one of the TV series, the daughter of the character was kidnapped. A video call was preferred to prove the girl is alive in one of the scenes. Tablet computers were also used to make a video call. (See photograph 6 - 7).

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The young are the ones who use telephones to take photos. They use the phone as a photo album. They can both look at this album and show it to their close friends. They share photos with each other. (See photograph 8).

Photograph: 8

The latest version of the mobile phones can be the symbol of wealth and power in TV series that take place in big cities. Yet, in these TV series, people employed as caretakers have old-fashioned phones no matter how big the cities they live in. (See photograph 9-10-11).

Photograph: 9 Photograph: 10 Photograph: 11

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Photograph: 12 Photograph: 13

In rural areas, the son of a family can interfere in the telephone conversation of the women who

aren’t married. That son can inquire about who the caller is, why they phone and he may even

get angry if he realizes that the caller is a man. (See photograph14-15-16).

Photograph: 14 Photograph: 15 Photograph: 16

Landline telephones are still in use. However, they are used for extension telephones in offices and in old houses. The young prefer mobile phones or computers rather than landline telephones that lie on their coffee tables in their houses. (See photograph 17).

Photograph: 17

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171 Photograph: 18

Transmitters are used by security guards in the course of their inner communication, by soldiers during their combat operations and/or by the terrorists. (See photograph 19).

Photograph: 19

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Photograph: 20

The amount of time spent on the phone is short. The phone conversation may end within 15-20 seconds. Just in one of these TV series, a girl having a long conversation on the phone more than 30 seconds can be seen at the back of the stage.

Surveillance

The features of the internet such as keeping data, recording and associating it with other information, grouping are signs of its surveillance capacity.

For example, finding one person using the phone list, dialing the number among the saved records, saving other telephone numbers for the ones that are already recorded on their list or programming the phones to remind special days are among the things every user can simply

do. (Uğurlu, 2010: 160- 197).

In this respect, the users or viewers can be expected to recognize the fact that service suppliers can also perform the same tasks.

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RESULT

Interactive communication system is one of the systems that provide a smooth means of getting information about people. One of the reason why it penetrates into society so easily is that although considered new, it is actually built over the old one in a developed way.

In this study, TV series present reflection from various dimensions of the life. It can be seen that the new communication technology has become a part of life. It accelerates communication. People use these tools as a part of their life and consider them like parts of their body. They even develop various form of holding the phone that reflect their personality best. They are aware that they can be watched through phones. Yet, there is no direct statement that TV series are tools that keep data about their users.

REFERENCES

LYON, D. (1997) Elektronik Göz: Gözetim Toplumunun Yükselişi. Çev: Dilek Hattatoğlu.

Istanbul: Sarmal Yayınevi.

UĞURLU, E. G. (2010) “Yeni İletişim Teknolojilerinde Etkileşimlilik ve İletişim Fakültesi

Öğrencilerinin Etkileşimli İletişim Ortamları Hakkındaki Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi”.

Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Unpublished PhD. Thesis.

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