LAMPIRAN 1. Ethical Clearance

(1)

47 47

47

(2)

48

(3)

49

LAMPIRAN 3. Hasil Penelitian

Lama kemampuan pergerakan silia sel epitel nasopharynx dalam

menit

Hewan coba ke Perlakuan 6 Jam 12 Jam 18 Jam 24 Jam

1 Suhu kamar 18.46’ 15.15’ 0’ 0’ Suhu dingin 11.24’ 06.52’ 0’ 0’ 2 Suhu kamar 51.27’ 22.01’ 0’ 0’ Suhu dingin 25.19’ 17.06’ 0’ 0’ 3 Suhu kamar 12.39’ 05.56’ 0’ 0’ Suhu dingin 05.38’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 4 Suhu kamar 35.45’ 12.44’ 09.27’ 0’ Suhu dingin 17.13’ 13.47’ 07.37’ 02.26’ 5 Suhu kamar 30.16’ 10.13’ 05.23’ 0’ Suhu dingin 15.23’ 09.34’ 03.14’ 0’ 6 Suhu kamar 53.41’ 28.58’ 08.44’ 0’ Suhu dingin 46.21’ 28.16’ 05.13’ 0’ 7 Suhu kamar 41.34’ 34.27’ 0’ 0’ Suhu dingin 34.27’ 26.06’ 23.52’ 0’ 8 9 Suhu kamar Suhu dingin Suhu kamar 39.46’ 30.59’ 22.29’ 31.17’ 22.47’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 10 Suhu dingin Suhu kamar Suhu dingin 18.01’ 40.55’ 31.58’ 15.02’ 34.02’ 24.58’ 11.28’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 0’ 11 Suhu kamar 24.22’ 09.46’ 0’ 0’ Suhu dingin 09.46’ 07.34’ 0’ 0’ 12 Suhu kamar 30.42’ 11.43’ 0’ 0’ Suhu dingin 28.32’ 09.59’ 02.32’ 0’ 13 Suhu kamar 28.38’ 16.14’ 0’ 0’ Suhu dingin 19.51’ 10.46’ 03.13’ 0’ 14 Suhu kamar 35.04’ 09.11’ 0’ 0’

(4)

50

Hewan coba ke Perlakuan 6 Jam 12 Jam 18 Jam 24 Jam

Suhu dingin 09.46’ 05.55’ 01.09’ 0’

15 Suhu kamar 27.09’ 10.38’ 0’ 0’

Suhu dingin 18.40’ 05.52’ 01.38’ 0’

16 Suhu kamar 30.15’ 12.46’ 0’ 0’

(5)

51

LAMPIRAN 4. Hasil Pengolahan data SPSS

Uji normalitas suhu kamar

Explore

Descriptives(a)

Statistic Std. Error

enam Mean 39.6733 7.03605

95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound _9.3997 Upper Bound 69.9470 5% Trimmed Mean . Median 35.4500 Variance _148.518 Std. Deviation 12.18680 Minimum 30.16 Maximum _53.41 Range 23.25 Interquartile Range _. Skewness 1.372 1.225 Kurtosis . . duabelas Mean _17.0500 _5.80344 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound -7.9202 Upper Bound 42.0202 5% Trimmed Mean . Median _12.4400 Variance 101.040 Std. Deviation _10.05185 Minimum 10.13 Maximum 28.58 Range _18.45 Interquartile Range . Skewness _1.630 _1.225 Kurtosis . . delapanbelas_trans Mean _.8706 _.07697 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound _.5395 Upper Bound 1.2018 5% Trimmed Mean . Median .9263 Variance _.018

(6)

52 Std. Deviation _.13332 Minimum .72 Maximum _.97 Range .25 Interquartile Range . Skewness _-1.552 _1.225 Kurtosis . .

a duapuluhempat is constant. It has been omitted.

Tests of Normality(b)

Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

enam .302 3 . .910 3 .418

duabelas _.343 ₃ _. _.842 ₃ _.220

delapanbelas_trans .329 3 . .869 3 .293

a Lilliefors Significance Correction

b duapuluhempat is constant. It has been omitted.

Uji normalitas suhu dingin

Explore

Descriptives

Statistic Std. Error

6 jam suhu dingin Mean _21.2050 _2.70853

Lower Bound 15.4319 Upper Bound 26.9781 5% Trimmed Mean 20.6950 Median _18.8500 Variance 117.378 Std. Deviation _10.83412 Minimum 5.38 Maximum _46.21 Range 40.83 Interquartile Range _17.79 Skewness .700 .564 Kurtosis _.302 _1.091

12 jam suhu dingin Mean 12.9637 2.11743

Lower Bound _8.4506

Upper Bound

17.4769

5% Trimmed Mean 12.8397

(7)

53 Variance _71.736 Std. Deviation 8.46972 Minimum _.00 Maximum 28.16 Range _28.16 Interquartile Range 14.78 Skewness _.554 _.564 Kurtosis -.828 1.091 delapanbelasjam_trans Mean .3696 .10894 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound _.1374 Upper Bound .6018 5% Trimmed Mean .3344 Median _.2527 Variance .190 Std. Deviation _.43577 Minimum _.00 Maximum 1.37 Range 1.37 Interquartile Range _.66 Skewness 1.049 .564 Kurtosis _.234 _1.091 duapuluhempat_trans Mean .0221 .02213 95% Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound _-.0250 Upper Bound .0693 5% Trimmed Mean .0049 Median .0000 Variance _.008 Std. Deviation .08853 Minimum _.00 Maximum _.35 Range .35 Interquartile Range _.00 Skewness 4.000 .564 Kurtosis 16.000 1.091 Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnov(a) Shapiro-Wilk

Statistic df Sig. Statistic df Sig.

6 jam suhu dingin _.187 ₁₆ _.137 _.952 ₁₆ _.525

12 jam suhu dingin .179 16 .183 .922 16 .179

delapanbelasjam_trans .215 16 .047 .835 16 .008

duapuluhempat_trans _.536 ₁₆ _.000 _.273 ₁₆ _.000

(8)

54

NPar Tests

Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

1. 6 jam suhu kamar dan 6 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

N Mean Rank Sum of Ranks

6 jam suhu dingin - 6 jam suhu kamar

Negative Ranks _16(a) _8.50 _136.00

Positive Ranks 0(b) .00 .00

Ties _0(c)

Total 16

a 6 jam suhu dingin < 6 jam suhu kamar b 6 jam suhu dingin > 6 jam suhu kamar c 6 jam suhu dingin = 6 jam suhu kamar

Test Statistics(b) 6 jam suhu dingin - 6 jam suhu kamar Z -3.517(a)

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) _.000 a Based on positive ranks.

b Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

2. 12 jam suhu kamar dan 12 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

Negative Ranks 14(a) 8.36 117.00

Positive Ranks _2(b) _9.50 _19.00

Ties 0(c)

Total ₁₆

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .011 a Based on positive ranks. b Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

(9)

55

3. 18 jam suhu kamar dan 18 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

Negative Ranks 3(a) 2.00 6.00

Positive Ranks _0(b) _.00 _.00

Ties _0(c)

Total 3

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) _.109 a Based on positive ranks. b Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

4. 24 jam suhu kamar dan 24 jam suhu dingin

Ranks

Negative Ranks _0(a) _.00 _.00

Positive Ranks 1(b) 1.00 1.00

Ties 15(c)

Total ₁₆

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) _.317 a Based on negative ranks. b Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

(10)

56

LAMPIRAN 6. Dokumentasi Penelitian

Keterangan : Pemotongan hewan yang dilakukan pada tempat pemotongan hewan. Pemisahan kepala dari badan hewan coba dilakukan oleh pekerja ditempat pemotongan hewan

(11)

57

Keterangan : A = Spuit yang berisi NaCL 0,9% B = Deck glass C = Gunting D = Object glass E = Pinset bedah F = Pisau scalpel G = Tissue H = Scraper

(12)

58

Keterangan : A= Video camera eye piece

B = Mikroskop cahaya Olympus seri CX21FS1 C = Laptop

(13)

59

Keterangan : Kepala hewan coba bagian kiri yang diletakkan pada suhu kamar

(14)

60

Keterangan : Proses scraper mukosa nasopharynx

(15)

61

Keterangan : Pengamatan pergerakan silia melalu laptop yang sudah terhubung di mikroskop

(16)

62

LAMPIRAN 7. Identitas Peneliti

Identitas

Nama : Sustika Novianita Assan

NIM : G2A009028

Tempat/tanggal lahir : Mandomai/28 November 1991 Jenis kelamin : Perempuan

Alamat : Jl.Yogya No.10 No.telepon : 085329108029

E-mail : Sustikaassan@yahoo.com Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

1. SD :SD Negeri Mandomai II, Lulus tahun:2003 2. SMP :SMP Negeri 1 Kapuas Barat, Lulus tahun:2006 3. SMA :SMA Negeri 1 Kapuas Barat, Lulus tahun:2009 4. FK UNDIP :Masuk tahun : 2009

(17)

63

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Departemen Dalam Negeri. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 Tentang Kesehatan [homepage on the internet]. c2009 [cited 2012

Nov 14]. Available from

: http://www.depdagri.go.id/media/documents/2009/10/13/UU_No.36-2009.doc

2. Dahlan S. Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik Pedoman Bagi Dokter dan Penegak Hukum. Semarang : Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro; 2000:47-65. 3. Department of Forensic Medicine,University of Dundee. Postmortem Changes

and Time of Death. Lecture Notes.1995;e.g.32 (time of death):19

4. Carolina M, Romanelli, Gelardi M, Fiorella M,Tattodi L, Vella GD, Solarino B,et al. Nasal ciliary motility: a new tool in estimating the time of death. Int J Legal Med [Internet]. 2012 Feb [cited 2012 Nov 26];126(92):[about 7pdf]. Available from: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00414-012-0682-x

5. Soejoto, Soetedjo, Sultana M,dkk. Lecture Note Histologi II. Semarang. Bagian Histologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2010:52-53. 6. Diktat Anatomi Situs Colli : Bagian Anatomi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas

Diponegoro; 2008.

7. Medical dictionary. Pharynx [image on internet].2012 Aug 8 [ cited 2012 Des 30]. Available from: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/pharynx 8. Protein atlas. Epitel nasopharynx normal [image on the internet].2012 [cited

2012 Des 23]. Available from:

http://www.proteinatlas.org/dictionary/normal/nasopharynx/detail+1/magnific ation+1

9. Abdul Muluk. Pertahanan saluran nafas. Departemen anatomi fakultas kedokteran USU. [serial online]. 2009 [cited 2012 Des 26];42(1). Available from: http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/18350/1/mkn-mar2009-42%20(1).pdf

(18)

64

10. Munir D. Waktu Bersihan Mukosiliar Pada Pasien Rinosinusitis Kronis. Departemen Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Kepala Leher Fakultas Kedokteran USU. [serial online]. c2010. [cited 2013 Jan 14]. Available from : http://indonesia.digitaljournals.org/index.php/idnmed/article/download/752/74 8

11. Anonim. Universitas Sumatera Utara. [homepage on the internet]. No date.

[cited 2013 Jan 14]. Available from :

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/25985/4/Chapter%20I1.pdf 12. Yasa FY. Perbedaan Waktu Transportasi Mukosiliar Hidung Pada Penderita

Rhinosinusitis Maksila Kronis Dengan Cavum Nasi Normal. Departemen Kesehatan Telinga Hidung Tenggorok Kepa Leher Fakultas Kedokteran USU. [homepage on the internet].c2008.[cited 2013 Jan 14]. Available from : http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/6434/1/Yanti%20Fitri%20Yas a.pdf

13. Regar E, Keiko F, Yasmin AF. Diskusi Topik Bahaya. Modul Praktik Klinik Pulmonologi. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia [homepage on internet]. No date [cited 2012 Des 27]. Available from: http://xa.yimg.com/kq/groups/86529852/417119299/name/Diskusi+Topik+Ba haya+Rokok.docx

14. Meisnez CCF, Cosson J, Huitorel P, Blaive B. Temperature effect on the ciliary beat frequency of human nasal and tracheal ciliated cells.Biol cell.1993;4:1-4.

15. Budiyanto A, Widiatmala W, Sudiono S, Winardi T, Mun’im A, Sidhi, dkk.. Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik. Jakarta: Bagian Kedokteran Forensik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 1997.

16. Anonim. Penentuan Waktu Kematian. [homepage on the internet]. No date.

[cited 2013 feb 06]. Available from:

http://id.scribd.com/doc/71636845/PENENTUAN-WAKTU-KEMATIAN 17. Mun’im A. Pedoman Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik Edisi Pertama. 1st ed.

(19)

65

18. Abraham S, Arif Rahman S, Bambang PN,et al. Tanya Jawab Ilmu Kedokteran Forensik: Semarang; Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro Semarang;2010:47

19. Anonim. Tanatologi Forensik. [homepage on the internet]. No date. [cited

2012 Dec 27]. Available from :

http://id.scribd.com/doc/72797964/TANATOLOGI-FORENSIK

20. Basbeth F. Perkiraan Saat Mati dan Aspek Medikolegalnya.Bagian Forensik dan Medikolegal FKUI. [homepage on the internet]. c2005 [cited 2012 Dec 27]. Available from : http://forensicpathology.webs.com/lebammayat.htm) 21. Anonim. Tanatologi. [homepage on the internet].No date.[cited 2012 des 28].

Available from : http://ocw.usu.ac.id/course/download/1110000120-gastrointestinal-system/gis156_slide_tanatologi.pdf

22. Elizabeth J. Corwin. Buku Saku Patofisiologi;Alih Bahasa Nike Buldhi Subekti;Editor Edisi Bahasa Indonesia,Egi Komara Yudha..,[et al.].ED.3.Jakarta:EGC,2009:26.

23. Tambayong J, Patofisiologi Untuk Keperawatan. Edisi 1.Jakarta EGC;1999:7. 24. Robbins dan Cotran/ Richard N.michele … [et.al].Buku saku dasar

patologis;alih bahasa , Andy Hartono; editor edisi bahasa Indonesia, Inggrid Tania … [et.al.].-ed.7.- Jakarta : EGC, 2008:

25. Anonim. Kompetensi Perkembangan Oosit Domba Pada Suhu dan Waktu Yang Berbeda. [homepage on the internet]. No date. [cited 2013 Jul 23].

Availbale from :

http://repository.ipb.ac.id/bitstream/handle/123456789/56610/2012afe_BAB% 20II%20Tinjauan%20Pustaka.pdf

26. Henessy SJ, Wong LB, Yeates DB, Miller IF. Automated measurement of ciliary beat frequency. J Appl Physiol [Internet

]

. 1986 Jun [cited 2013 Nov 29];60(6):2109-13.

27. James C. Ho, Kwok N. Chan, Wayne H. Hu, Wah K. Lam, Ling Zheng, George L. Tipoe,June Sun, Raymond Leung, and Kenneth W. Tsang "The effect of aging on nasal mucociliary clearance, beat frequency,

(20)

66

and ultrastructure of respiratory cilia", american journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, vol. 163, no. 4 (2001), pp. 983-988