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Terms of Reference (ToR)
STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL ASSESSMENT (SESA) - Indonesia
Introduction about SESA
Strategic Environmental and Social Assessment or SESA is a tool that uses a range of analytical and participatory approaches that aim to integrate environmental and social consideration into policies, plans and programs and evaluate the inter linkages with economic and institutional considerations (SESA training, Nairobi 3-5 February 2010).
SESA has two components: the strategic assessment (SA) and the Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF). The strategic assessment addresses drivers of deforestation by applying ranges of analytical tools as well as participatory processes. The assessments aim to develop recommendations for institutional, policy and legal adjustment for the REDD strategy that has been developed in the Readiness Plan Proposal of R_PP. The ESMF addresses policies and legal adjustments as proposed by the strategic assessment by looking at institutional, regulatory and capacity requirements. It constitutes elements of baseline of social and environmental situations, potential risks and impacts of proposed adjustments, interventions and projects within the REDD strategy, scenario analysis, and institutional, policy, legal and capacity requirements. The framework shall be developed to monitor and mitigate potential risks of both social and environmental that might occur as the result of REDD implementation strategy as has been formulated in the R_PP.
Links between SESA and R_PP
SESA may not be separated from the R_PP that identifies sources of deforestation and forest degradation and proposes strategy to reduce emissions from the sources. The R_PP outlines policy measures to tackle deforestation and points out the importance of strengthening institutions and capacities to manage forest resource in a sustainable manner.
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or for utilizing mineral deposits inside forest areas. Deforestation may also be the result of poor forest governance as reflected in the weak enforcement of law, illegal practices and encroachment of forest areas.
Deforestation and forest degradation as stated in the R_PP may not be separated from characteristics of the country that influence the country in governing, including controlling the resource. The country is composed of many islands that form an archipelago of which rich in diversity in terms of social- cultural and economical conditions as well as bio-physical natural resources conditions across the regions. Population pressure is considerably high while its density differs across regions. The country applies a unified system of governance, which is structured in a hierarchical of national government with 33 provincial level of government and hundreds of autonomous district level government.
In implementing the REDD Readiness strategy, Indonesia establishes Demonstration Activities (DA) in collaboration with other countries as well as international agencies. Selection of the DA’s takes into consideration the diverse forest condition in the country as well as conditions of socio-economic and customary practices of community in particular who are living in the vicinity of forest areas and use the forest to sustain their livelihood and improve their well-being.
Based on the location and its collaborating partners, the DAs as has been declared by the Ministry of Forestry could be presented as the following:
KFCP project (Kalimantan Forest Carbon Parnertship) at the Central Kalimantan province in collaboration with the government of Australia; GTZ project at the East Kalimantan province in collaboration with the
government of Germany;
TNC project at the East Kalimantan province supported by The Nature Conservancy;
KOICA project at the West Nusa Tenggara province in collaboration with the government of South Korea;
ITTO project at the East Jawa province supported by the International Tropical Timber Organization;
UNREDD project supported by the UN agencies of UNEP, UNDP and FAO;
In addition of those DAs other projects are also ongoing or under preparatory stage.
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Ministry also set procedures to reduce deforestation and forest degradation through the regulation of P.30/2009. Working Group on REDD has been established to facilitate REDD implementation processes within the Ministry of Forestry. The processes for reducing emission resulting from activities of various sectors are coordinated by The National Council on Climate Change of DNPI. That body is supervised directly by the President of the country. Stakeholder consultations were organized both at the national and sub-national levels. The processes involve various parties to gather inputs from different perspectives concerning the strategy and its implementation, and they were documented in the R_PP. The documentation serves as a preliminary step to prioritize ranges of issues raised by different groups which further need to be taken into policy measures.
The implementation of REDD strategy all over the country has potential impacts both socially as well as environmentally. The impacts may benefits certain groups or certain location, but it may also bring risks that may be detrimental for others. A set of proposed actions for conducting environmental and social impacts assessments were identified in the R_PP, and they include the following:
(i) risks of REDD strategies/policies;
(ii) environmental and socio-economic impacts of REDD; (iii) potential additional benefits of REDD; and
(iv) trade-offs and risks of REDD to sustainable development.
The objectives of SESA for Indonesia therefore could be presented as the following:
(i) to identify the institutional arrangements and governance needed for the implementation of REDD Readiness strategy;
(ii) to identify the social and environmental risks from REDD strategies/policies; and
(iii) to outline possible mitigation options.
Outputs of SESA
The outputs of SESA are two-folds; in one hand it is expected to contribute in identifying and minimizing potential risks that might be resulted from the implementation of REDD policy. On the other hand, it is expected to contribute in identifying and in capturing potential benefits of both social and environmental impacts that might be delivered from the REDD policy.
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represent characteristics of social-economical of certain region as well as bio-physical characteristics which are particular, such as the extent of peat land that potentially has high contribution into forest emission. The selection of the DAs shall encompass both characteristics so they will be able to represent diverse conditions of Indonesia . Output of the SESA for Indonesia shall include but not limited to the socio-economic profile of the DA, land tenure issues, legal and policy review on REDD and Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF).
The assessments shall cover issues related to land and forest uses being raised by key stakeholders depicted from the locations of DAs, but also issues related to the management of REDD+, such as distribution of REDD revenues. It shall capture forest policy and governance as strategic component to tackle drivers of deforestation at the DAs. Particular attention shall be given to roles of community who use the forest traditionally and who need forest resource to support their livelihood and how REDD may affect them. Among of these groups are those who are living adjacent to the forests and the Indigenous People (IP). Other attention shall also be given to the group who use forest resources for commercial purposes.
The assessment of concrete REDD DP shall provide inputs for policy recommendations at a national scale and that will be followed by a proposed social and environmental management framework (ESMF) to monitor the implementation of REDD strategy during REDD implementation phase, not only in the assessed PD, but also in future PDs. The framework shall address gaps concerning legal institutional, regulatory and capacity to manage social and environmental risks. In addition, it shall outline applicable safeguard policies. SESA shall encourage public awareness on the ongoing REDD strategy and it shall encourage stakeholders to participate in refining and implementing the strategy.
Scopes of work of SESA-Indonesia
SESA shall be initiated by conducting an assessment in some selected DA sites, as the basis for discussion and further strategic assessment at a national scale; with the final objective to formulate a framework to manage risks of social and environmental upon the implementation of REDD strategy.
The strategic assessment shall be conducted through consultation processes and analytical works that include the following steps:
1. To conduct rapid situational analysis concerning REDD policy in the country.
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making and its implementation. The analysis shall be formulated as potential risks to be taken into account and mitigation measure to be addressed. Among the issues to be addressed are: participation, investment and livelihood, access to forest resources, biodiversity, forest services, and emission reduction.
2. To conduct a rapid assessment in some (to be defined) ongoing REDD
Demonstration Activities in different locations by conducting:
Identification of key stakeholders involved in the REDD policy and
identification of key issues being raised by stakeholders at the DAs Locations of the DAs shall be selected from the ongoing projects combine with the proposed DA as has been identified at the initial phase might include the locations of Kampar Riau, North Sumatera, South Kalimantan and or Maluku.
Identification of land tenure issues and options as well as conflict
resolution mechanism
Formulation of priority issues to be addressed in the REDD policies and
development of stakeholder mapping and its networks.
3. [w1]To prepare baseline profile on socio-economic and bio-physics of the new,
proposed DAs based on primary and or the latest secondary data. The profile shall be used among others for monitoring progress of the DA and for developing inputs to formulate legal, policy and institutional adjustments
4. To consult key stakeholders on the result of rapid situational analysis by
conducting scientific and policy dialogues at selected locations of DA and at the national level. The systematization of findings will be conducted in a seminar at national level, involving a number of key stakeholders, including Government, Academia, private sector representatives and representatives of NGO and IP networks, which shall be identified from the rapid situational analysis and rapid assessment of the ongoing DAs and proposed, new locations. The consultation shall help to prioritized the issues to be assessed under the SESA for Indonesia which will that identify components of the framework to address social and environmental risks and their potential benefits of REDD policy.
5. To finalize workplan for preparing the ESMF of management framework to
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stakeholder. It shall identify relevance analytical works needed to support the ESMF
6. To test ESMF at the selected locations of DA, and to monitor implementation
of the framework. Mechanism for monitoring shall be developed and the mechanism shall be made accessible for public to participate in the monitoring processes.
7. To inform decision making regarding the potential benefits and risks of REDD
policy during the process of monitoring and to propose policy, legal and institutional adjustment.
Team Composition and Schedule
SESA for Indonesia shall be conducted in a team work that composes members who are knowledgeable about Indonesia and have interdisciplinary background on:
Forestry and forest climatology, Cultural anthropology / sociology,
Institutional and Capacity Building specialist / Legal specialist with particular focus on land tenure Socio-economic specialist
Year 2010:
- Conducting Strategic assessment on rapid situational analysis concerning REDD policy and its implementation
- Consulting key stakeholders on the result of rapid situational analysis by conducting scientific and policy dialogues
- Proposing the framework of ESMF and consulting the framework for the implementation of SESA in Indonesia
- Conducting workshop on ESMF to the stakeholder that include private sector and communities as well as government at the national and selected provincial and district level.
Year 2011:
- Monitoring the implementation of ESMF and its mechanism to mitigate risks, and conduct consultation processes with key stakeholders as means to inform decision making
- Collaborating with other parties whenever is needed to conduct necessary analytical works such as concerning scenario analysis on social and environmental risks and potential benefits of REDD strategy
Year 2012:
- Evaluation on the framework of ESMF and proposed policy, institutional and legal adjustment for REDD implementation strategy.
Budget
The budget allocated to conduct SESA for Indonesia is 100,000 USD.
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bio-physical profiles (USD 194,350); and consultation plans prior formulation of the ESMF, during the monitoring phase and its evaluation (USD 66,976).
