• Tidak ada hasil yang ditemukan

Numerical Approach To Wood Pyrolysis In Consideration Heat And Mass Transfer And Chemical Reaction

N/A
N/A
Protected

Academic year: 2017

Membagikan "Numerical Approach To Wood Pyrolysis In Consideration Heat And Mass Transfer And Chemical Reaction"

Copied!
5
0
0

Teks penuh

(1)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

[1] L. Lenny Bernstein and et al, "An Assessment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change," IPCC Plenary XXVII, Valencia, Spain, NOVEMBER 2007.

[2] J. Li, M.-H. Wang and Y.-S. Ho, "Trends in research on global climate change: A Science Citation Index Expanded-based analysis," Global and Planetary Change, vol. 77, pp. 13-20, 2011.

[3] Prisma, "Perubahan iklim dan Tantangan Peradaban," Prisma, Jakarta, 2010.

[4] Nation , united;, "World Population Prospects," United Nation, New York, 2011.

[5] Administration, U.S. Energy Information, "International Energy Outlook 2011," U.S. Energy Information Administration, Washington, DC 20585, 2011.

[6] BPPT, "Indonesia Energy Outlook 2012," BPPT Press, Jakarta, 2012.

[7] U. D. o. C. I. T. Administration, "Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report: Indonesia," Washington, DC 20230, 2010.

[8] Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade, "Renewable Energy Market Assessment Report Indonesia," U.S. Department of Commerce International Trade Administration, Washington, DC 20230, 2010.

[9] P. Basu, Biomass Gasification and Pyrolysis Practical Design and Theory, vol. 24, United State: Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved, 2010, p. 471–482.

[10] K. Vipul, Pyrolysis and Gasification of Lignin and Effect of Akali Addition, Georgia: Vipul Kumar, 2009.

[11] K. Jacobson, K. C.Maheria and A. K. Dala, "Bio-oil valorization:Areview,"

RenewableandSustainableEnergyReviews, vol. 23, p. 91–106, 2013.

[12] X. Li and R. Gunawan , "Upgrading of bio-oil into advanced biofuels and chemicals. Part III. Changes in aromatic structure and coke forming propensity during the catalytic hydrotreatment of a fast pyrolysis bio-oil with Pd/C catalyst," Fuel, vol. 116, p. 642–649, 2014.

(2)

Ministry of Education, Culture and Science, 2011.

[14] S. Sinha, A. Jhalani, . M. R. Ravi and A. Ray, "Modelling of Pyrolysis in Wood: A Review".

[15] K. Prakash and et al, "Kinetic Modeling in Biomass Pyrolysis – A Review,"

Journal of Applied Sciences Research, vol. 4 (12), pp. 1627-1636, 2008.

[16] C. D. Blasi , "Heat, Momentum And Mass Transport Through A Shrinking Biomass Particle Expose To Thermal Radiation," Chemical Engineering Science of Elsevier, Vols. 51, 7, pp. pp. 1121-I 132, 1996.

[17] L. Ka Leung, O. A. Olajire and Wai, "Experimental and Modelling Studies of Biomass Pyrolysis," Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 20(3), p. 543—550, 2012.

[18] P. Baggio, . M. Baratieri, . L. Fiori and . M. Grigiante, D, "Experimental and modeling analysis of a batch gasification/pyrolysis reactor," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 50, p. 1426–1435, 2009.

[19] K. Papadikis, S. Gub, A. Bridgwater and H. Gerhauser, "Application of CFD to model fast pyrolysis of biomass," Fuel Processing Technology, vol. 90, p. 504– 512, 2009.

[20] Y. Y. Wang and Lifeng , "CFD Studies on Biomass Thermochemical Conversion," International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067, vol. 9, pp. 1108-1130, 2008.

[21] ANSYS, Inc, Ansys Fluent Theory Guide, Canonsburg: ANSYS, Inc, 2011.

[22] Fédération, 9 rue de la, "World Energy Outlook 2011," www.iea.org, Paris, 2011.

[23] D. Elliott, "IEA Bioenergy," Aston University, 2014.

[24] Energy, U.S. Department of, "BIOMASS Multi-Year Program Plan," U.S. Department of Energy, 2012.

[25] H. Homma, H. Homma, Yusrizal and M. Idris, "Wood Pyrolysis in Pre-Vacuum Chamber," Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems, vol. 3, pp. 243-249, 2013.

(3)

Pyrolysis," Journal of Analytical and Ap-plied Pyrolysis, Vols. 10, 2, pp. 117-127, 1986.

[27] J. Saastamoinen, "Simplified model for calculation of devolatilization in fluidized beds," Fuel, vol. 85, p. 2388–2395, 2006.

[28] W.-C. R. Chan, M. Kelbon and B. K. Barbara , "Modelling and Experimental Eerification of Physical and Chemical Processes During Pyrolysis of a Large Biomass Particle," 984), vol. 10, pp. 1-9, 1984.

[29] K. Papadikis, "Application of CFD to model fast pyrolysis of biomass," Fuel Processing Technology , vol. 90 , p. 504–512, 2009.

[30] K. Papadikisa,, . S. Gub and A. Bridgwatera, "CFD modelling of the fast pyrolysis of biomass influidised bed reactors. Part B Heat, momentum and mass transport in bubbling fluidised beds," Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 64, pp. 1036-1045, 2009.

[31] K. Papadikis, S. Gub and . A. Bridgwater, "A CFD approach on the effect of particle size on char entrainment in bubbling fluidised bed reactors," Biomass and Bio Energy, vol. 34, p. 21 – 29, 2010.

[32] Y. Y. Wang and Lifeng, "CFD Studies on Biomass Thermochemical Conversion," http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658784/, vol. 9(6), p. 1108–1130, 30-06-2014: 7:14.

[33] S. Sinha, A. Jhalani, M. R. Ravi and A. Ray, "Modelling of Pyrolysis in Wood: A Review," Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, vol. 110016.

[34] . T. Karunanithi and N. Prakash, "Advances in Modelling and Simulation of Biomass Pyrolysis," Aseian Journal of Science Research, Vols. 2-1, pp. 1-27, 2009.

[35] C. D. Blasi, "Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis," Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, vol. 34, p. 47–90, 2008.

[36] E. Saliba, . N. Rodriguez, D. Piló-Veloso and S. Morais, "Chemical characterization of the lignins of corn and soybean agricultural residues,"

(4)

[37] A. M. Alhasan, D. Kuang, . A. Mohammad and R. S. Shivappa, "Combined effect of nitric acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment on enzy-matic saccharification of rubber wood (Heavea brasiliensis)," International Journal of Chemical Technology, Vols. 2-1, pp. 12-20, 2010.

[38] P. Engel, L. Hein and A. Spiess, "Derivatization free gel permeation chromatography elucidates enzymatic hydrolysis, Biotechnology for Biofules,"

Biotechnology for Biofules, vol. 5, pp. 77.1-77.8, (2012).

[39] A. Guerra, A. Gaspar, S. Contreras, L. Lucia and C. Crestin, "On the propensity of lignin to associate: a size exclusion chromatog-raphy study with lignin derivatives isolated from different plant species," Phytochemistry, vol. 68, pp. 2570-2583, 2007.

[40] A. Guerra, I. Filpponen, L. A. Lucia and C. Saqu-ing, "Toward a better understanding of the lignin isolation process from wood," Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry, vol. 54, pp. 5939-5947, 2006.

[41] M. Hernelind and B. Gevert, "Hydrotreatment of tar formed in gasification of biomass, American Chemical Society,," Fuel Chemistry Division Pre-prints,

Vols. 47-1, pp. 171-172, 2002.

[42] M. Hernelind and B. Gevert, "Hydrotreatment of tar formed in gasification of biomass," Fuel Chemistry Division Preprints, vol. 47(1), p. 172, 2002.

[43] G.-j. Lv, S.-b. Wu and R. Lou, "Characteristics of Corn Stalk Hemicelluloses Pyrolysis in a Tubular Teactor," Bioresourrces, Vols. 5-4, pp. 2051-2062, 2010.

[44] F. A. Lopez, O. Rodriguez, A. Urien, B. Lobato and T. Centeno, "Physico-chemical characteristics of the products derived from the thermolysis of waste Abies alba Mill wood," Journal of Environmental Protection, Vols. 4-1, pp. 26-30, 2013.

[45] T. Milne, R. Evans and N. Abatzoglou, "Biomass Gasifier “Tars”: Their nature, formation, and conversion," NREL/TP, Vols. 570-25357, p. 68, 1998.

[46] W. C. Park, A Study of Pyrolysis of Charring Materials and its Application to Fire Safety and Biomass Utilization, The University of Michigan, 2008.

(5)

Referensi

Dokumen terkait

Penerapan pembelajaran kooperatif tipe make a match memberikan pemahaman mengenai lagu daerah, meningkatkan keaktifan peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran,

Tujuan penulis menulis masalah ini adalah menghitung selisih biaya tenaga kerja standar dan biaya tenaga kerja Sesungguhnya dengan Metode Tiga Selisih, untuk mengetahui apakah

[r]

Dari segi perusahaan pengaruh metodeFull Costing untuk penentuan harga jual atas harga pokok pesanan adalah perusahaan bias mengetahui seberapa besar laba yang diinginkan dan

Dalam penulisan Laporan Kerja Praktek ini, terdapat perbedaan antara perhitungan harga pokok pesanan yang diterapkan oleh perusahaan, dengan perhitungan yang menggunakan pendekatan

Terbilang : Seratus Enam Puluh Tujuh Juta Empat Ratus Enam Puluh Empat Ribu Rupiah.. Harga Penawaran Hasil

1 berkembangbiak dengan cara apakah kucing dan ayam 2 mengapa tumbuhan yang didiami benalu akan mati 3 tuliskan 5 benda di rumahmu serta kegunaannya 4 tuliskan benda

Pertumbuhan akar yang terbaik adalah jika suhu tanah tetap berada di atas 15,5°C.. dan menurun di bawah