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Puspa Amelia, 2015

PENALARAN MULTIPERSPEKTIF SISWA PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN SD, SMP, DAN SMA MENGENAI ISU SOSIOSAINTIFIK

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

i

Penalaran Multiperspektif Siswa pada Jenjang Pendidikan SD, SMP, dan

SMA mengenai Isu Sosiosaintifik

Abstrak

Kemampuan bernalar secara multiperspektif diperlukan dalam proses pengambilan keputusan mengenai isu-isu yang bersifat kompleks dan memerlukan pertimbangan dari berbagai sudut pandang, salah satunya adalah isu sosiosaintifik. Penalaran multiperspektif merupakan salah satu aspek dari penalaran informal. Sehingga dalam aplikasinya, penalaran multiperspektif dipengaruhi oleh pertimbangan moral penalar. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penalaran multiperspektif yang dimiliki siswa SD, SMP, dan SMA mengenai isu sosiosaintifik terkait makanan. Tujuan tersebut dicapai dengan menggunakan desain cross-sectional terhadap 63 siswa pada sebuah yayasan pendidikan di kota Bandung. Partisipan yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 10 siswa kelas 5 SD, 33 siswa kelas 8 SMP, dan 20 siswa kelas 11 SMA. Penalaran multiperspektif siswa diperoleh dengan menggunakan kuesioner terbuka yang berkaitan dengan isu-isu sosiosaintifik terkait makanan. Kemudian respon siswa terhadap kuesioner tersebut dianalisis secara kualitatif dan dikelompokkan menjadi empat perspektif penalaran, yaitu perspektif kesehatan/lingkungan, ekonomi, sosiokultural, dan personal. Hasil analisis mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat pola penalaran multiperspektif yang sama antara siswa SD, SMP, dan SMA. Dari keempat perspektif penalaran yang diharapkan muncul, perspektif kesehatan/lingkungan merupakan perspektif yang paling banyak digunakan siswa. Sedangkan perspektif yang paling sedikit digunakan siswa adalah perspektif sosiokultural. Namun demikian, terdapat perbedaan persentase penggunaan dari keempat perspektif penalaran tersebut pada setiap jenjang pendidikan yang terlibat.

(2)

Puspa Amelia, 2015

PENALARAN MULTIPERSPEKTIF SISWA PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN SD, SMP, DAN SMA MENGENAI ISU SOSIOSAINTIFIK

Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia | repository.upi.edu | perpustakaan.upi.edu

ii

Elementary, Junior High, and Senior High School Students

’ Multiperspective

Reasoning about Socioscientific Issues

Abstract

Multiperspective reasoning ability is required in the decision-making process on issues that are complex and it requires consideration from various perspective, including socioscientific issues. Multiperspective reasoning is an aspect of informal reasoning. In its application, multiperspective reasoning influenced by reasoner moral considerations. This study is a descriptive study that aims to uncover elementary, junior high, and senior high school students’ multiperspective reasoning on food related issues. This aim is conducted by using a cross-sectional design to 63 students at an educational institution in Bandung. Participants involved in this study consisted of 10 elementary school students in grade 5th, 33 junior high school students in grade 8th, and 20 high school students in grade 11th. Students’ multiperspective reasoning obtained using an open-ended questionnaire containing food related issues. Then the students’ responses to the questionnaire were analyzed qualitatively and categorized into four reasoning perspectives, that are health/environmental, economic, sociocultural, and personal perspective. Analyses revealed that there is same pattern of multiperspective reasoning showed by elementary, junior high, and senior high school students. Of four reasoning perspectives that are expected to emerge, the health/environment perspective is the most widely used by students. While the least perspective used by students are sociocultural perspective. However, there are differences in total use of four reasoning perspectives at every educational level.

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