SKEMA BACHELOR
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Christophe Mocquet, PhD
SK
EM
A
Ba
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Mo
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2016
FAUNA
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2016
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LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Rocky bottoms
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Wrasses
FR Labres LAT Labridae
Breams
FR Sparidés LAT Sparidae
Combers
FR Serrans LAT Serranidae
Others
Rocky bottoms
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Basic fish anatomy
Lateral line
Dorsal
fi
ns
Mouth
Snout
Eye
Operculum
Pectoral
fi
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Caudal
fi
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Peduncle
Pelvic
fi
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LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Breams
SAR À TÊTE NOIRE
COMMON TWO-BANDED SEABREAM
Diplodus vulgaris
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This species is widespread in the Mediterranean
Sea, in the Black Sea and in the Eastern Atlantic
Ocean, at depths of 0 to 160 m, more commonly
between 0 and 30 m.
SAR COMMUN
/ SARGUE WHITE SEABREAM / SARGODiplodus sargus
6
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Native to the eastern Atlantic and western
Indian Oceans. It is found from the Bay of Biscay
southwards to South Africa, including Madeira
and the Canary Islands, the Mediterranean and
(rarely the Black Sea.
Active fish, they inhabit the surf zone, but they
may be found down to 50 m.
They consume small crustaceans, mollusks and
some seaweed and coral, using their strong
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Breams
SAR A MUSEAU POINTU
SHARPSNOUT SEABREAM
Diplodus puntazzo
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It resembles the white seabream or
"Sargo"/"Sarago" and can reach a length of 60
centimeters and a weight of 1.5 to 2 kilos.
It is a benthopelagic species, on stony floors and
in depths from 0 to 150 m. It is a fairly
gregarious species since it forms fairly large
shoals; however, it is often met alone or in
smaller groups. It feeds on seaweed, worms,
smaller molluscs, and shrimp.
DAURADE
/ DORADE GILTHEAD SEABREAMSparus aurata
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Found in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern
coastal regions of the North Atlantic Ocean.
It commonly reaches about 35 centimetres (1.15
ft in length, but may reach 70 centimetres (2.3 ft
and weigh up to about 17 kilograms (37 lb .
The gilt
-
head bream is generally considered the
best
-
tasting of the breams.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Breams
OBLADE
SADDLED SEABREAM
Oblada melanura
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It is found over seagrass and rocky bottoms in
the Mediterranean Sea, Bay of Biscay, Madeira,
Cape Verde, Canary Islands and Strait of
Gibraltar to Angola.
SPARAILLON
ANNULAR SEABREAM
Diplodus annularis
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Native to the eastern Atlantic and in the
Mediterranean.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Breams
BOGUE
BOGUE
Boops boops
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Native to the eastern Atlantic and in the
Mediterranean and Black Seas. Individuals
can reach 36 cm, but average 20 cm. A
demersal and semi
-
pelagic feeder, it can
generally be found down to 100 m, and
infrequently down to 350 m.
It consumes seaweed, crustaceans, and
some plankton, in schools that rise to the
surface at night.
D. vulgaris
O.melanura
Oval body shape Dark blotch on tail peduncleBright white bands on both sides of blotch
D. sargus
Yellow
longitudinal lines
D. annularis
Blotch on peduncle Mark on pectoral base Black border of caudal Yellowish hue
No stripes + plain caudalfin
Black blotch on tail peduncle
Two thick black
bands, one in line with pectoral and one on the tail peduncle No stripes
Dark grey face Grey transversal stripes
Blotch on peduncle Black border of caudal
Breams
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Breams
SAUPE
SALEMA PORGY
Sarpa salpa
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Adults = 35 cm average.
Body is oval and compressed laterally,
silvery with 10 to 12 bright yellow
longitudinal stripes. The golden eye is big
and close to the mouth.
They live in schools near the shoreline
where they are fond of seagrass (Posidonia)
and rocky bottoms. Their activity is mainly
diurnal are mostly vegeterian.
Fish almost not commercialized
GIRELLE
COMMON WRASSE
Coris julis
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It can be found in the Mediterranean Sea and in the northeast Atlantic Ocean from Sweden to Senegal
Sequential hermaphrodite: Initial-phase individuals (considered female) can turn into the larger
secondary-phase males.
At a length of about 18 cm (7.1 in) all individuals are males. There is a marked difference in the appearance of the two phases.
It is typically found near the shore in places with seagrass or rocks. It is usually found at depths of 0– 60 m (0–197 ft), but occurs as deep as 120 m (390 ft)
Female
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Wrasses
GIRELLE PAON
ORNATE WRASSE
Thalassoma pavo
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Native to the warm eastern Atlantic Ocean from Portugal to Gabon and the oceanic islands and into the Mediterranean Sea. Prefers warm waters.
This species inhabits areas of rocks and seagrass in coastal waters at depths from 1 to 150 m (3.3 to 492.1 ft) , though rarely below 50 m (160 ft) .
It can reach 25 cm (9.8 in) in length, though most do not exceed 20 cm (7.9 in).
This species is of minor importance to local
commercial fisheries, is also popular as a game fish, and can be found in the aquarium trade
CRENILABRE A CINQ TACHES
FIVE SPOTTED WRASSE
Symphodus roissali
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Native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Spain to Morocco and through the coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
This species inhabits rocky areas usually within beds of eelgrass at depths from 1 to 30 m (3.3 to 98.4 ft).
It can reach 17 cm (6.7 in) in standard length, though usually not more than 12 cm (4.7 in).
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Wrasses
CRENILABRE PAON
PEACOCK WRASSE
Symphodus tinca
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Native to the eastern Atlantic Ocean from Spain to Morocco and in the coastal waters of the
Mediterranean Sea and the Black Sea.
This species lives around rocks surrounded by
eelgrass and can also be found in brackish waters in lagoons. It occurs at depths from 1 to 50 m (3.3 to 164.0 ft).
This species can reach 44 cm (17 in) in standard length, though most grow no larger than 25 cm (9.8 in).
This species is sought as a game fish and is also important to local peoples as a food fish. It can also be found in the aquarium trade.
LABRE NETTOYEUR
/ A QUEUE NOIRE
BLACKFIN WRASSE
Symphodus melanocerus
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Small cleaner fish to be found often associated with other larger fish they scan in detail in order to feed their parasites.
Main wrasses
Disambiguation
Thalassoma pavo
Patterns are vertical Caudal is crescent shaped Face is marbled bright blue
Coris julis
Patterns are horizontal Caudal is truncate Darker mark around
SERRAN ECRITURE
PAINTED COMBER
Serranus scriba
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It is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Black Sea.
The painted comber is orange to red in color with bluish to brown vertical stripes. It grows to a length of 28 centimetres (11 in
Serranus scriba spends much of its time in rocky caves. It is usually solitary or in small groups. It comes out of hiding around dusk to feed on various crustaceans, fishes, and worms.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Combers
SERRAN CHEVRE
COMBER FISH
Serranus cabrilla
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It lives in the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and the Atlantic coast from the British Isles to the Cape of Good Hope.
The habitat are rocky or sandy sounding-deeps at depths of 0–200 metres (0–656 ft .
Size can vary from 5–25 centimetres (2.0–9.8 in in normal individual to up to 40 cm (16 in .
Main combers
Disambiguation
Dark border to caudal Generally smaller than S.
scriba
Serranus scriba
Thick brown vertical stripes Larger with a thicker body
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Others
CASTAGNOLE
DAMSEL FISH
Chromis chromis
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It occurs in the Mediterranean Sea and eastern Atlantic, from Portugal to Angola.
Inhabits littoral, mainly in rocky areas from 2 to 40 metres (6.6 to 131.2 ft in depth, in open water.
It can grow up to a size of 25 centimetres (9.8 in in length, with a common length of 13 centimetres (5.1 in .[citation needed]
The body is oval, deep, laterally flattened. Very young specimens are brilliant iridescent blue in color,
young specimens have blue stripes and dorsal and anal fins outlined with blue stripe, while adults are
dark brown-blueish. Juvenile
ATHERINE
/ JOEL ATHERINAAtherina boyeri
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It is a small pelagic fish species which occurs near the surface in the littoral
It is found in the eastern Atlantic and in the Mediterranean, including the inshore lagoons.
Body is rather long, slender, moderately flattened. Eyes are large. Head and body are scaly. There are two separate dorsal fins, with all rays of first and 1-2 anterior rays of second dorsal fin being
Bogues & Atherinas
Disambiguation
Boops boops
Larger, more oval body profile
Golden lateral lines
Small blotch on pectoral fin base
Atherina
Narrower body profile
Lateral line brighter someOmes appears electric blue in the
MULET GRIS
THICKLIP GREY MULLET
Chelon labrosus
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Coastal fish of the family Mugilidae, typically about 32 cm long. Females are larger than males. Mature at age 2, lifespan up to 12 years.
Feeds mainly
on benthic diatoms, epiphytic algae, small invertebrates and detritus
May migrate Northward when temperatures increase too much in summer. Reproduction occurs during winter.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Others
APOGON
CARDINAL FISH
Apogon imberbis
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It is widely distributed in the Mediterranean and along the eastern Atlantic coast from Portugal to Gulf of Guinea.
MURENE COMMUNE
MEDITERRANEAN MOREY
Mureanae helena
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It has a long eel-like body and is found in the eastern Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea.
Its bite can be dangerous to humans.
It prefers rocky bottoms and lives in depths of from 16.5 to 264 feet (5 to 80 meters).
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Others
ROUGETS
MULLUS
Mullus sp.
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RASCASSES
SCORPION FISH
Scorpaena sp.
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Scorpaena maderensis
Mullus barbatus Scorpaeana notata
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Others
URANOSCOPES
URANOSCOPES
Uranoscopus sp. & Trachinus sp.
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Uranoscopus scaber
Trachinus draco
BLENNIES
BLENNIES
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Blennie gattorugine
Parablennius gattorugine
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Fish
> Others
GOBIES
GOBIES
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Gobius Bucchichi
Gobius geniporus
Gobies & blennies
Disambiguation
2 separate dorsal fins
6cm+ generally
F
AUNA
& F
LORA
2. Invertebrates
2016
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SPIROGRAPHE
SPIRAL TUBE WORM
Spirographis spallanzanii
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Larger Mediterranean tube-worm, up to 35 cm. The body is in a soft tube made of mucus and sand.
Many colored filaments spread out in sprawling crown with a diameter of 10 to 15 cm from the mouth of the animal.
Develops from the surface to 40m deep, attached to hard substrates. Very sensitive to vibrations, it retracts entirely into the tube at the slightest alarm. Its filaments are involved in food intake and in breathing. It feeds on microscopic
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Invertebrates
> Mollusks
GRANDE NACRE
NOBLE PEN SHELL / FAN MUSSEL
Pinna nobilis
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Bivalve shell between 30 to 50cm long. It attaches itself to rocks using a strong
byssus composed of many silk-like threads. he inside of the shell is lined with brilliant mother -of-pearl
Endemic to the Mediterranean Sea, where it lives offshore at depths ranging between 0.5 and
60 m. It could be found buried beneath soft -sediment areas
POULPE (pieuvre)
OCTOPUS
Octopus vulgaris
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Class cephalopoda.
Grows to 25 cm in mantle length with arms up to 1 m long. They prefer the floor of relatively
shallow, rocky, coastal waters, often no deeper than 200 meters.
The common octopus hunts at dusk. Crabs, crayfish, and bivalve mollusks (two-shelled molluscs such as cockles) are preferred. Able to change colour to blend in with its surroundings
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Invertebrates
> Cnidarians
TOMATE DE MER
BEADLET ANEMONE
Actinia equine
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ANEMONE VERTE
SNAKELOCKS ANEMONE
PELAGIA
PELAGIA
Pelagia noctiluca
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MEDUSE ŒUF AU PLAT
FRIED EGG JELYFISH
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Invertebrates
> Echinoderms
OURSIN NOIR (male)
BLACK SEA URCHIN
Arbacia lixula
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OURSIN PIERRE (comestible)
BROWN SEA URCHIN
HOLOTHURIE (concombre de mer)
SEA CUCUMBER
Holothuria tubulosa
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Grows to a length of between 20 to 45 cm, diameter up to 6cm. Roughly cylindrical with a flattened base with tube feet. It has a tough, leathery skin.
Shade of brown/grey surface covered with dark -colored thorn-like projections. It secretes a protective film of mucus to which bits
of seaweed and sediment may adhere.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Invertebrates
> Echinoderms
ETOILES DE MER ROUGE
RED STARFISH
Echinaster sepositus
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ETOILES DE MER LISSE
SMOOTH STARFISH
AUN
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LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Rocky bottoms
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Algae
FR Algues = Seaweed
Seagrass
FR Phanérogames = plantes à fleurs
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A buried stem or rhizome holds the roots downwards, with long (up to 3m) and thin ribbon-like leaves that are dark green and yellow in color. The tips of leaves is square or slightly rounded. Flowers form conspicuous clusters at the tip of the short stem.
Only present in clean waters. Most often grow on sandy or silty shores.
Posidonia is endemic to the
Mediterranean sea.. Meadows form a hard substrate very important because of the oxygen and organic matter they
produce, but also the homes they provide to numerous marine organisms.
POSIDONIE
POSIDONIA
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Flora
> Seagrass
CYMODOCEE
CYMODOCEA
Cymodocea nodosa
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ZOSTERE
ZOSTERA
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Green algae
FR Algues vertes LAT Chlorophyceae
Red algae
FR Algues rouges LAT Rhodophyceae
Brown algae
FR Algues brunes LAT Phaeophyceae
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Flora
> Algae > Green
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Native to the Indian Ocean, it is widely used ornamentally in aquariums. Appearance of a vascular plant with "leaves" like a fern.
Firstly observed in Med. Sea in 1984 off the Monaco Oceanographic Museum. Following year, it had grown to cover 30km2 and was preventing native plants from growing.
The aquarium strain reproduces asexually. Rate of growth up to 1 cm/day. If any small part is severed from the rest of the alga, it will regrow into another alga
CAULERPA TAXIFOLIA
CAULERPA TAXIFOLIA
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Size: 50-100 mm (grapes 1-3 mm)
Characteristics: Forms miniature clusters of green “grapes,” attached to a cylindrical stipe.
Habitat: An invasive species in the
Mediterranean it is found in the shallow sub-littoral zones, often intertwined within mats of other algae.
CAULERPA RACEMOSA
CAULERPA RACEMOSA
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Flora
> Algae > Green
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Size: 2-10 cm
Characteristics: Slender stipe with leafy foliose, smooth fronds with yellowish edges.
Leaf-like branches.
Habitat: Sandy or muddy bottoms in
sheltered lagoons, often among seagrass. Found up to several meters depth.
CAULERPA RACEMOSA
CAULERPA RACEMOSA
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Size: 50-200 mm
Characteristics: Cactus-like appearance. Dark green coloration hidden by epiphytes and
calcification. Discoid segments (1.5-2 cm and semi -circular) connected by flexible joints and branching in the same plane. Appears glossy when dry.
Habitat: Found year round in shaded areas, from surface up to 80 m deep.
HALIMEDA (monaie de poséidon)
ACETABULARIA
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Flora
> Algae > Green
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Size: 20-140 mm
Characteristics: Dark green, blackish ball like shape.
Sponge-like, hairy, with a velvet texture. Internal filamentous branched network becomes looser as size increases.
Habitat: It occurs in the sub-littoral zone, at about 10 m maximum, in both well-lit and sheltered areas. Often found unattached.
CODIUM A BOULE
CODIUM BURSA
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Size: 5-50 mm
Characteristics: Dark green, brain like appearance. Perrenial species that lives in small groups of individuals.
Habitat: Grows on the rocky shore usually around the inter-tidal zone
CODIUM CORAIL
CORAL CODIUM
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
Flora
> Algae > Green
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Characteristics: Light to dark green thallus is a flat, translucent, and often deeply divided wth a somewhat crinkled surface. Attached by discoid holdfast.
Habitat: In the entire tidal zone to the subtidal. Often found unattached.
ULVE
ULVA
PADINE QUEUE DE PAON
PADINA
Padina pavonica
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Size: 10-50 mm
Characteristics: Thallus with stipe-like base attached to a wide, fan-shaped, leaf-like lamina.
Lamina folded like a coronet, margins often divided or radially torn. Concentric zonation. Olive brown to whitish grey brown.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
DICTYOTA
DICTYOTA
Dyctiota implexa
Flora
> Algae > Brown
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Size: 10-55 m
Characteristics: Thallus with bushy, yellowish-brown dichotomous branches.
Ribbon-like fronds repeatedly forking at the same length in a regular manner. Frond tips are blunt and Y shaped.
CYSTOSEIRE
CYSTOSEIRA
Cystoseira brachycarpa
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Description: Endemic species is distinguished from other cystosiera species by
Has spiny primary branches especially near the base (no spines on secondary branches)
Several stipes coming from the same irregular base
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
CYSTOSEIRE
CYSTOSEIRA
Cystoseira compressa
Flora
> Algae > Brown
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Size: 50-200 mm
Characteristics: Has a smooth thallus
(no spines) and cylindrical ribbon-like branches with compressed basal thallus.
All branches rise from a common holdfast. Branches can have dark dots and oval float bladders.
Yellow-brown, dark-brown, or olive -brown.
COLPOMENIA
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LERINS BIODIVERSITE
ASPARAGOPSIS
ASPARAGOPSIS
Asparagopsis armata
Flora
> Algae > Red
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Size: 10-40 mm
Characteristics: Thallus made up of harpoon shaped tufts, that are cloud like and very soft.
“Harpoons” have barbed hooks (very characteristic of this species). Reddish -pink to light gray.
CORALLINE ALLONGEE
CORALLINA
Corallina elongata
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Size: 20-50 mm
Characteristics: Paler in brightly lit sites. Pinnate branches and strongly calficified. Thallus is segmented and brittle.
Habitat: It occurs in the upper mid littoral, may form dense carpets in surface waters.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
JANIA
JANIA
Jania rubens
Flora
> Algae > Red
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Size: 20-80 mm
Characteristics: Grows in brittle tufts made up of repeatedly forking branches (dichatomous) that are cylindrical or barrel shaped. Anchored by a discoid holdfast. Pink to brown- purple.
LITHOPHYLLUM TROTTOIR
LITHOPHYLLUM BYSSOIDES
Lithophyllum byssoides
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Size: 50-100 mm
Characteristics: covered by labryinth-like calcareous crest Thick calcareous crust or dichotomous thin branches.
Pale pink or white.
Habitat: Typically a mid-littor species that may be submersed or emerged.
LERINS BIODIVERSITE
LITHOPHYLLUM FRONDE
LITHOPHYLLUM FRONDOSUM
Lithophyllum frondosum
Flora
> Algae > Red
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Size: 5-40 mm
Characteristics: Purplish pink encrusting algae, forming flattened crusts that are not entirely attached to the substratum. Turns gray when dead.
