04 Pengacuan Pustaka Ali saukah

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PENGACUAN DALAM

PENULISAN ARTIKEL UNTUK

JURNAL

[email protected]

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CARA MENGACU

• Pengacuan meliputi pengutipan langsung

Pengacuan meliputi pengutipan langsung

(menyalin apa adanya dari sumber yang telah

diterbitkan), parafrase (menyebutkan ide orang

lain dengan menggunakan kata-kata sendiri),

atau menunjukkan adanya penelitian terdahulu

tanpa mengutip langsung atau parafrase

•

Ada dua cara utama dalam mengacu pustaka yang

disebutkan dalam teks: (1) Gaya Harvard (

Author-

Author-date

date

), dan (2) Gaya Vancouver (

Author-number

_{Author-number}

)

•

Ada gaya lain (Chicago Manual): (1)

Author-date

system,

(3)

Harvard (author-date) style

This system uses the author's name and

date of publication in the body of the text,

and the bibliography is given

alphabetically by author. There are many

variations on the style - examples are

(4)

Example

"The author has discussed the implications of

these proposals on the National Health Service

in another paper (Loft, 1991). Other writers

have commented on related issues, notably Lane

(1992, 1994) and Lewis (1995, p.54). "

Names and dates are enclosed in parentheses

unless the author's name is part of the sentence.

If two papers are cited by the same author, and

both are published in the same year, the first

should be referenced as (Loft 1997a), then (Loft

1997b), and so on.

(5)

The full citation is listed at the end of the article, which

is arranged in alphabetical order by author. Journal

names are given in full and are italicised, as are

book names. References would be cited as follows:

Annas, G.J. (1997a), 'New drugs for acute

respiratory distress syndrome',

New England Journal

of Medicine

, vol. 337, no. 6, pp. 435-439.

Grinspoon, L. & Bakalar, J.B. (1993),

Marijuana: the

forbidden medicine

(6)

Variations on the Harvard style

Universities (and journals) have many variations for use in

their own institutions, a few examples are linked below.

Leicester University (UK)

Year of publication is not in brackets and is followed by a

full stop; article titles are not placed within quotes, volume

numbers are in bold and are not spelled out;

www.le.ac.uk/library/sources/subject3/harvard.html

Monash University (Aus)

Article titles are in double quotes;

http://www.lib.monash.edu.au/tutorials/citing/harvard.html

University of Western Australia (Aus)

In this recommendation, the year of publication is not in

brackets;

www.library.uwa.edu.au/education_training_and_supp

ort/guides/how_to_cite_your_sources

(7)

Vancouver (author-number) style

The Vancouver system differs from

Harvard by using a number series to

indicate references. Bibliographies list

these in numerical order as they appear in

the text. The main advantage of the

Vancouver style is that the main text reads

more easily, and some editors consider

this to be less obtrusive. Additionally,

references in the bibliography are directly

correlated to numbers, saving the reader

time in searching alphabetically for the

(8)

Vancouver (author-number) style

Vancouver style is so named as it is based on

the work of a group, first meeting in Vancouver

in 1978, which became the International

Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).

The style was developed by the US National

Library of Medicine (NLM) and adopted by the

ICMJE as part of their 'uniform requirements for

manuscripts submitted to biomedical journals'.

The NLM's annual publication 'list of journals

indexed in Index Medicus' lists journals and their

accepted abbreviations. The NLM abbreviation

for a journal title is commonly required by

medical journals.

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Example

"The author has discussed the implications of these proposals on

the National Health Service in another paper (1). Other writers

have commented on related issues, notably Lane (2,3) and Lewis

(4). "

References in the Vancouver style would be cited in numerical

order as below. This is a more economical style than Harvard, and

excessive punctuation, spacing and formatting is absent. Journal

names are abbreviated.

(1) Annas GJ. New drugs for acute respiratory distress syndrome.

N Engl J Med. 1997;337:435-9.

(2) Grinspoon L, Bakalar JB. Marijuana: the forbidden medicine.

London: Yale University Press; 1993.

(3) Feinberg TE, Farah MJ, editors. Behavioural neurology and

neuropsychology. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1997.

(10)

The Chicago Manual of

Style

The Chicago Manual of Style

allows for two different types of

reference styles: the

Author-

Author-Date System

Date System

and the

_{and the}

Documentary-Note

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Author-Date System

Book - single author Book - single author

Citation in Citation in Text

Text (Holmlund 2002) (Holmlund 2002) Reference List FormReference List Form Holmlund, C. 2002. Impossible bodies: Holmlund, C. 2002. Impossible bodies: feminity and

feminity and

masculinity at the masculinity at the movies.

movies. New York: New York: Routledge.

Routledge.

Book - more than one author Book - more than one author

Text (Craton and

(Craton and

Saunders 1992)

Saunders 1992) Reference List

Reference List Form

Form Craton, M. and G.

Craton, M. and G.

Saunders. 1992.

Islanders in the Islanders in the

Stream: A history of Stream: A history of the Bahamian people. the Bahamian people.

Athens: University of

Georgia Press.

(12)

Author-Date System

Chapter from a book Chapter from a book

Text (Repgen 1992) (Repgen 1992) Reference List Form Reference List Form Repgen, K. 1987. What is a 'Religious War'? In Repgen, K. 1987. What is a 'Religious War'? In

Politics and society in Politics and society in Reformation Europe Reformation Europe, , edited by E. I. Kouri and

edited by E. I. Kouri and

T. Scott, 311-328.

London: Macmillan.

Article from journal Article from journal

Text (Herring 1998) (Herring 1998) Reference List FormReference List Form Herring, G. 1998. BeguiledHerring, G. 1998. Beguiled: Misogynist : Misogynist The The myth or feminist fable?

myth or feminist fable?

Literature Film Quarterly Literature Film Quarterly

26 (3): 214-219.

(13)

Author-Date System

Article from electronic journal - accessed through a database Article from electronic journal - accessed through a database

Text (Yin 2003)

(Yin 2003) Reference List Reference List Form

Form Yin, Sandra. 2003.

Yin, Sandra. 2003.

Color bind. American

Demographics 25,

(7): 22-26. Academic

Search Premier, via

Galileo,

Newspaper article – no author Newspaper article – no author

Text (

(Chicago TribuneChicago Tribune

1994)

1994) Reference List

Reference List Form

Form Chicago Tribune

Chicago Tribune. . 1994. Gun injuries

1994. Gun injuries

take financial toll on

hospitals, February

24.

(14)

Documentary-Note Style

Book - single author Book - single author

Footnote

2. Chris Holmlund,

Impossible Bodies: Impossible Bodies: Femininity and

Femininity and Masculinity at the Masculinity at the Movies

Movies (New York: (New York:

Routledge, 2002), 159.

Bibliographic Bibliographic

form

form Holmlund, Chris. ImpossibleBodies: Holmlund, Chris. ImpossibleBodies: Femininity and Femininity and Masculinity at the Masculinity at the Movies

Movies. New York: . New York: Routledge, 2002.

Routledge, 2002.

Book - more than one author Book - more than one author Footnote

1. Michael Craton

and Gail Saunders,

Islanders in the Islanders in the

Stream: A History of Stream: A History of the Bahamian

the Bahamian People

People (Athens: (Athens: University of

University of

Georgia Press,

1992), 24.

Saunders. Islanders in Islanders in the Stream: A History the Stream: A History of the Bahamian

of the Bahamian People

People. Athens: . Athens:

University of Georgia

Press, 1992.

(15)

Documentary-Note Style

Chapter from a book Chapter from a book

Footnote

1. Konrad Repgen,

"What is a

'Religious War'?" in

Politics and Society Politics and Society in Reformation

in Reformation Europe

Europe, ed. E. I. , ed. E. I. Kouri and Tom

Kouri and Tom

Scott, 324 (London:

Macmillan, 1987).

Bibliographic Bibliographic

form

form Repgen, Konrad. "What

Repgen, Konrad. "What

is a 'Religious War'?" In

Politics and Society in Politics and Society in Reformation Europe Reformation Europe, , edited by E. I. Kouri and

edited by E. I. Kouri and

Tom Scott, 311-328.

London: Macmillan,

1987.

Article from journal Article from journal

Footnote

1. Gina Herring,

"

"The BeguiledThe Beguiled: :

Misogynyist Myth or

Feminist Fable?"

Literature Film Literature Film Quarterly

form Herring, Gina. "

Herring, Gina. "The The Beguiled

Beguiled: Misogynist : Misogynist Myth or Feminist

Myth or Feminist

Fable?"

Fable?" Literature Film Literature Film Quarterly

Quarterly 26, no. 3 26, no. 3 (1998): 214-219.

(16)

Documentary-Note Style

Article from electronic journal - accessed through a database Article from electronic journal - accessed through a database

Footnote

3. Sandra Yin, "Color

Bind,"

Bind," American American Demographics

Demographics, 25, , 25, no. 7 (2003).

no. 7 (2003).

Academic Search

Premier, via Galileo,

http://www.galileo.usg

form Yin, Sandra. "Color

Yin, Sandra. "Color

Bind."

Bind." American American Demographics

Demographics 25, no. 25, no. 7 (2003): 22-26.

7 (2003): 22-26.

Academic Search

Premier, via Galileo,

http://www.galileo.usg

.edu

Newspaper article - no author Newspaper article - no author

Footnote form Footnote form (first footnote)

(first footnote) 1.

1. Chicago Chicago Tribune

Tribune, "Gun , "Gun Injuries Take

Injuries Take

Financial Toll on

Hospitals," sec.

1, February 24,

form Chicago Tribune

Chicago Tribune, , "Gun Injuries Take

"Gun Injuries Take

Financial Toll on

Hospitals," February

24, 1994.

(17)

Form for Additional Footnote References

Use this form after the first complete

reference if only one work by this author is

used:

2. Kelly, 256.

Use this form for additional references

when more than one work by this author is

used:

2. Kelly, "Double Vision," 81.

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CATATAN KAKI/AKHIR dan FUNGSINYA

Catatan yang ditempatkan di bagian bawah

halaman atau di akhir artikel disebut catatan

kaki/akhir .

Fungsinya adalah:

1)

Memberikan informasi bibliografis tentang

pustaka yang diacu (lihat

the documentary-

the

documentary-note style in Chicago Manual of Style

note style in Chicago Manual of Style

)

2)

Memberikan penjelasan tambahan tentang

suatu hal yang disebut dalam teks utama

dengan tujuan agar tidak mengganggu alur

paparan dalam teks utama.

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PENULISAN DAFTAR YANG DIACU

• Ada 2 sistem penulisan daftar yang diacu:

Ada 2 sistem penulisan daftar yang diacu:

Bibliography

dan

Reference

_Reference

• Dalam

Dalam

Bibliography,

semua pustaka yang

ditelaah oleh penulis dicantumkan dalam

daftar, baik yang diacu dalam teks maupun

yang tidak diacu dalam teks

• Dalam

Dalam

Reference,

hanya pustaka yang diacu

yang ditulis dalam daftar:

yang diacu dalam

teks dicantumkan dalam daftar, yang ada

dalam daftar harus diacu dalam teks

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VARIASI DALAM MENULIS DAFTAR RUJUKAN

• Masing-masing gaya selingkung memiliki

Masing-masing gaya selingkung memiliki

variasi dalam menulis daftar rujukan dalam hal

•

menulis nama penulis

•

menulis tahun penerbitan

•

urutan informasi bibliografis

•

penggunaan huruf kapital dan huruf miring

•

menulis singgkatan

• namun sekarang, ada kecenderungan untuk

namun sekarang, ada kecenderungan untuk

lebih sederhana dan efisien.

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TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA

• Menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara

Menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan antara

hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu dalam

bidang yang sedang diteliti sehingga akan

jelas kontribusi keilmuan penelitian yang

bersangkutan

• Menunjukkan garis depan perkembangan

Menunjukkan garis depan perkembangan

keilmuan dalam bidang tertentu sebagai

hasil akumulasi temuan-temuan penelitian

sebelumnya

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TUJUAN MENGACU PUSTAKA

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• Mengakui adanya penelitian terdahulu

Mengakui adanya penelitian terdahulu

yang serupa yang bisa digunakan sebagai

bahan pembanding

• Mendukung ide dan argumentasi yang

Mendukung ide dan argumentasi yang

dipaparkan oleh penulis artikel

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Draf akhir Instrumen Akreditasi 2011:



Terbukti memuat artikel yang

keseluruhannya

merupakan plagiat

;

skor dikurangi 10



Terbukti memuat artikel berisikan bagian-

Terbukti memuat artikel berisikan

bagian-bagian yg merupakan plagiat;

bagian yg merupakan plagiat;

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CARA MENGUTIP LANGSUNG

• Mengutip langsung sebagai cara

Mengutip langsung sebagai cara

pengacuan bertujuan untuk memberikan

bukti orisinal berupa kata, frase, atau

kalimat yang diambil dari pustaka rujukan

yang relevan

• Ada 2 cara mengutip langsung, tergantung

Ada 2 cara mengutip langsung, tergantung

pada panjang-pendeknya yang dikutip: (1)

kurang dari 40 kata (kurang dari 4 baris),

atau (2) 40 kata atau lebih (4 baris atau

lebih)

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CARA MENGUTIP LANGSUNG (2)

• Jika kurang dari 40 kata atau kurang dari

Jika kurang dari 40 kata atau kurang dari

4 baris, kutipan dipadukan dalam teks

dan ditandai dengan tanda kutip.

• Jika 40 kata atau lebih, atau 4 baris atau

Jika 40 kata atau lebih, atau 4 baris atau

lebih, paparkan kutipan dalam bentuk

alinea tersendiri, tanpa disertai tanda

kutip.

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CARA MENYIAPKAN NASKAH YANG TERKAIT

DENGAN PENGACUAN

• Tentukan jurnal yang akan dituju:

Tentukan jurnal yang akan dituju:

kemana naskah Anda akan dikirim

• Pelajari “Petunjuk untuk Penulis” yang

Pelajari “Petunjuk untuk Penulis” yang

biasanya dimuat di bagian belakang

setiap terbitan jurnal (atau diterbitkan

secara terpisah)

• Pelajari juga bagaimana petunjuk

Pelajari juga bagaimana petunjuk

tersebut diaplikasikan dalam terbitannya

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Kaidah untuk

Jurnal Nasional Terakreditasi



Pustaka rujukan harus terdiri atas:



Sumber primer (=jurnal) >80%



Mutakhir (=terbit 10 tahun terakhir) >80%



Selain dua kaidah tersebut, masing-

Selain dua kaidah tersebut,

masing-masing pengelola jurnal dapat

masing pengelola jurnal dapat

mengembangkan gaya selingkung sendiri

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TERIMA KASIH

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