Lesson 11
VALIDATION COPY 1.0 JUNE 2007Cuaca/ Hawa dan Iklim
Weather and Climate
In this chapter, you will be introduced to the climate of Indonesia and the vocabulary one commonly uses in discussing the weather.
Cultural Notes
The weather in Indonesia is often described by the word “enak,” which literally means “delicious.” Indonesians use the word enak to mean anything that is good. Because the Indonesian islands straddle the equator, the weather is always hot and humid. Consequently, there are only two seasons: the hot season and the wet season. The hot season lasts from May through October, while the wet season lasts from November through April. The temperature ranges from 24 degrees Celsius (75 degrees
Fahrenheit) to well above 35 degrees Celsius (95 degrees Fahrenheit), with extremely high humidity. Indonesia uses the Celsius scale for temperature readings.
Because of the almost constant heat and humidity, Indonesian people usually take a bath twice daily. Despite the heat, Indonesian women do not wear shorts and tank tops like their Western counterparts. Wearing scant clothing is not considered appropriate for females. Women clad in bikinis are a rare sight on the beaches in Indonesia. Males may wear shorts, but not on formal occasions. Umbrellas are used on both rainy days and on hot and sunny days. Most women use umbrellas to protect their skin from the sun.
Rice is at the very center of the Indonesian culture, and the climate is ideal for rice cultivation. One can trace the cultivation of rice back 5,000 years to the nomadic Malay people. They began cultivating rice in the fertile ashes of burned forests as well as on the slopes of volcanoes. Rice is grown virtually everywhere around the country, especially in the province of Java.
1. Look at the pictures below and listen to the weather terms as they are spoken aloud. Repeat the words after the speaker.
matahari angin hujan salju
kabut petir hujan es hujan angin ribut
tornado angin topan badai salju awan
2. Familiarize yourself with the following weather terms.
Rainy Berhujan
Sunny Bermatahari
Cloudy Berawan
Partly cloudy Agak mendung
Freezing Membekukan
Clear Cerah
Degree Derajat
Humid/Moist Lembab
Dry Kering
Wet Basah
Cool Sejuk
Overcast Cuaca mendung/ Berawan
Weather Cuaca/ Hawa
Weather forecast Ramalan cuaca Weather report Laporan cuaca
Windy Berangin
Winter Musim dingin
Spring Musim semi
Summer Musim panas
Fall/Autumn Musim gugur High Temperature Suhu tinggi
Low Temperature Suhu rendah
Highs Ketinggian
In the thirties Tiga puluhan
Lows Kerendahan Upper Diatas Mid Ditengah Lower Dibawah Air Udara To fall Jatuh Leaves Daun-daun Tree Pohon
To change color Berubah warna To begin/ To start Mulai
To descend Turun
To increase Bertambah
To become Menjadi
Rainfall Turun hujan
Grammar Note
The prefix ber can be added to nouns and verbs. When added to nouns, its function is to convert the noun into an adjective.
matahari (sun) -- bermatahari (sunny)
hujan (rain) -- berhujan (rainy)
angin (wind) -- berangin (windy) awan (cloud) -- berawan (cloudy)
The possessive pronoun nya (hers/his/ours/theirs/its) can also serve as the article “the” in English.
Cuacanya baik. The weather is nice Daerahnya berangin. The region is windy.
3. In this exercise you will learn how to ask about the weather and give some typical responses to weather questions. Repeat the following questions and answers about the weather.
How is the weather? It’s sunny/rainy/snowy.
Bagaimana cuaca? Cuaca bermatahari/ berangin/ bersalju.
How is the weather? It’s hot/warm/cold.
Bagaimana udaranya? Udaranya panas/ hangat/ dingin. How is the weather? It’s clear/foggy/overcast.
Bagaimana hawanya? Itu cerah/ berkabut/ mendung.
4. Listen to the following short dialogues and match each to a picture below. Check your work with the Answer Key.
A. Bagaimana cuacanya hari ini? Ini sedang hujan.
Bagaimana besok?
Mendung tapi tidak akan hujan. B. Berapa suhunya?
Kira-kira 22 derajat Celcius. Hangat dan cerah. C. Bagaimana cuacanya diatas sana?
Ini sedang turun salju. D. Apakah bermatahari? Tidak, berkabut dan dingin!
5. Read the descriptions below and match them with the seasons. Check your answers with the Answer Key.
Cuaca di musim semi mungkin bermatahari atau berhujan. Musim panas Suhunya lebih hangat.
Hawa di musim dingin adalah dingin dan bersalju. Musim semi Suhunya sering dibawah membekukan.
Cuaca di musim panas adalah panas dan kering. Musim dingin Kadang ada hujan badai di siang hari.
Udara di musim gugur adalah sejuk dan cerah. Musim gugur Daun-daun di pohon mulai berubah warna dan berjatuhan dari pohon.
6. Listen to the following weather report and answer the questions below. Pause or replay the audio if needed. Check your answers with the Answer Key.
Play Audio
A. For what city is this weather report? _______________________________
B. For what date is this weather report? _______________________________
C. What will be the high and low temperatures for the day? _______________________________
D. Is rain expected?
_______________________________ E. Is wind speed mentioned?
End-of-Lesson Tasks
1. Listen to the following weather report for some cities in Indonesia. Fill in the weather and temperature (in English) for each city in the chart below. See the Answer Key for the written version of this weather report.
Weather Temperature City _______________ _______________ City _______________ _______________ City _______________ _______________ City _______________ _______________
Vocabulary
Air Udara Clear Cerah Cloudy Berawan Cold Dingin Cool Sejuk Dry KeringFall/Autumn Musim gugur
Freezing Membekukan
High temperature Suhu tinggi
Highs Ketinggian
Hot Panas
Humid/Moist Lembab
In the thirties Tiga puluhan
Leaves Daun-daun
Low temperature Suhu rendah
Lower Dibawah
Lows Kerendahan
Mid Ditengah
Overcast Cuaca mendung/ Berawan Partly cloudy Agak mendung
Rainfall Turun hujan
Rainy Berhujan
Spring Musim semi
Summer Musim panas
Sunny Bermatahari
Temperature Suhu
Temperature: Derajat
To become Menjadi
To begin/ To start Mulai
To change color Berubah warna
To descend Turun To fall Jatuh To increase Bertambah Tree Pohon Upper Diatas Warm Hangat
Weather Cuaca/ Hawa
Weather forecast Ramalan cuaca Weather report Laporan cuaca
Wet Basah
Windy Berangin
Answer Key
Exercise 4A. How is the weather today? It is raining.
What about tomorrow?
Overcast, but it is not going to rain! A. Bagaimana cuacanya hari ini? Ini sedang hujan.
Bagaimana besok?
Mendung tapi tidak akan hujan B. What is the temperature?
It is about 22 degrees Celsius! It is very warm and clear. B. Berapa suhunya?
Kira-kira 22 derajat Celcius. Hangat dan cerah. C. How’s the weather up there?
It’s snowing! (lit., the snow is falling) C. Bagaimana cuacanya diatas sana? Ini sedang turun salju.
D. Is it sunny?
No, it’s foggy and cold! D. Apakah bermatahari? Tidak, berkabut dan dingin! Exercise 5
The weather in winter is cold and snowy. Winter Temperatures are often below freezing.
The weather in spring may be sunny or rainy. Spring The temperatures are warmer.
The weather in summer is hot and dry. Summer Sometimes there are thunderstorms in the afternoon.
The weather in autumn is cool and clear.
The leaves on the trees begin to change color and fall off the trees. Autumn
Cuaca di musim semi mungkin bermatahari atau berhujan. Musim panas Suhunya lebih hangat.
Hawa di musim dingin adalah dingin dan bersalju. Musim semi Suhunya sering dibawah membekukan.
Cuaca di musim panas adalah panas dan kering. Musim dingin Kadang ada hujan badai di siang hari.
Udara di musim gugur adalah sejuk dan cerah. Musim gugur Daun-daun di pohon mulai berubah warna dan berjatuhan dari pohon.
Exerscise 6
Ini adalah ramalan cuaca untuk kota Jakarta pada tanggal 31 bulan kedelapan.
Pada pagi hari turun hujan dan suhu sekitar 25 derajat celcius. Udara lembab dan hangat. Sore hari akan bermatahari dan cuaca cerah. Suhu akan menjadi sekitar 30 derajat celcius dan udara akan bertambah lembab. Malam hari akan mendung lagi tetapi tidak akan turun hujan.
This is the weather report for Jakarta on August the 31st.
Rain in the morning and the temperature will be about 25 degree C. The air is humid and warm. This afternoon will be sunny and clear. The temperature will be about 30 degree C and the humidity will increase. Tonight it will be cloudy.
A. For what city is this weather report? Jakarta. B. For what date is this weather report? August 31.
C. What will be the high and low temperatures for the day? The high will be in the 30s, and the low will be in the mid 20s (Celsius).
D. Is rain expected? No.
E. Is wind speed mentioned? No. End-of-Lesson Task 1
a. Kota Bandung akan turun hujan di malam hari dengan suhu sekitar dua puluh lima derajat Celcius. b. Di kota Ambon akan ada badai angin ribut dan suhu akan turun menjadi sekitar
dua puluhan derajat Celcius.
c. Minggu ini, kota Jakarta akan bermatahari dan cuaca menjadi tambah panas, suhu diatas tiga puluhan derajat Celcius.
d. Di puncak gunung Trikora, di kota Jaya Pura, Irian Jaya, akan ada badai salju dengan suhu akan turun menjadi sekitar sepuluhan derajat Celcius.
a. It will rain in Bandung with the temperature about 25 degree C.
b. Ambon will have some storm and the temperature will go down to about 20 degree C.
c. This week, Jakarta will have some sun and the weather will be very hot and will reach about 30 degree C.
d. On the top of Mt. Trikora, in Jaya Pura, Irian Jaya, there will be some snow blizzards with the temperature in the low 10 degree C.